Subglacial Meltwater Recharge in the Dongkemadi River Basin,Yangtze River Source Region

Glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau play an important role in the local hydrological cycle. However, there are only few studies on groundwater in the alpine basins in the Tibetan Plateau which considered the effects of glaciers. Glaciers are extensively distributed in the Dongkemadi River Basin, which is a representative alpine basin in the Yangtze River source region. This study focuses on building a numerical groundwater flow model with glaciations using HydroGeoSphere (HGS) to simulate subglacial meltwater recharge to groundwater in the Dongkemadi River Basin in response to future climate changes. Effects of hydraulic conductivity, precipitation, and temperature on subglacial meltwater recharge to groundwater were discussed. Glacier changes in the future 50 years were predicted under different climate change scenarios. Results show that: (1) the average thickness of the glacier will change significantly; (2) the simulated rate of annual mean subglacial meltwater recharge to groundwater is 4.58 mm, which accounts for 6.33% of total groundwater recharge; and (3) hydraulic conductivity has the largest influence on subglacial meltwater recharge to groundwater, followed by temperature and precipitation. Results of this study are also important to sustainable water resource usage in the Yangtze River source region.     

Excessive greenhouse gas emissions from wastewater treatment plants by using the chemical oxygen demand standard

Chemical oxygen demand(COD)is widely used as an organic pollution indicator in wastewater treatment plants.Large amounts of organic matter are removed during treatment processes to meet environmental standards,and consequently,substantial greenhouse gases(GHGs)such as methane(CH₄)are released.However,the COD indicator covers a great amount of refractory organic matter that is not a pollutant and could be a potential carbon sink.Here,we collected and analysed COD data from 86 worldwide municipal wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)and applied a model published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to estimate the emission of CH₄ due to recalcitrant organic compound processing in China’s municipal wastewater treatment systems.Our results showed that the average contribution of refractory COD to total COD removal was55%in 86 WWTPs.The amount of CH₄ released from the treatment of recalcitrant organic matter in 2018 could have been as high as 38.22 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent,which amounts to the annual carbon sequestered by China’s wetlands.This suggests that the use of COD as an indicator for organic pollution is undue and needs to be revised to reduce the emission of GHG.In fact,leaving nontoxic recalcitrant organic matter in the wastewater may create a significant carbon sink and will save energy during the treatment process,aiming at carbon neutrality in the wastewater treatment industry.     

Mechanisms and climatic-ecological effects of the Great Oxidation Event in the early Proterozoic

Science China Earth Sciences - This paper briefly introduces the conception and research history of the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) in the early Paleoproterozoic and summarizes the primary...     

AHDEB油田白垩系油藏油气充注期次的流体包裹体证据

伊拉克AHDEB油田油藏成藏规律对油田后期开发具有重要意义, 与埋藏史相结合的流体包裹体研究是揭示油藏油气成藏期次和时间的有效手段.利用伊拉克AHDEB油田白垩系油藏储层样品对流体包裹体特征进行了分析, 并且通过流体包裹体的显微观察、荧光颜色、单一包裹体的红外光谱和均一温度测定, 结合地质背景对该油田的油充注期次进行了研究.研究表明, 油包裹体以发绿色和黄绿色荧光为主, 少数发浅黄色和黄褐色荧光.油包裹体的显微傅立叶红外光谱测定结果计算的CH_2a/CH_3a、X_inc、X_std可划分油的成熟度, 表明存在两种成熟度的油.最后, 根据均一温度测定结果, 结合埋藏史和热史, 认为该油田可能存在4期油充注成藏相关的流体活动: 第1成藏期发生在95.0~96.5Ma, 相当于晚白垩世早期; 第2成藏期为71.0~78.5Ma, 相当于晚白垩世晚期, 第1期和第2期烃源岩排烃规模小, 产生中-重质油, 后期遭受氧化而形成沥青; 第3成藏期发生在14.0~15.0Ma, 相当于中中新世, 处于生排烃高峰期, 为主要成藏期; 第4期发生在10.0Ma左右, 与第3期为多幕连续充注.      

测老庙坳陷早白垩世巴音戈壁组叠锥构造特征及其环境解释

为了全面了解测老庙坳陷早白垩世叠锥构造的沉积特征,并探讨其成因及形成环境等问题,运用野外露头实测、光薄片观察、X射线衍射分析、阴极发光照相、扫描电镜照相等方法,发现叠锥构造发育于钙质结核外侧,覆盖所有方向,呈放射状,直圆锥锥顶指向结核中心;叠锥矿物成分主要为纤维状低镁方解石,纤维状方解石呈锥形套叠,具波状消光;阴极发光显微镜下呈均一的棕红色,不具微量元素分异和析出的成岩色带;叠锥结核的发育规模明显受制于原生沉积环境.结果表明叠锥结核的发育具有明显的阶段性;其发育的原生沉积环境应为水深在5~30 m、水体能量较高的滨浅湖沉积环境.推测叠锥构造的形成可能是同沉积期生物沉积作用和胶结作用,以及后期上覆岩层静压力共同作用的结果.      

沙漠/黄土过渡带杨桥畔全新世地层微量元素特征及其所揭示的古气候变化

通过对沙漠-黄土过渡带杨桥畔全新世地层中20种微量元素的地球化学特征分析,结合年代学资料,探讨了该地区13.0ka B.P.以来的气候环境变化过程。研究表明,微量元素地层分布规律明显,化学成分具有很高地一致性,Cr、Cs、Co、Cu、Mn与I可作为衡量东亚夏季风强度的古气候替代性指标。根据主要微量元素演替所揭示的古气候变化特征,将该地区气候变化可划分为5个阶段:13.0~11.7ka B.P.气候干燥寒冷;11.7~10.0ka B.P.气候略温偏干;10.0~6.4ka B.P.气候温暖湿润;6.4~1.60ka B.P.偏冷干气候恶化期;1.6ka B.P.以来气候继续朝冷干方向发展,并且冷暖干湿交替频繁。通过与黄土、石笋等记录变化对比,发现杨桥畔地区全新世气候演化过程与全球气候环境的变化基本一致。     

浅谈水文地质参数的计算与应用

结合多个场地的抽水试验和室内试验资料,分析评价了工程勘察中不同水文地质参数的应用范围及在参数求取过程中应注意的问题,根据实测数据得出野外抽水试验渗透系数是室内渗透试验所测得的10~14倍,影响半径约为裘布依影响半径的5.8~17.7倍;分析了产生这种情况的原因,指出在工程实践中应根据不同的要求选取不同方法计算得出的水文地质参数;针对导水系数、释水系数及给水度在计算及应用过程中应注意的问题进行了评述。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987114000668

Microbial diversity in the hydrate-containing (sites SH3B and SH7B) and-free (sites SH1B, SH5B, SH5C) sediments collected from the Shenhu area of the South China Sea (SCS) was investigated using 16S rR...     

基于嫦娥二号CCD数据的核线影像生成方法

对于缺少嫦娥二号激光数据问题,本文提出了基于RPC有理多项式系数(Rational Polynomial Coefficient)的嫦娥二号CCD影像的核线影像生成方法.它利用了嫦娥一号激光高度数据与嫦娥二号CCD影像控制点相结合的方法生成月面控制点,通过月面控制点建立正确的校正公式,获得分辨率较高的正射影像图,并在此基础上提取核线影像.