Catchment-based imperviousness metrics impacts on floods in Niushou River basin,Nanjing City,East China

Concerns regarding urbanization impacts on floods gradually moved from end-of-pipe solutions, based on open channel hydraulics improvement, to imperviousness ratio limiting and then to land use control and to integrated planning at local and large scale levels. The Niushou River basin is one of the fastest urbanizing areas in Nanjing City, East China, however, the high urban land percentage has leaded to series of flooding events. The paper aims to reveal the impact of imperviousness ratio, patterns and drainage system on flooding areas based on the unit of catchment and Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The following conclusions were reached. 1) The ratio or spatial characteristics of the impervious surface affected the runoff volumes and associated floods areas. Despite the well-established drainage system, the high imperviousness ratio, particularly clustered pattern in locations such as hydrological sensitive zones aggravated the flooding tension across the basin. 2) The poor drainage hydraulic efficiency in local areas, and the lack of integral processes of infiltration, yield, storage and discharge in local catchment and larger basin are also significant factors. 3) The Niushou River basin development should improve the drainage transformations from a single local, short-term drainage process into integral, elastic processes of infiltration, yield, storage, and discharge.     

Amino Sugars and Their Indicating Role in the Cycling of Organic Matter in Marine Environment

As a kind of marine organic matter with important geochemical characteristics, amino sugars can effectively reflect the source, diagenetic state and mineralization process of organic matter by their concentration and composition in marine environment. This article systematically concluded the research progresses of amino sugars from the aspects of their source, composition and distribution characteristics in marine environment, and the role as a biomarker indicating source and diagenetic state of marine organic matter. The result showed that the macromolecular morphology, the oxygen and nutrient level and the sedimentary environment could affect the reactivity of amino sugars. The higher ratios of glucosamine to galactosamine (GlcN/GalN) and the Total Hydrolysable Amino Acids to Total Hydrolysable Amino Sugars (THAA/THAS) can reflect the fresh planktonic organic matter source and the lower ratios can reflect the conversion from planktonic to bacterial organic matter. The carbon and nitrogen normalized yield of total hydrolysable amino sugars, however, could give contradictory results depending on the relative contribution of the source and degradation degree of organic matter. Muramic acid is suitable to estimate the contribution of relatively fresh bacteria organic matter to particulate and sediment organic matter, but it is not suitable for applying in the dissolved organic matter because of its very low concentration leading from its rapid recycle. It is critical to enhance the research on the contribution of different microorganisms to amino sugars and differentiate the influence of organic matter source and degradation on amino sugars in marine environment. The research on the conversion and fate of amino sugars in marine environment is also needed.     

云南省前兆模拟观测数据库系统的设计及实现

介绍了云南省前兆模拟观测数据库系统。该系统由前兆模拟观测数据库和数据库管理软件两部分组成。针对云南省前兆模拟观测手段多、时段长、覆盖面广等特点,选用Microsoft SQ LServer 2000为数据库平台设计建立了云南省前兆模拟观测数据库;针对前兆观测方法及台站观测手段分类管理的特点,选用Delphi为开发工具编制了前兆数据库管理软件。该系统的实现解决了分析预报和研究人员对长期积累的前兆观测数据的科研需要。     

GLZ-1型交直流全隔离自动供电电源的研制

对于地处多雷区的地震及前兆观测台站,公用电网常常引入雷击,据统计(李泰国,2003),对于低压系统,有70％以上的雷电灾害来源于电网及通讯线路的雷电波侵入,这70％中,绝大部分又来自于电网。因此,低压系统的防雷一直是一个难以解决的问题,尽管目前流行的避雷设备很多,但造价高,且避雷效果没有保证。因此,从电源设计方面来消除雷电波影响一直受到关注。     

