Electron Probe Microanalysis of Bromine in Minerals and Glasses with Correction for Spectral Interference from Aluminium,and Comparison with Microbeam Synchrotron X‐Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

The strong spectral interference between Br‐ and Al‐induced X‐ray lines hampers the utilisation of electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) for measuring Br mass fractions in Al‐bearing minerals and glasses. Through measuring Br‐free Al‐bearing materials, we established an EPMA method to quantify the overlap from AlKα on BrLβ, which can be expressed as a linear function of the Al₂O₃ content. The count rate of the BrLβ peak signal was enhanced by high beam currents and long measurement times. Application of this EPMA method to Al‐ and Br‐bearing materials, such as sodalite and scapolite, and to five experimental glasses yielded Br mass fractions (in the range of 250–4000 μg g^?1) that are consistent with those measured by microbeam synchrotron X‐ray fluorescence (μ‐SXRF) spectrometry. The EPMA method has an estimated detection limit of ~ 100–300 μg g^?1. We propose that this method is useful for measuring Br mass fractions (hundreds to thousands of μg g^?1) in Al‐bearing minerals and glasses, including those produced in Br‐doped experiments. In addition, the natural marialitic scapolite (ON70) from Mpwapwa (Tanzania) containing homogeneously distributed high mass fractions of Br (2058 ± 56 μg g^?1) and Cl (1.98 ± 0.03% m/m) is an ideal reference material for future in situ analyses.     

电子信息化技术在地方资源介绍方面的应用

本文通过对灵宝市矿产资源电子信息化实施的工程实例 ,详细阐述了这种技术方法在介绍地方部门资源方面的优势 ,以及运用它所必须的软件、硬件环境等和实施这种技术的方法。     

大型直流电压发生器塔架结构地震响应分析

本文以某一大型直流电压发生器塔架结构为例,建立有限元计算模型,采用调幅正弦五波、Taft地震波、El-Centro地震波、云南澜沧地震波和正弦三波5种地震动输入,通过数值计算,讨论了不同输入地震波对于结构抗震设计的影响。结果表明,地震作用效应在这类特种结构的组合响应中起重要影响,采用调幅正弦五波、正弦三波作为地震输入,过分夸大了实际的地震作用效应。最后,对这类特种结构的输入地震动提出了相应建议。     

渤海海域古近系湖盆边缘构造样式及其对沉积层序的控制作用

陆相断陷湖盆边缘构造带是湖盆的重要组成部分,它们通常紧邻生油中心,是陆相断陷湖盆的油气主要富集带之一。渤海海域古近系湖盆边缘构造样式可划分为伸展型湖盆边缘和走滑型湖盆边缘两大类,伸展型湖盆边缘又可划分为陡坡断裂型湖盆边缘、缓坡断裂型湖盆边缘、简单缓坡带型湖盆边缘和轴向斜坡型湖盆边缘。伸展型湖盆边缘在全区各大凹陷均可见,走滑型湖盆边缘仅发育在盆地的东部地区,主要受郯庐断裂带的控制。不同类型湖盆边缘的构造活动方式和构造演化过程各不相同,因而其所形成的地貌形态有较大的差别,可容空间和沉积基准面的变化各具特色,从而导致不同构造样式的湖盆边缘具有不同的沉积层序构成模式。湖盆边缘构造样式对层序构成的控制作用的分析对储集层预测和岩性圈闭预测具有重要的指导意义。     

Interactive remote computations for retaining wall design and risk assessment

Remote computation as well as remote design is a hot topic nowadays and becoming popular and also more diversified in use in the recent years. This study applies the retaining wall design as an example to construct a mechanism for complicated computation in civil engineering directly in a network server for risk assessment, so that a user can easily carry out the computation analysis with any available device via internet by using a personal computer or mobile device. To develop a convenient as well as time-saving operating environment for the remote analysis, an effective interactive interface is also developed. In the retaining wall design, this study provides users with the Rankine method, Coulomb method, and theory of plasticity to perform the objective analysis. The automatic checking system of the program will validate the computation results, under this circumstance, users need not worry about whether their input data and calculated results are consistent with practical standards and regulations or not. Various factors of safety, for risk assessment, resulting from the three kinds of computational methods are compared to verify whether there is any significant difference among them while designing a safe retaining wall overall.     

