荒漠植物质膜透性的初步研究

对荒漠地区植物质膜透性的研究表明,荒漠植物的总电导度比一般中生植物大得多,并且和组织的肉质有密切关系。质膜透性变化随植物种类而不同与植物抗逆性强弱有关.质膜对水胁迫反应灵敏,当组织含水量减少时相对电导度明显增加,这表明质膜的特性和电解质含量对植物抗逆性都有重要作用。     

绵阳机场低能见度气候统计特征

利用绵阳机场最近10年逐时能见度资料,对低能见度的气候特征进行了统计,并对造成低能见度障碍的天气现象和影响系统作了普查分折.结果表明:绵阳机场低能见度有明显的季节变化和闩变化:造成低能见度障碍的天气现象主要是雾.     

Palaeoceanographic change in the northeastern South China Sea during the last 15000 years

The sedimentary succession of piston core RC26-16, dated by ¹⁴C accelerator mass spectrometry, provides a nearly continuous palaeoceanographic record of the northeastern South China Sea for the last 15000 yr. Planktic foraminiferal assemblages indicate that winter sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) rose from 18°C to about 24°C from the last glacial to the Holocene. A short-lived cooling of 1°C in winter temperature centred at about 11000 ¹⁴C yr ago may reflect the Younger Dryas cooling event in this area. Summer SSTs have remained between 27°C and 29°C throughout the record. The temperature difference between summer and winter was about ca. 9°C during the last glacial, much higher than the Holocene value of ca. 5°C. During the late Holocene a short-lived cooling event occurred at about 4000 ¹⁴C yr ago. Oxygen and carbon isotopic gradients between surface (0–50 m) and subsurface (50–100 m) waters were smaller during the last glacial than those in the Holocene. The fluctuation in the isotopic gradients are caused most likely by changes in upwelling intensity. Smaller gradients indicate stronger upwelling during the glacial winter monsoon. The fauna-derived estimates of nutrient content of the surface waters indicate that the upwelling induced higher fertility and biological productivity during the glacial. The winter monsoon became weaker during the Holocene. The carbonate compensation depth and foraminiferal lysocline were shallower during the Holocene, except for a short-lived deepening at about 5000 ¹⁴C yr ago. A preservation peak of planktic foraminifera and calcium carbonate occurred between 13400 and 12000 ¹⁴C yr ago, synchronous to the global preservation event of Termination I.     

Facies and depositional model of alluvial fan dominated by episodic flood events in arid conditions: An example from the Quaternary Poplar Fan,north-western China

Alluvial fans are usually constructed through episodic flood events. Despite the significance of these ephemeral floods on the morphodynamics of alluvial fans, depositional responses to the variations in flood conditions are still poorly documented. This greatly limits the ability to interpret ancient sedimentary successions of fans and the associated flood hydrodynamics. The Quaternary Poplar Fan from endorheic Heshituoluogai Basin provides an optimal case for addressing this issue. Based on the variations in facies associations and flood conditions, three depositional stages – namely; lobe building stage, channel building stage and the abandonment stage – are identified. During the lobe building stage the Poplar Fan is predominately constructed through incised channel flood, sheetflood and unconfined streamflood, with coeval development of distal surficial ephemeral ponds. The channel building stage is characterized by the development of gravelly braided rivers. However, only scour pool fill deposits are preferentially preserved in the Poplar Fan. During the abandonment stage, erosional lags and aeolian sands randomly occur throughout the fan, while gully deposits can only be found in the distal fan. The distinctive facies architecture of the Poplar Fan is likely to be the result of periodicity of climate fluctuations between wetter and drier conditions during the Late Pleistocene to Holocene. The ephemeral floods formed under wetter conditions usually show high discharge and sediment concentrations which facilitate the lobe building processes. During the drier periods, only gravelly braided rivers can be developed through ephemeral floods as the intensity and frequency in precipitation, discharge and sediment concentrations of the flood flows significantly decrease. The abandonment stage of the fan may occur between recurring flood episodes or during the driest periods. Furthermore, the long-term (10⁵ to 10⁶ year) geomorphic evolution of the Poplar Fan shows the influence of tectonic activities. The ongoing thrust uplift tectonic activities have caused destruction of the fan but can also facilitate the fan-head trench/incision of the fan, which in turn facilitate the progradation of the fan. This study proposes a new depositional model for alluvial fans constructed through episodic flood events, which shows the character of both sheet-flood dominated and stream-flow dominated end members of alluvial fans. These findings supplement the understanding of the variability of the alluvial fans and provide means to characterize rock record of alluvial fans and their associated flood and climate conditions.     

Early Paleozoic mantle evolution of East Kunlun Orogenic Belt in Qinghai,NW China: evidence from the geochemistry and geochronology of the Late Ordovician to Late Silurian mafic-ultramafic rocks in the Qimantag region

ABSTRACT

Subduction-related basaltic rocks in active continental margins should record information about the lithospheric mantle. Mafic rocks from the Qimantag region of the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt (EKOB), NW China, can be used to constrain the evolution of mantle sources. The Heishan basalts (445 Ma) and Xiarihamu gabbros (427 Ma) display distinct geochemical and isotopic features, with basalts yielding relatively lower Na₂O+K₂O (1.48–4.16 wt.%) and Mg^# (0.50–0.57) than gabbros (Na₂O+K₂O = 2.96–4.07 wt.%, Mg^# = 0.65–0.81). Although the basalts and gabbros show similar enrichment of LILE and depletion of HFSE, the gabbros have higher Th/Y and lower Sm/Th and Nb/U ratios than the basalts, indicative of derivation from a more enriched mantle source. The Heishan basalts have relatively positive εNd(t) values (+4.7 to +5.8) whereas the Xiarihamu gabbros have negative εNd(t) values ranging from ?5.5 to ?3.8. Crustal contamination played an insignificant role in the formation of the basalts and gabbros. Our data suggest that the basalts originated from a depleted mantle source, slightly enriched by subduction-related fluids, whereas the gabbros originated from an enriched mantle source. These findings support a subduction-related progressive lithospheric mantle enrichment model over ~20 Ma beneath the Qimantag region in the Early Palaeozoic.     

