类脂化合物单体碳稳定同位素在古气候环境研究中的意义

类脂化合物极大地扩展了全球变化研究的深度，尤其是单体碳稳定同位素技术在古气候、古环境重建上有着重要作用。基于近些年来国内外的最新研究成果，就类脂化合物单体碳同位素在古气候环境方面的应用研究进行了较为全面的评述。已有研究表明利用类脂化合物单体碳同位素组成可以追溯到海洋和湖泊环境中陆源有机质的物源，其母源区历史时期 C3、C4植被的变迁以及区域性的古气候、古环境重建。     

VBA的开发

介绍了能够加强Ms Office功能的二次开发工具VBA语言，以及VBA的特点与优点；介绍了在Visul Basic中利用VBA的强大功能来实现具有Office界面、功能的方法。     

GPS观测在气象中的应用

简述了GPS的组成及发展概况，以及如何利用地面GPS观测探测大气可降水汽量（PWV），从而可以得到高精度，几乎连续和实时的水汽序列，骤报降水量以及监测恶劣天气，为天气预报和气候分析作出贡献。     

中下扬子区二叠系露头层序地层研究

按新近国际年代地层划分方案（ICS，2000），下扬子区二叠纪地层自下向上分为3统，9阶和相对应的华南传统6阶划分。二叠系从阿瑟尔阶至长兴阶（44Ma)共划分出14个三级层序，每个三级层序平均时限约为3.14Ma，其中“紫松阶”）相当阿瑟尔＋2／3萨克马尔阶）1个（船山组中上部）、“隆林阶、（相当1／3萨克马尔阶＋阿丁斯克阶）2个（分别对应船山组上部和梁山组或镇江组）、“栖霞阶”（相当库班甘德阶＋1／3罗德阶）3个（栖霞组），“茅口阶”（相当于2／3罗德阶＋沃德阶＋卡皮丹阶）4个（孤峰组，茅口组，堰桥组，银屏组和武穴组），吴家坪阶2个（龙潭组或吴家坪组），长兴阶2个（长兴组或大隆组）；共归并为4个层序组（sequence set)。     

Optimal design of passive energy dissipation systems based on H∞ and H2 performances

Passive energy dissipation devices (EDDs), such as viscous dampers, viscoelastic dampers, etc., have been used to effectively reduce the dynamic response of civil infrastructures, such as buildings and bridges, subject to earthquakes and strong winds. The design of these passive energy dissipation devices (EDDs) involves the determination of the optimal locations and the corresponding capacities. In this paper, we present two optimal design methodologies for passive EDDs based on active control theories, including H_∞ and H₂ performances, respectively. The optimal design methodologies presented are capable of determining the optimal locations and the corresponding capacities of EDDs. Emphasis is placed on the application of linear matrix inequality (LMI) for the effective design of passive EDDs using the popular MATLAB toolboxes. One important advantage of the proposed approaches is that the computation of the structural response is not needed in the design process. The proposed optimal design methodologies have been applied to: (i) a 10‐storey building and a 24‐storey building both subject to earthquake excitations, and (ii) a 76‐storey wind‐excited benchmark building, to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed design methodologies over the conventional equal capacity design. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

纤维素接枝丙烯酰胺/高岭土高吸水性复合材料研究

在高岭土的存在下，以N，N－亚甲基双丙烯酰胺作交联剂，以硝酸铈铵为引发剂微晶纤维素与丙烯酰胺进行接枝共聚反应，合成接枝纤维素／高岭土高吸水性复合材料。研究了纤维素与单体的配比、高岭土添加量、交联剂用量、引发剂用量及反应温度对吸水率的影响。用红外光谱表征复合材料的结构，用电子显微镜观察复合材料的表面与界面。结果表明，高岭土在接枝聚合物中能较好分散，复合材料吸水率达1166，对生理盐水溶液的吸水率达86。     

