某上游式尾矿坝安全性评价方法分析研究

尾矿库安全性评价在尾矿库运行中是一项至关重要的工作。本文借助实际的工程实例,使用规范规定的计算方法和公式,结合工程力学和流体力学基础理论知识,深入的研究了尾矿库坝坡稳定性和尾矿渗流稳定性的评价方法和计算过程,对现有的尾矿库安全性进行了评价。同时,通过实验室重塑性试验取得了为矿体的各项参数,应用二维边坡稳定性和渗流稳定性计算软件对尾矿库的稳定性进行了计算,对比解析法和数值法计算结果的异同,分析了产生差异的原因,为尾矿库安全性评价工作提供了一些借鉴。     

拉曼光谱方法测量流体包裹体的内压及其应用

通过金刚石压腔和显微激光拉曼光谱方法,获得了流体包裹体中H2O-NaCl体系的O—H、碳酸根的C—O、硫酸根的S—O和正庚烷-环己烷的C—H振动拉曼位移与温度和压力关系的表达式。该研究结果可以用于实测流体包裹体在不同温度下的内压,并可由此获得流体包裹体的p-t线或等容线。这不仅有助于精确获得流体包裹体的形成温度和形成压力,也可为研究和确定流体包裹体中流体的组成和性质提供依据。     

7月青藏高原大气热源空间型及其与东亚大气环流和降水的相关研究

对1958～1999年的7月份NCEP/NCAR再分析资料中青藏高原区域大气热源强度(整层气柱的总非绝热加热率)做旋转经验正交函数分析,结果表明该区域内大气热源强度的空间分布特征复杂,各地差异显著。前4个REOF型的加热中心位于高原东北部、高原西南部、克什米尔地区以及高原东南部地区上空。小波分析还表明各空间型都有2～4a的变化周期。文中计算了前4个RPC与东亚中、低空纬向风(U)、经向风(V)、纬向水汽通量(Q_u)、经向水汽通量(Q_v)的相关系数,并用这些相关系数构造矢量,进而分析其流场和水汽通量散度场,发现高原不同区域的大气加热异常所对应的东亚大气环流形势及降水也大不相同,由此表明,在研究高原加热对中国气候的影响时,应注意加热的空间分布特征。     

The differences of the size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) between urban and rural sites of Guangzhou, China

Size distribution aerosol samples collected at two urban locations (Liwan and Wushan) and a suburban location (Xinken) in Guangzhou (South China) in autumn using a MOUDI (Micro-orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor) have been analyzed for 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by gas chromatography with mass selective detection (GC-MS). Different PAH size distribution models were found for urban locations and a suburban location. The particle size distributions of PAHs tend to shift toward a larger size in a suburban location than in an urban location caused by aerosol aging processes. The ratios of total-PAH/TSP changed greatly during different sampling periods, even though the samplings were conducted consecutively. This can be the result of reactions between PAHs and atmospheric photooxidants, and the formation of SOAs (secondary organic aerosols) during the aging process. Adsorption behavior on available aerosol surface area, absorption behavior in available aerosol organic mass and multilayer adsorptive accumulation in coarse mode aerosols were the three mechanisms which control the size distribution of PAHs.     

Some Key Problems on the Petrogenesis of Seafloor Basalts,Abyssal Peridotites and Geodynamics—A Non-traditional Isotope Approach

This paper discusses some major research to be carried out in the next five years in the newly established Laboratory of Ocean Lithosphere and Mantle Geodynamics. By using our existing sample collections of global mid-ocean ridge basalts, gabbros and abyssal peridotites from the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans, the research includes: ①Using Ti-Zr-Hf stable isotope methods to test the hypothesis that the observed huge Nb-Ta and Zr-Hf fractionations result from mass-dependent fractionation under mantle magmatic conditions; ②Using a MORB sample suite of uniform ratios of incompatible elements and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes with large major element compositional variation to test the common hypothesis of iron isotope fractionation, i.e, the affinity of heavy Fe with ferric Fe (Fe³⁺), and both heavy Fe and ferric Fe (Fe³⁺) being more incompatible than light Fe and ferrous Fe (Fe²⁺) during magma evolution; while using an incompatible trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope highly variable MORB suite to test the same hypothesis during low-degree mantle melting (i.e, the effect of mantle metasomatism); ③Proposing and testing the hypothesis that the high oxygen fugacity of the Earth’s mantle is a consequence of plate tectonics by subducting partially serpentinized oceanic mantle lithosphere with abundant ferric Fe (e.g. Fe³⁺/SFe>2); ④The recent work by Andersen et al. (Nature, 2015) is a milestone contribution by using U isotope variation in oceanic basalts to hypothesize that the O₂-rich atmosphere since the late Archean (abont 2.4 Ga) mobilized the water soluble U (6+ vs. 4+) from continents, transported to the ocean and subducted with sediments to the upper mantle, which explains the low Th/U in MORB (<2.5) and the high Th/U (>3.5) ocean island basalts (OIB) do not see such U addition effect probably because OIB source materials are all ancient (> abont 2.4 Ga) if there were subducted component. The Cenozoic alkali basalts from eastern China are ideal materials for evaluating the significance of the subducted seafloor materials for the petrogenesis of OIB and enriched MORB by using the U isotope approach, which is expected to revise and improve the Andersen et al hypothesis.     

