Interactions between basalts and oil source rocks in rift basins： CO2 generation

Basalts interbedded with oil source rocks are discovered frequently in rift basins of eastern China, where CO2 is found in reservoirs around or within basalts, for example in the Binnan reservoir of the Dongying Depression. In the reservoirs, CO2 with heavy carbon isotopic composition (δ13C>-10‰ PDB) is in most cases accounts for 40% of the total gas reserve, and is believed to have resulted from degassing of basaltic magma from the mantle. In their investigations of the Binnan reservoir, the authors suggested that the CO2 would result from interactions between the source rocks and basalts. As the source rocks around basalts are rich in carbonate minerals, volcanic minerals, transition metals and organic matter, during their burial history some of the transition metals were catalyzed on the thermal degradation of organic matter into hydrocarbons and on the decomposition of carbonate minerals into CO2, which was reproduced in thermal simulations of the source rocks with the transition metals (Ni and Co). This kind of CO2 accounts for 55%-85% of the total gas reserve generated in the process of thermal simulation, and its δ13C values range from -11‰- -7.2‰ PDB, which are very similar to those of CO2 found in the Binnan reservoir. The co-generation of CO2 and hydrocarbon gases makes it possible their accumulation together in one trap. In other words, if the CO2 resulted directly from degassing of basaltic magma or was derived from the mantle, it could not be accumulated with hydrocarbon gases because it came into the basin much earlier than hydrocarbon generation and much earlier than trap formation. Therefore, the source rocks around basalts generated hydrocarbons and CO2 simultaneously through catalysis of Co and Ni transition metals, which is useful for the explanation of co-accumulation of hydrocarbon gases and CO2 in rift basins in eastern China.     

豫西地区熊耳群火山岩钠长石化研究及其意义

对豫西地区熊耳群火山岩的钠长石化进行镜下观察发现:熊耳群火山岩中的长石有交代作用的痕迹,对长石的电子探针测试结果显示熊耳群中性火山岩中的长石几乎均为钠-更长石,且钠长石占绝对优势,酸性岩中均为较纯净的钠长石(~A b97),这些钠-更长石是岩石遭受普遍钠长石化的结果。通过熊耳群与后期中基性侵入体的对比,揭示熊耳群火山岩的钠长石化的形成与熊耳群的喷发近于同期,可能主要是岩浆期后蚀变作用所造成,熊耳群喷发晚期海水的灌入可能也对钠长石化有所贡献。蚀变作用导致了熊耳群火山岩碱质(N a2O K2O)偏高,其原岩可能为玄武安山岩-安山岩-英安岩-流纹岩组合。     

Sustainable Irrigation with Brackish Groundwater in Heilonggang Region, China

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MERLIN Images of Five Compact Symmetric Object Candidates at 1.6 GHz

1 INTRODUCTIONCompact Symmetric Objects (CSOs) are powerful and compact sources (overall size <1 bpc) with lobe emission on both sides of the central engine. The small size of these sourcesis almost certainly to be attributed to the youth of the sources themselves (ages < 104 yr) andnot due to a dense coallning medium (Readhead 1996). The unification scenario assumes thatCSOs evolve into compact steep spectrum (CSS) sotirces and then into Fanaroff-Riley type 11objects (Fanti 1995). …     

The Faraday rotation of sunspots

In this paper the numerical solutions of the Unno-Beckers's equations for the magneto-sensitive line Fei 5250.216 are used to demonstrate the importance and role of Faraday rotation in sunspot magnetic fields and to study the influence of this effect on the measurements of the azimuth of the transverse field. We propose a method to determine the intrinsic direction of the transverse field with the observed azimuthal angle of the plane of linear polarization.     