Near-source noise suppression of AMT by compressive sensing and mathematical morphology filtering

In deep mineral exploration, the acquisition of audio magnetotelluric (AMT) data is severely affected by ambient noise near the observation sites; This near-field noise restricts investigation depths. Mathematical morphological filtering (MMF) proved effective in suppressing large-scale strong and variably shaped noise, typically low-frequency noise, but can not deal with pulse noise of AMT data. We combine compressive sensing and MMF. First, we use MMF to suppress the large-scale strong ambient noise; second, we use the improved orthogonal match pursuit (IOMP) algorithm to remove the residual pulse noise. To remove the noise and protect the useful AMT signal, a redundant dictionary that matches with spikes and is insensitive to the useful signal is designed. Synthetic and field data from the Luzong field suggest that the proposed method suppresses the near-source noise and preserves the signal well; thus, better results are obtained that improve the output of either MMF or IOMP.     

基于MODIS数据的西藏干旱自动监测系统实现的关键技术研究

干旱是一种危害较大的自然灾害, 影响范围大、持续时间长. 随着经济发展和人口的增加, 水资源短缺现象日益严重, 这也导致了干旱范围的扩大和干旱化程度加重. 为降低业务人员负担, 提高业务工作效率, 探讨了基于MODIS遥感数据的西藏干旱监测系统实现的关键技术. 首先, 阐述了MODIS 轨道数据快速投影处理的正向投影处理技术原理, 然后分析了温度植被干旱指数算法(TVDI)及其实现, 最后, 将干旱监测方法集成到业务系统软件, 最终实现西藏全区的干旱遥感监测业务工作. 通过与传统手工干旱监测方法进行对比, 发现干旱自动监测系统具有速度快、自动化等优点, 具有十分重要的实践意义.     

尺度政治视角下的新安江流域生态补偿政府主体博弈

流域生态补偿是中国跨区域生态治理和自然区域保护的一项重要经济、社会、环境政策,涉及区域利益主体权益差异与协调、区域生态协同发展和合作模式构建等方面,是一个典型的地理学研究命题。本文将制度粘性引入到尺度政治理论中,剖析新安江流域生态补偿政府主体的博弈行为,探究不同政府主体的博弈特征和博弈机制。结果表明:中央政府、省级政府、市级政府等不同层级政府主体经历了竞争博弈、合作博弈和竞合博弈3个阶段,构建政府利益共同体能够推进流域生态补偿建设,中央政府的“适度介入”是开展跨省流域生态补偿的关键;流域生态补偿制度从“垂直”模式向“垂直—水平”模式的变迁过程中存在明显的制度粘性,政府主体利用政策革新和社会参与等制度约束稀释制度粘性,重塑流域生态补偿制度;尺度转换是推动新安江流域生态补偿的核心机制,政府主体通过重新分配权力和资本、嵌入非正式约束塑造流域生态补偿话语体系,推动新安江流域生态补偿由“强国家—弱社会”向“强国家—强社会”结构模式的转变。研究结果能够为构建跨区域流域生态补偿机制提供理论支撑,为合理评价和指导流域生态补偿实践、促进流域经济社会协调可持续发展提供科学依据。     

基于分层模式的随钻地震数据处理软件系统体系结构研究

针对目前国内随钻地震数据处理技术研究的需求,提出了基于分层模式的随钻地震资料处理集成平台体系结构,依次针对框架内的数据存储和服务层、应用服务层、执行控制层和用户界面层等每层的主要功能进行了界定和说明,并给出系统实现。该系统集资料处理、数据管理、可视化于一体,既满足常规室内资料处理的需求,也适用于钻井现场的实时处理,对现场监控钻探过程,及时调整施工方案具有意义。     

A support vector machine classifier based on a new kernel function model for hyperspectral data

The kernel function is a key factor to determine the performance of a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Choosing and constructing appropriate kernel function models has been a hot topic in SVM studies. But so far, its implementation can only rely on the experience and the specific sample characteristics without a unified pattern. Thus, this article explored the related theories and research findings of kernel functions, analyzed the classification characteristics of EO-1 Hyperion hyperspectral imagery, and combined a polynomial kernel function with a radial basis kernel function to form a new kernel function model (PRBF). Then, a hyperspectral remote sensing imagery classifier was constructed based on the PRBF model, and a genetic algorithm (GA) was used to optimize the SVM parameters. On the basis of theoretical analysis, this article completed object classification experiments on the Hyperion hyperspectral imagery of experimental areas and verified the high classification accuracy of the model. The experimental results show that the effect of hyperspectral image classification based on this PRBF model is apparently better than the model established by a single global or local kernel function and thus can greatly improve the accuracy of object identification and classification. The highest overall classification accuracy and kappa coefficient reached 93.246% and 0.907, respectively, in all experiments.