2009年深秋北京大雪过程的成因分析

北京地区的初雪平均在11月28日前后。2009年10月31日夜间至11月1日白天北京出现雨转雨夹雪,再转大雪的天气过程。作为初雪,这是北京22年来罕见的。分析表明,这次过程降水前12和6 h华北中东部的黄河下游以北地区对流层中低层受一致的西北气流控制,前期水汽输送和积累不明显。北京地区在10月这样一个相对干燥的季节和前期水汽不充沛的环流形势下产生大雪局地暴雪,实不多见。文章利用中国气象局MICAPS常规气象资料和北京地区风廓线雷达、微波辐射仪、地面自动站等多种本地加密探测资料,对这次大雪过程进行了动力计算和成因分析。结果显示,由对流层上层贝加尔湖强冷空气向南爆发所引发的动力作用是北京这次初冬大雪形成的主要原因。大雪发生前500 hPa正涡度平流区、对流层中上层水平辐散中心、对流层中下层水平辐合中心呈垂直结构控制北京,为北京地区提供了有利的上升运动动力环境。山前和平原地区近地面东南风,边界层偏东风及边界层以上的对流层底层偏西风的风廓线分布在北京西部地形作用下产生动力抬升和局地对流,增强了北京西南部的降雪。这次北京大雪的水汽条件源于近地面偏南风和东南风的短时间局地增湿,以及这种增湿在高空强冷气团作用下产生的对流层中低层的局地水汽辐合。     

杭州市台风暴雨洪涝灾害风险区划与评价

根据1960—2009年杭州市7个县市区的台风降水资料,结合杭州市的社会经济与自然地理要素,构建一个集致灾因子、孕灾环境、承灾体及防灾能力为一体的区域台风暴雨洪涝灾害风险评价模型。通过GIS空间分析技术实现各评价指标的栅格化,并利用模糊综合评价方法。编制以100 m×100 m栅格为基本评价单元的杭州市台风暴雨洪涝灾害风险区划图。将杭州市域划分为高、次高、中等、次低和低的5级风险。区划结果表明：杭州市台风暴雨洪涝灾害风险从西南至东北呈递增趋势。萧山区、余杭市及杭州主城区等沿海平原区,风险等级相对较高;而建德市、淳安县等中西部山地丘陵区,风险等级略低。     

川滇活动地块东南边界基底结构——盐源-西昌-昭觉-马湖深地震测深剖面结果

在川滇活动地块东南边界区域完成了盐源-西昌-昭觉-马湖深地震宽角反射/折射探测剖面.利用该剖面获得的Pg初至折射波走时,采用走时特征分析、有限差分反演、时间项反演等方法,获得了沿剖面的基底P波速度结构和基底界面构造图像.结果表明,研究区基底结构呈现强烈的非均匀性,不同构造区显示出不同的地壳变形特征.盐源盆地盖层表现为推...     

Review of geology, alteration and origin of iron oxide–apatite deposits in the Cretaceous Ningwu basin, Lower Yangtze River Valley, eastern China: Implications for ore genesis and geodynamic setting

In the Cretaceous Ningwu volcano-sedimentary basin in the Yangtze River Valley metallogenic belt, eastern China, there are three areas with a dense distribution of magnetite or hematite deposits: the Meishan deposit in the north; Washan, Nanshan and Taocun deposits in the center; and the Zhongjiu and Gushan deposits in the south. The mineralization in the Ningwu basin is associated mainly with subvolcanic intrusions, consisting of gabbro–diorite porphyry and/or gabbro–diorite. Alteration zoning of these deposits is pronounced, and includes: (1) an upper light colored zone of argillic, kaolinite, silica, carbonate and pyritic alteration (2) a middle dark colored zone of diopside, fluorapatite–magnetite, phlogopite, and garnet with fluorapatite–magnetite; (3) a lower light colored zone of extensive albitic alteration. However, at the Gushan iron deposit, the lower light colored zone and the middle dark colored zone are absent, whereas the principal alteration is represented by silicification, kaolinization, and carbonatization.The iron oxide–apatite deposits in the Ningwu basin are typically magmatic–metasomatic origin and are similar to the Kiruna-type deposits in Scandinavia, particularly with respect to mineral assemblages, fabric and structure of the iron ores, occurrence of the orebodies and wall rock alteration. The iron oxide–apatite deposits of the Ningwu basin contain magnetite and/or hematite, with diopside or actinolite and apatite gangue. They were formed in a rift or extensional environment and the mineralization is associated with alkaline magmatism. The time interval between magmatism and related mineralization is very short.     