天山北麓河流纵剖面与基岩侵蚀模型特征分析

本文提取分析天山北麓10条河流的纵剖面,通过函数拟合纵剖面形态特征,同时运用基岩侵蚀力模型来研究河流纵剖面形态的发育演化过程,来揭示河流纵剖面的发育与构造活动之间的内在关系.研究表明:天山北麓河流地貌地形发育阶段处于河流侵蚀作用强烈的前均衡状态时期.塔西河的纵剖面凹曲度最大,向东西两侧河流凹曲度依次降低,乌鲁木齐河与四棵树河凹曲度最小,河流的凹曲度(θ)和河道坡度(Ks)的数值分布规律与所对应构造部位晚更新世以来的抬升速率和地壳缩短速度相一致,排除时间、气候因素和基岩性质影响因素后.发现晚更新世以来天山北麓河流纵剖面形态变化主要受构造抬升作用的影响.     

Assessment of aeolian desertification trends from 1975's to 2005's in the watershed of the Longyangxia Reservoir in the upper reaches of China's Yellow River

Global climate change will affect the ecology and environment of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, thus increasing attention is being paid to the aeolian desertification that is occurring in the watershed that supplies the Longyangxia Reservoir in the upper reaches of China's Yellow River. We must assess the aeolian desertification trends before developing a plan to restore the region's degraded eco-environment. In this study, land suffered from aeolian desertification was classified into four levels (slight, moderate, severe, and extremely severe) using a series of indices. Interpretation of Landsat MSS and TM data from 1975's, 1989's, and 2005's was used to establish databases of aeolian desertified land at these three times. We then derived the aeolian desertification trends during the study period by overlaying the consecutive databases, and we analyzed the driving factors responsible for the observed aeolian desertification. The results show a total of 1,721,478.02 ha of aeolian desertified land in 2005's, accounting for 13% of the region's total area. From 1975's to 1989's, the area of aeolian desertified land increased by 229,307.26 ha, which represents a 15% increase compared to the 1975's area; and from 1989's to 2005's, the area of aeolian desertified land decreased by 19,079.87 ha, which represents a 1% decrease compared to the 1989's area. The main driving factors responsible for this increased aeolian desertification were climate factors (high wind velocity and an increase in annual temperature, combined with low precipitation and high evaporation) as well as unsustainable human activities and inappropriate policy measures. A series of key national projects initiated to combat degradation of the study area's eco-environment led to a decrease of aeolian desertified land through obvious restoration of vegetation.     

中国基本公共服务效率与城镇化质量的时空耦合关系研究

以2007-2017年中国31个省区(未含港澳台地区)为研究对象,在厘清基本公共服务效率与城镇化质量耦合机理基础上,构建基本公共服务效率与城镇化质量评价指标体系,运用数据包络分析模型和熵值法测算基本公共服务效率与城镇化质量水平,运用耦合协调度模型和障碍度模型,分析两者耦合协调的时空特征及其主要障碍因子.结果表明:①中国...     

被动陆缘裂陷盆地的层序充填动力学模型--以早泥盆世-中泥盆世早期右江盆地为例

早泥盆世-中泥盆世早期的右江盆地处于被动陆缘裂陷盆地阶段.本文通过对这一时期右江盆地的沉积层序、构造演化、古气候以及全球海平面等因素的综合分析,建立了右江被动陆缘裂陷盆地的层序充填动力学模型.该模型充分体现了构造控盆、盆控相,不同相带的时空配置形成层序的不同样式的基本思想,强调了构造沉降和全球海平面升降共同作用下的相对海平面变化所引起的可容纳空间的变化与沉积物供应比值的关系对层序样式的决定作用.通过代表台缘相的横县六景剖面的验证,该模型清楚地反映了全球海平面变化对超层序的主要控制作用,区域构造沉降的叠加效应使相对海平面曲线的R拐点要早于全球海平面曲线的R拐点,而F拐点要晚于全球海平面曲线的F拐点.古气候因素体现在层序充填物(气候敏感沉积物的种类、生物种属的差别)的差异性上.本文所建立层序充填动力学模型的思路和方法对于其他地区、其他类型盆地类似的研究具有借鉴意义,由此建立的被动陆缘裂陷盆地的层序充填动力学模型对于了解右江盆地的构造动力学与特提斯构造域的关系、促进盆地动力学理论的发展和该区的资源勘探具有重要的理论意义.     

中国数字地震台网的建设与发展

ldquo;十五rdquo;（2001——2005年）期间,中国地震观测系统得到了迅速的发展,中国地震局完成了ldquo;中国数字地震观测网络rdquo;项目建设,将所有模拟地震观测系统全部进行了数字化改造,并新建了一些数字化地震台站,标志着中国的地震观测已进入数字时代. 本文介绍了新一代国家数字地震台网、区域数字地震台网、火山数字地震台网和流动数字地震台网的规模、布局原则和主要功能.