烟台市1∶500地形数据整合方法初探

为从源头彻底摆脱传统测绘生产过程中图属分离、图库分离的弊端,该文以烟台市1∶500地形数据整合为例,统筹现有地图制图规范与G1S建库需求,在统一制定数据标准的基础上,基于EPS2008软件,提出了一套制图与建库一体化数据整合技术流程,较好地解决了地图与空间数据相互表达的问题,实现了制图与建库的一体化管理。该方法还大大降低了数据重复处理的劳动强度,提高了数据整合转换的准确性和合理性,减少了信息丢失。     

多边形自动构面算法的实现与优化

多边形自动构建是空间拓扑关系建立的难点和重点,效率受到多方面因素制约。在分析基于最小角法则的多边形自动搜索算法的基础上,在关联线段、有效多边形、相同线段的筛选等方面进行了改进,优化了多边形搜索、重复多边形筛选以及特殊多变形处理等算法,解决了重复搜索、多边形筛选耗时过长、特殊多边形(桥连多边形)的错误等问题,整体上较大地提高了多边形自动构面的效率,并在房产测绘的实际应用中得到验证。     

Effect of drying environment on engineering properties of an expansive soil and its microstructure

This paper investigates the effect of drying environment, i.e. temperature and relative humidity, on the engineering properties and microscopic pore size distribution of an expansive soil. The shrinkage tests under different drying temperatures and relative humidity are carried out in a constant climate chamber. Then, the undisturbed samples, prepared in different drying environment, are used for the triaxial tests and mercury intrusion tests. It is found that the drying environment has noticeable influence on the engineering properties of expansive soils and it can be characterized by the drying rate. The linear shrinkage and strength increase with the decrease of the drying rate. The non-uniform deformation tends to happen in the high drying rate, which subsequently furthers the development of cracks. In addition, during the drying process, the variation of pores mainly focuses on the inter-aggregate pores and inter-particle pores. The lower drying rate leads to larger variation of pore size distribution.     

Semi‐active tuned mass damper building systems: Application

Seismic performance attributes of multi‐story passive and semi‐active tuned mass damper (PTMD and SATMD) building systems are investigated for 12‐story moment resisting frames modeled as ‘10+2’ stories and ‘8+4’ stories. Segmented upper portion of the stories are isolated as a tuned mass, and a passive viscous damper or semi‐active resetable device is adopted as energy dissipation strategy. The semi‐active approach uses feedback control to alter or manipulate the reaction forces, effectively re‐tuning the system depending on the structural response. Optimum tuned mass damper control parameters and appropriate matching SATMD configurations are adopted from a companion study on a simplified two‐degree‐of‐freedom system. Statistical performance metrics are presented for 30 probabilistically scaled earthquake records from the SAC project. Time history analyses are used to compute response reduction factors across a wide range of seismic hazard intensities. Results show that large SATMD systems can effectively manage seismic response for multi‐degree‐of freedom systems across a broad range of ground motions in comparison to passive solutions. Specific results include the identification of differences in the mechanisms by which SATMD and PTMD systems remove energy, based on the differences in the devices used. Additionally, variability is seen to be tighter for the SATMD systems across the suites of ground motions used, indicating a more robust control system. While the overall efficacy of the concept is shown the major issues, such as isolation layer displacement, are discussed in detail not available in simplified spectral analyses, providing further insight into the dynamics of these issues for these systems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Micro‐geomorphology determines community structure of biological soil crusts at small scales

Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are ubiquitous communities of diminutive organisms such as cyanobacteria, green algae, lichens, mosses and others associated closely with particles of surface soil, forming a cohesive thin horizontal layer. The ecological roles of BSCs affecting soil nutrient cycling, stability and hydrological processes, influencing the germination and establishment of vascular plants, and serving as habitats for numerous arthropods and microorganism have been well documented. We tested the hypothesis that micro‐geomorphological features determine the spatial distribution of BSCs by reallocating related abiotic resources at small‐ and medium‐scales in the Tengger Desert. Our results showed that higher soil pH and higher total potassium content in topsoil positively correlated with the colonization of cyanobacteria and algae in the earliest successional stages of BSCs, while increasing dust deposition onto the topsoil enhanced the development of lichen and mosses in the later stages of BSCs. Increasing soil moisture raised the proportion of mosses and lichen in BSCs, this will possibly change the ecological functions of BSCs, such as nitrogen‐fixation by cyanobacteria, due to the conversion from a complex to relative simple type of BSC. Micro‐geomorphology has created various habitats at a small‐scale affecting colonization and development of cryptogams. This paper considers the contribution of micro‐geomorphology to biodiversity in the extreme arid desert systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

构造应力场三维数值模拟的有限单元法

目前构造应力场的研究主要是基于平面的二维分析,随着油气成藏过程三维模拟的发展,应力场的三维数值模拟显得越来越重要.从三维空间角度出发,分析了应力场的有限元模拟与求解的整个过程.基于不规则六面体单元的角点网格数据模型,对有限元求解法进行了分析与研究并提出计算方法.基于不规则角点网格数据模型的三维构造应力场有限元计算方法是本文的创新点.最后用上述方法对东营凹陷的牛庄-王家岗区域三维应力场进行了实际模拟计算,计算结果相比于其他数据模型更符合实际情况.      

樟子松固沙林带间植被恢复及其对林草界面作用的响应

调查了海拉尔市巴音岱林场不同分布格局、不同带间距的人工樟子松林带内植被恢复过程及物种多样性的差异,分析了林草界面生态学效应,研究了林草界面对带间植被自然恢复的作用。结果表明,宽的带间距带内物种多样性和生物量变化曲线出现了两个高峰,而窄的带间距带内只有一个高峰,说明该地区林带之间距离不应小于12 m;当林带之间距离为16~28 m时草本物种多样性出现最大值。植被恢复效果表现为带间距12 m差于带间距24 m,虽然都差于天然植被,但边际效应大大地加速了群落演替的进程。研究区樟子松林草界面边缘效应影响域为20 m, 其小尺度范围内生境异质性也很明显。行带式造林带间距离不应大于40 m,超出边缘效应影响域不利于带间植被恢复。     

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???????????????????ü????????????????GPS????????λ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Improved??GRACE?????????????????????????????????????????????1????300?????????350 km???????????????????????3.993??10 ^-1 m??????300 km??250 km???????????????????8.770????77.145????????400 km??450 km??????????????????8.718????75.307????2??????50 km???????????????????????3.993??10^-1 m??????110 km??220 km??????????????????1.259????1.395????3????????????Improved??GRACE????????????????????????????????350 km??50 km?????     

矢量地图空间信息度量及其变化分析方法

如何计算地图的空间信息含量是评价制图质量、地图综合算法以及实现空间信息有效传输的重要基础。论文在详细分析现有的空间信息度量方法的基础上,提出了一种空间信息度量的新方法。该方法分别从几何、专题、拓扑以及专题拓扑4个方面来度量地图空间信息。然后,提出利用膨胀和序贯膨胀形态学算子分析几何信息熵、专题信息熵、拓扑信息熵以及专题拓扑信息熵随地图符号影响范围不同而引起的变化。通过算例分析发现,利用Voronoi图计算得到的结果是论文方法的一个极值结果(即特例),并且该方法便于定量分析地图空间信息熵度量随符号影响范围(或大小)的变化情况。