Primary species recognitionand phylogeny of Chondrus （Gigartinales, Rhodophyta） using 18S rDNA sequence data

The nuclear-encoded small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (18S rDNA) of 16 isolates of Chondrus from 8 countries were sequenced. A total of 1796 nucleotides were obtained and aligned with the phylogenetic analysis conducted. The results suggest that the entity from Dalian, China, regarded as C. sp1 is C. pinnulatus. The C. sp2 previously depicted as C. yendoi or Mazzaella japonica may belong to genus Chondrus. So, 4 Chondrus species, i.e. C. ocellatus, C. nipponicus, C. armatus, and C. pinnulatus are distributed in China. However, the entity from Connemara, Ireland, named C. crispus, is not a Chondrus species but that of Mastocarpus stellatus, although it is morphologically similar to C. crispus. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete 18S rDNA sequence data shows that genus Chondrus includes 3 main lineages: the Northern Pacific lineage, containing C. ocellatus, C. yendoi, and C. nipponicus; C. armatus, and C. pinnulatus form the sub-North Pacific lineage; and the Northern Atlantic Ocean lineage, comprising samples of C. crispus from Canada, Portugal, Ireland, Germany and France. The phylogenetic relationships indicate that genus Chondrus might have a North Pacific ancestral origin, radiated to North Atlantic area, and then formed the species C. crispus.     

Study on the “winter persistence barrier” of Indian Ocean dipole events using observation data and CMIP5 model outputs

This study investigates the persistence barrier phenomenon associated with positive Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) events during the various phases of its development. The results derived from three observational datasets (the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation, International Comprehensive Ocean–Atmosphere Data Set, and Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature) indicate that significant winter persistence barriers (WPBs) occur during IOD events, both in its growing and decaying phases. The simulation skill of the 14 models within the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 with respect to persistence barriers was also evaluated and compared with observational data. The results show that although most models were able to simulate the WPB reasonably well during the growing phase, only five models could capture the appropriate WPB during the decaying phase. Further analysis demonstrates that the zonal equatorial gradient of climatological sea surface temperature (SST) and zonal sea surface winds at the equator in the Indian Ocean are very weak in winter, which indicates that the coupling between ocean and atmosphere is weakest in winter and encourages a rapid variation of IOD events and a swift reduction of persistence, favoring the occurrence of WPBs; furthermore, a deep climatological thermocline in winter implies that the subsurface water temperature cannot influence SST readily, and the memory of the subsurface temperature cannot help SST to recover from the loss of persistence during this period, leading to the occurrence of WPBs. In addition, an analysis of the climatological conditions in the outputs from the 14 models shows that those models that can (cannot) capture the winter climatological conditions frequently simulate the WPBs appropriately (poorly). This confirms that the occurrence of the WPB for IOD events may be closely related to particular winter climatological conditions, indicating that the WPB is an inherent property of IOD events.     

Erratum to：A Case Study of the November 2012 Mixed Rain-Snow Storm over North China

正Erratum to:Acta Meteor Sinica DOI 10.1007/sl3351-013-0510-3The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake.The presentation of DOI number was incorrect.The corrected DOI number is 10.1007/sl3351-013-0512-1     

浅谈信号干扰对区域自动气象站的数据传输影响

区域自动气象站在气象监测和防灾减灾的作用日益突出,随着大量区域自动气象站的建成并投入使用,后续的维护及故障排除等成为热点问题.对区域自动气象站几例信号干扰的故障处理进行分析,找出故障的原因,并提出相应的解决办法,为区域自动气象站的稳定运行、及时维护、高效管理提供参考.     

Characterization of a bacteriocin-like substance produced from a novel isolated strain of Bacillus subtilis SLYY-3

In the present research, the strain SLYY-3 was isolated from sediments of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China. The strain SLYY-3, which produced a bacteriocin-like substance(BLS), was characterized to be a strain of Bacillus subtillis by biochemical profiling and 16 S r DNA sequence analysis. It is the first time to report that Bacillus subtilis from Jiaozhou Bay sediments could produce a BLS. The BLS of B. subtillis SLYY-3 exhibited strong inhibitory activity against gram-positive bacteria(including Staphylococcus aureus and B. subtillis) and some fungi(including Penicillium glaucum, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus). The antimicrobial activity was detected from culture in the exponential growth phase and reached its maximum when culture entered into stationary growth phase. It was thermo-tolerant even when being kept at 100℃ for 60 min without losing any activity and stable over a wide p H range from 1.0 to 12.0 while being inactivated by proteolytic enzyme and trypsin, indicating the proteinaceous nature of the BLS. The BLS was purified by precipitation with hydrochloric acid(HCl) and gel filteration(Sephadex G-100). SDS-PAGE analysis of the extracellular peptides of SLYY-3 revealed a bacteriocin-like protein with a molecular mass of 66 k Da. Altogether, these characteristics indicate the potential of the BLS for food industry as a protection against pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms.     

DXF格式数字地形图坐标转换软件开发研究

DXF格式文件是CAD图形开发中最常用的图形交换格式之一,由于其便于读写操作的特点,逐渐发展成为一种国际通用图形格式。分析研究了DXF文件中实体数据存储规则,然后选用C#语言实现了脱离CAD环境,直接操作DXF文件,从而完成图件坐标转换的功能。最后结合具体的工程实例验证了软件的正确性。