生物气CO2还原途径中碳同位素分馏作用研究及应用

地质历史中,CO2/H2还原产甲烷作用对生物气的形成具有十分重要的意义。中国柴达木盆地第四系生物气主要为CO2/H2还原型生物气。笔者以CO2/H2还原生气理论为指导,进行不同初始碳同位素值和不同赋存状态碳源的生物模拟实验,研究CO2/H2还原产气过程中发生的碳同位素分馏作用。实验结果表明,产物中δ13CH4值与底物的δ13C值呈很好的正相关关系;在反应母质过量的情况下,碳源的赋存状态可以影响产物甲烷的碳同位素组成。以游离形式CO2还原产生的甲烷δ13C值,相对于以HCO3-、CO23-离子形式产生的甲烷δ13C值轻。通过柴达木盆地东部第四系生物气田实例分析,探讨了该区生物气的主要底物CO2的来源及赋存状态,对评价盆地生物气资源和有利勘探区预测有重要的参考价值。     

喀左盆地九佛堂组露头高分辨率层序地层划分

在实测106 km剖面和对喀左盆地九佛堂组沉积特征及演化进行详细研究的基础上,依据相序关系,并结合碳酸钙、油页岩的成因意义,将九佛堂组划分了 1个长期基准面旋回和7个中期基准面旋回。在长期基准面旋回内,上升期的中期基准面旋回发育以上升半旋回为主的不完全对称型中期基准面旋回,上升与下降过渡期的中期基准面旋回,则发育近完全对称的中期基准面旋回,下降期的中期基准面旋回,则发育以下降半旋回为主的不完全对称型中期基准面旋回。经过对中期基准面旋回和短期基准面旋回发育特点和形成原因的详细研究,对代表剖面进行了中期基准面旋回对比。     

科氏力对河口分汊的影响

以长江口、黄河口、珠江口、闽江口等几个分汊河口为例,分析了科氏力在河口分汊中的作用。结果表明,涨落潮流路分歧主要通过形成涨落潮冲刷槽和中央缓流区浅滩而逐渐使河口产生分汊;水面横比降则以横向环流和横向切滩两种形式,或堆积或冲刷,导致河口分汊。     

不同营养条件下铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)和小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)的生长竞争行为

蓝藻的暴发通常是藻类之间竞争的结果,了解环境中蓝藻与其它藻类的竞争特点和生存策略对揭示藻华暴发的机制及治理具有重要意义。本文以营养竞争为例,以铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)和小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)为受试对象,通过测定细胞密度、胞内C、N、P、S四种主要元素含量以及培养基中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)的消耗,研究不同营养等级(超富营养、富营养、中营养、贫营养)以及单独N、P限制下两种藻在单独培养和共生培养条件下的生长特征和竞争行为。结果表明:(1)在超富营养、富营养、中营养、贫营养条件时,单独培养下的两种藻生物量与营养丰富程度呈正相关;(2)共培养条件下,在高营养水平时铜绿微囊藻在竞争中占优势,低营养水平时小球藻具有竞争优势;(3)胞内C、N、P、S的测定发现,随着营养水平的下降,两种藻胞内N、P的百分含量逐渐减少,而C、S并未呈现显著变化;(4)N限制时,铜绿微囊藻的半饱和常数Ks及最大比增长率μmax均大于小球藻;P限制条件下铜绿微囊藻的半饱和常数Ks小于小球藻,而最大比增长率μmax大于小球藻。综合分析,同一营养条件下,铜绿微囊藻竞争优势的先决因子是N,小球藻是P。因此,从营养竞争与生物适应力角度考虑,降低水体中富余的N或适当提高P的浓度可让小球藻获得竞争优势,对限制单一物种的形成具有平衡作用,可作为防治藻华的潜在方法。     

华北地区煤层渗透性及主要地质控制因素

以华北地区柳林和安阳试验区为例,综合多种统计数据和测试成果,对煤层的渗透性及主要地质控制因素进行深入研究和探讨。研究表明,控制煤层渗透性的主要地质因素为割理的发育程度,其次为有效地应力、外生裂隙和煤体结构等。而煤的变质程度及镜质组含量又制约着割理的发育。