青藏高原南羌塘盆地多玛地区 晚新生代伸展构造特征

晚新生代以来青藏高原南羌塘盆地内发育近南北走向和近东西走向的两组伸展构造。南羌塘盆地多玛地区的遥感影像分析及野外实地研究表明,沿两组断裂均可见线性分布的断层三角面、断层陡坎、断塞塘、热泉和泉华等构造地貌特征,表明断裂的伸展特性;同时,南北走向的断裂错断山脊、中生代地层和研究区内近东西走向的伸展构造,断层错距从几十米到上千米不等。近南北走向的断裂由南部的两条主干断裂向北呈马尾状散开,并在中央隆起带南坡逐渐消失,近东西走向伸展构造发育在近南北走向断裂的北部,不论断层规模还是断层活动性均表明近南北走向断裂为研究区内主控构造单元。光释光年龄表明近东西走向断裂在全新世仍处在活动状态。研究区内两组伸展构造的交切关系表明近东西走向的伸展构造为近南北走向构造的伴生构造或转换构造,两组伸展构造的发育表明高原腹地处于伸展垮塌状态。     

The metallogenic environment of the Dounan manganese deposit,Southeast Yunnan,China: evidence from geochemistry and Mössbauer spectroscopic

Acta Geochimica - The Dounan manganese deposit is a typical large-scale marine sedimentary manganese deposit of the Middle Triassic in China. The metallogenic environment and change process...     

Geochemistry and Hf Isotopes Characteristics and Geological Significance of Latest Early Permian Granodiorite of Langshan Area,Inner Mongolia

The Langshan area is located in the west of Inner Mongolia, southwest of the Solonker ophiolite belt, which is the ideal workplace to study tectonic-magmatic evolution and geodynamics background in Late Paleozoic because of the intense magmatism. LA-ICP-MS Zircon U-Pb ages yielded the formation time of granodiorite of Sharichulu and Moruogu granitic pluton (278.07±0.66) Ma and (278.05±0.69) Ma, respectively, forming in the latest early Permian. Geochemical characteristics showed that the Zhalashan granites were high-K calc-alkaline (SiO₂：63.76%～67.88%;K₂O：2.74%～4.02%) and weak peraluminous rocks (A/CNK：0.94～1.07) with moderate Mg# values (38.98～47.53). In addition,it exhibited LILE and LREEs enriched, HFSE and HREEs depleted with slight Eu anomaly, and all of the above-mentioned indicated the characteristics of I-type granites and arc-related. Zircon Hf isotope showed that the scatter εHf（t）values varied from -0.6～-7.5, which suggests a mixed magma source of old continental crust with a small involvement of mantle components. Together with regional geological background,the authors hold that the Latest early Permian granodiorite of Langshan area formed in an active continental margin setting under the background of southward subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean which were not close at that time.     

钻井液性能对火山碎屑岩崩解性的影响——以青海阿克楚克塞矿区火山碎屑岩为例

为解决火山碎屑岩在钻进中易剥落、易崩塌的问题,探讨钻井液性能对火山碎屑岩崩解性的影响,以青海阿克楚克塞矿区火山碎屑岩为例,分析了其岩石样品的矿物成分,进行了岩石样品烘干和浸水循环实验,采用多元线性回归分析法分析了原1^#、2^#钻井液的主要参数和耐崩解性指数之间的关系。结果表明,钻井液的动塑比、静切力、失水量和漏斗黏度4项性能指标与火山碎屑岩崩解性的相关性可达83.37%,其中动塑比对火山碎屑岩崩解性的影响尤为显著。通过调整水解聚丙烯酰胺和褐煤树脂质量分数提高了钻井液的动塑比和稳定性,从而获得优选钻井液配方：水+4%膨润土+3% Na₂CO₃+0.1% NaOH+0.15% MV-CMC（中黏钠羧甲基纤维素）+0.5% LV-CMC（低黏钠羧甲基纤维素）+2% SPNH（褐煤树脂）+0.08% PHP（水解聚丙烯酰胺）。现场应用表明,钻进至429.00 m深度时使用优选钻井液孔底沉渣厚度较1^#钻井液降低了89.7%,较2^#钻井液降低了80.3%。     

DEM investigation of installation responses of jacked open-ended piles

Acta Geotechnica - This paper presents a discrete element modelling of the installation responses of rigid open-ended piles with different diameters. A two-dimensional model of granular soil is...     

Carbon isotope characteristics,origin and distribution of the natural gases from the Tertiary salty lacustrine facies in the West Depression Region in the Qaidam Basin

Since the Meso-Cenozoic, controlled by paleoclimate, a series of fresh to brackish water basins and salt to semi-salt water basins were developed in wet climatic zones and in dry climate zones in China, respectively[1]. The geological and geochemical char…