A 3D discrete FEM iterative algorithm for solving the water pipe cooling problems of massive concrete structures

Water pipe cooling has been widely used for the temperature control and crack prevention of massive concrete structures such as high dams. Because both under‐cooling and over‐cooling may reduce the efficiency of crack prevention, or even lead to great harm to structures, we need an accurate and robust numerical tool for the prediction of cooling effect. Here, a 3D discrete FEM Iterative Algorithm is introduced, which can simulate the concrete temperature gradient near the pipes, as well as the water temperature rising along the pipes. On the basis of the heat balance between water and concrete, the whole temperature field of the problem can be computed exactly within a few iteration steps. Providing the pipe meshing tool for building the FE model, this algorithm can take account of the water pipe distribution, the variation of water flow, water temperature, and other factors, while the traditional equivalent algorithm based on semi‐theoretical solutions can only solve problems with constant water flow and water temperature. The validation and convergence are proved by comparing the simulated results and analytical solutions of two standard second‐stage cooling problems. Then, a practical concrete block with different cooling schemes is analyzed and the influences of cooling factors are investigated. In the end, detailed guidance for pipe system optimization is provided. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新疆西天山克拉克斯赛依金矿点地质特征

克拉克斯赛依金矿点处于中亚南天山锑、汞、金成矿带,距哈萨克斯坦大型的穆龙套型查尔库拉金矿床仅6km,资料显示二者成矿背景和成矿特征具有一致性。在分析克拉克斯赛依金矿点的地质背景、矿区地质、矿体地质特征的基础上,与吉尔吉斯斯坦的库姆托尔金矿床、新疆萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床两个典型穆龙套金矿床的成矿特征进行了对比分析,进而指出该金矿点的成矿类型不是热液蚀变型,且与穆龙套型相似,具有较好的穆龙套型金矿成矿和找矿潜力。     

多元素与大骨节病关系的稳定性研究

对内蒙古三个典型大骨节病区<15岁人群发中21个元素和病情进行了三年连续定期观察,统计分析结果表明:(1)病区食物对人体元素含量的影响可以分为二种情况,一是元素在食物链中含量过低,食物的变化虽可使机体该元素发生变化,但变幅甚小,致使其代谢处于缺乏状态;另一类是机体内这些元素的含量因食物的改变而发生较大变化,显示这些元素与病情无内在联系.(2)对发中硒等2l个元素与病情分别作单相关和多元逐步回归分析,结果证明,硒缺乏是导致大骨节病早期病变的基本因素,而其它元素与病情的关系具有不确定性.     

丽江7.O级地震后的思考与启示

介绍了１９９６ 年２ 月３ 日丽江７０ 级地震前出现的异常项目和计算指标以及预报预测概况。总结了这次工作中的经验和教训。     

Atypical occlusion process caused by the merger of a sea-breeze front and gust front

An atypical occlusion process that occurred in North China on 14 July 2011 is studied based on both observations and a real-data Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulation. The results show that this atypical occlusion process was significantly different from the traditional, synoptic-scale occlusion process that occurs within extratropical cyclones. It was caused by the merger of two cold-type mesoscale fronts. One of the fronts developed from the gust front of convective storms, while the other was a sea-breeze front. As the two fronts moved towards each other, the warm air between them was squeezed and separated from the surface. An atypical occluded front was formed when the two fronts merged, with the warm air forced aloft. This kind of occlusion is termed a "merger" process, different from the well-known "catch-up" and "wrap-up" processes. Moreover, local convection was found to be enhanced during the merger process, with severe convective weather produced in the merger area.     

闽西一次冰雹过程的雷达产品分析

以闽西一次典型冰雹过程为例，对这次冰雹过程的雷达基本反射率和基本速度特征进行了定性分析，对回波强度、回波顶高、强回波核高度、垂直积分液态含水量和多普勒速度等进行了定量分析。通过分析发现了一些冰雹雷达产品的重要指标和判据，这些结论在龙岩市日常的天气预报业务工作中对判断是否为冰雹回波和降雹时段、地点有很好的作用。     

钛-氨三乙酸-对氯苯基荧光酮-CTMAB四元配合物的分光光度法研究

本文研究Ti(Ⅳ)-氨三乙酸(NTA)-对氯苯基荧光酮(p-ClPF)-CTMAB四元配合物的显色条件。结果表明,在pH5.8—6.6形成了摩尔比为Ti(Ⅳ):NTA:p-ClPF:CTMAB=1:1:3:3的四元配合物,借此反应测定钛,灵敏度高,其ε_(573nm)=2.1×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。Ti(Ⅳ)浓度在0—1.4μg/10ml范围服从比耳定律。已用本法直接测定了岩矿和铝合金中的Ti,结果满意。     

坝上草原相关花粉源范围与相对花粉产量估算

基于坝上草原地区30个采样点表土花粉分析和植被调查的研究结果显示, 花粉组合以蒿属、藜科、禾本科、菊科和莎草科等草本植物为主, 基本能够反映草原植被特征, 但花粉百分比与其在植被中盖度差异明显。运用Extended R-Value(ERV)模型估算的坝上草原区相关花粉源范围大致为2100m, 当风速大于3.5m/s时, 基本稳定, 受风速影响不大。估算的相对花粉产量结果显示, 蒿属和藜科的相对花粉产量最高, 为禾本科的20倍左右; 其次为莎草科和菊科, 为禾本科的7~9倍; 百合科略高于禾本科; 旋花科、豆科、唇形科及委陵菜属的相对花粉产量则明显低于禾本科。利用相对花粉产量对花粉与植被关系的校正结果表明: 蒿属、藜科的校正效果明显, 其相对花粉产量可以作为定量重建古植被的参考; 莎草科、菊科、百合科和唇形科由于受植被和花粉数据梯度限制, 其相对花粉产量能否用于植被与花粉关系的校正有待通过更多植被群落调查进一步证实;其他花粉类型由于在花粉组合中含量多低于5 %, 所以在校正花粉与植被关系时的作用不明显。     

蔚县盆地中更新世哺乳动物化石新发现

1 研究目的(Objective) 蔚县盆地为典型的冀西北山间盆地,与阳原盆地仅一山之隔,二者共同组成了广义的"泥河湾盆地",盆地内广泛出露中更新统郝家台组(Qp2h)河-湖相沉积物.相比阳原盆地,蔚县盆地古生物化石研究程度较低.20世纪80年代,盆地北部(大南沟一带)出土具有上新世—早更新世面貌的小型哺乳动物化石,近...