中国科学院固体地球科学知识创新工程现状与发展态势

回顾了中国科学院国家知识创新试点工程实施以来特别是启动阶段3年里固体地球科学知识创新工程试点各项工作的进展情况，包括项目与经费、创新成果、人才吸引、科研竞争力提升、院地合作推进等方面，分析和总结了中国科学院固体地球科学知识创新工程现状，并展望了固体地球科学知识创新工程若干重要发展态势。     

A multi-scale study on land use and land cover quality change: The case of the Yellow River Delta in China

This paper presents a case study of the Yellow River Delta in China, to trace land use and land cover changes during the past 20 years, with an emphasis on land quality changes. Three sets of data are used in this case study: remote sensing data derived from satellite images; crop yield data from statistics; and soil data collected by the researchers in the field. Our study reveals that at the regional scale, LUCC has taken place in a positive direction: vegetation cover has been expanding and crop yields per hectare have been on rise. However, while the overall eco-environment has improved, the improvement is uneven across the Delta region. At local levels, some areas show signs of increased salinization and declining organic content. Both natural forces and human activities are responsible for the LUCC, but human activities play a more important role. While some impacts of human activities are positive, the damages are often long-lasting and irreversible. We also conclude that it is necessary to use both macro data (such as remote sensing data) and micro data (data collected in the field) to study land quality change. The former are efficient in examining land quality changes at the regional scale, the latter can serve to verify ground patterns revealed from macro data and help to identify local variations, so as to get a comprehensive understanding of LUCC and promote sustainable land use and land management. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Division of Gas Accumulation System and Laws Controlling Distribution of Natural Gas in Typical Petroliferous Basins of China

Considering the existing problems of the petroleum system, this paper brings forward the concept of natural gas accumulation system and presents the dividing principles. Then detailed statistics on the accumulation factors of the 32 typical natural gas accumulation systems in China and studies on the laws controlling distribution of gas are collected. The research shows that the petroleum accumulation system is the basic unit controlling petroleum generation, migration and accumulation. Generating intensity, generating amount, accumulating efficiency and migration distance plays an important role in the distribution of natural gas. Through analysis on results of resources evaluation, discovered reserves and residual reserves, potential areas in middle-scaled petroliferous basins in China are forecasted in this paper. Ordos, Sichuan, Tarim and Qaidam basins are found out to be the main basins developing and enriching gas accumulation systems.     

Physical properties of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks from the Sulu terrain, eastern central China: implications for the seismic structure at the Donghai (CCSD) drilling site

About 30 samples representing major lithologies of Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks were collected from surface exposures and exploration wells, and compressional (Vp) and shear wave (Vs) velocities and their directional dependence (anisotropy) were determined over a range of constant confining pressures up to 600 MPa and temperatures ranging from 20 to 600 °C. Samples range in composition from acidic to ultramafic. P- and S-wave velocities measured at 600 MPa vary from 5.08 to 8.64 km/s and 2.34 to 4.93 km/s, respectively. Densities are in the range from 2.60 to 3.68 g/cm³. To make a direct tie between seismic measurements (refraction and reflection) and subsurface lithologies, the experimental velocity data (corresponding to shallow depths) were used to calculate velocity profiles for the different lithologies and profiles of reflection coefficients at possible lithologic interfaces across the projected 5000-m Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Program (CCSD) crustal segment. Comparison of calculated in situ velocities with respective intrinsic velocities suggests that the in situ velocities at shallow depths are lowered by an increased abundance of open microcracks. The strongly reflective zone beneath the Donghai drill site can be explained by the impedance contrasts between the different lithologies. Contacts between eclogite/peridotite and felsic rocks (gt-gneiss, granitic gneiss), in particular, may give rise to strong seismic reflections. In addition, shear-induced (lattice preferred orientation (LPO)-related) seismic anisotropy can increase reflectivity. For the explanation of the high velocity bodies (>6.4 km/s) around 1000 m and below 3200-m depth, large proportions of eclogite/peridotite (about 40 and 30 vol.%, respectively) are needed.