我国煤的稳定同位素组成特征

总结了煤及其煤化作用产物稳定同位素地球化学研究成果。煤的δ＾１３Ｃ值主要在－２２．５‰～－２５．５‰之间，中值为－２４．４‰。煤化作用及地质年代影响极微，但煤岩显微组分对δ＾１３Ｃ值有明显影响，壳质组含量增加，煤的δ＾１３Ｃ值变轻。煤的热模拟演化产物δ＾１３Ｃ值；甲烷在液态烃产出峰值处有最烃的碳同位素组成，液态烃与煤有相似的δ＾１３Ｃ值，其族组分中烷烃部分随温度增高，δ＾１３Ｃ值有变重的趋势。煤的     

Microcosm studies on iron and arsenic mobilization from aquifer sediments under different conditions of microbial activity and carbon source

Microcosm experiments were conducted to understand the mechanism of microbially mediated mobilization of Fe and As from high arsenic aquifer sediments. Arsenic-resistant strains isolated from aquifer sediments of a borehole specifically drilled for this study at Datong basin were used as inoculated strains, and glucose and sodium acetate as carbon sources for the experiments. In abiotic control experiments, the maximum concentrations of Fe and As were only 0.47 mg/L and 0.9 μg/L, respectively. By contrast, the maximum contents of Fe and As in anaerobic microcosm experiments were much higher (up to 1.82 mg/L and 12.91 μg/L, respectively), indicating the crucial roles of microbial activities in Fe and As mobilization. The observed difference in Fe and As release with different carbon sources may be related to the difference in growth pattern and composition of microbial communities that develop in response to the type of carbon sources.     

山西潞安集团李村煤矿水文地质条件及矿井涌水量预测

李村煤矿为新建矿井,位于潞安矿区西部深埋区,计划开采山西组3号煤,矿井水害为煤层顶板砂岩裂隙水.在分析矿井水文地质条件的基础上,采用瞬变电磁探测成果,对3号煤顶板富水规律进行了研究,认为首采区的各含水层的富水区与构造相差程度高,且为片状分布,主要分布于两个较大倾斜构造和X7陷落柱及工业广场南部的陷落柱附近.采用富水系数法和解析法对井井底车场和首采工作面的涌水量进行了预测,认为富水系数法计算的涌水量成果较为可靠;利用承压含水层非稳定流定降深法对首采区1302工作面的涌水量进行了动态预测,发现顶板砂岩含水层是以疏干充水为特征.该研究对李村煤矿矿井建设及采区生产的防治水工作具有指导意义,同时对于山西潞安矿区西部煤层深埋区新建矿井排水系统及矿井防治水措施具有重要的参考作用.     

新疆西准噶尔库什库都克岩体地质时代、地球化学及岩石成因

新疆西准噶尔构造带分布着大量中酸性侵入体,其性质和侵位期次对于认识该构造带的演化及其成矿过程具有十分重要的意义。然而,由于部分岩体缺乏精确的同位素年代学和地球化学数据（如库什库都克岩体）,制约了对其成因类型的认识。本文通过对库什库都克岩体野外地质调查、LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb 同位素测年及岩石地球化学分析,探讨其形成时代和成因类型。结果表明,该岩体出露面积仅约为3 km²,岩性主要为花岗闪长岩,见少量花岗闪长斑岩。LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb 获得其形成时代为311.9±2.6 Ma(n = 20,MSWD = 0.05)。地球化学特征显示其具有Ⅰ型花岗岩的特征。岩体主量元素具有相对富硅（SiO₂ = 65.78%～ 67.76%)、中等铝(Al₂O₃=15.66%～16.29%)、富碱(Na₂O+K₂O=7.79%～8.04%)、贫钾(K₂O=3.48%～3.86%)的特征,FeO^T/MgO 值较低(3.77～4.36),A/CNK = 0.99～1.20,A/NK=1.43～1.48, 属高钾钙碱性准铝质- 弱过铝质岩石; 稀土配分曲线为右倾型, 负Eu 异常较明显(δEu = 0.57～0.72), 微量元素蛛网图显示富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba, 相对亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素和重稀土Yb、Y,10⁴ Ga/Al值较低(2.21～2.56)等特征。这与区内如包古图、别鲁阿嘎希等钙碱性系列的小岩体在成岩时代、地球化学特征以及成因类型上具有相似性,表明它们可能具有相同的地球动力学背景,同为俯冲作用的产物。而与300 Ma左右形成于后 碰撞环境的庙尔沟、阿克巴斯陶等A₂型大岩基明显不同,暗示西准噶尔地区可能存在着性质不同的两期岩浆活动,这为区域晚古生代岩浆活动和构造演化等研究提供了资料。     

南沙海域中大陆坡沉积物中甾醇的地球化学研究

对南沙海域中大际坡柱沉积物中甾醇进行了分析,从中检出碳数为Ｃ２７－Ｃ３０的１１种甾醇生物标志化合物,它们的组成特征反映了沉积有机质主要来自浮游生物,陆源高等植物的贡献很少,不同沉积层段中甾醇的组成差异可能与生态环境有关,甾烷醇与甾烯醇比值随沉积深度而增加的趋势,指示了甾烯醇向甾烷醇的转化,这种转化可能是通过化学和生物化学的氢化作用实现的。