白令海和楚科奇海总好气异养细菌丰度和对温度的适应性

用平皿培养计数法测定了白令海和楚科奇海测区水和沉积物中的总好气异养细菌(GAB)的丰度 ,并进行了比较。分析了不同海区、测点、不同层次沉积物中GAB丰度及在不同温度中的适应性。结果表明 ,水中GAB检出率大于沉积物 ,但丰度仅为后者的 0 .0 7% ;表层沉积物中GAB检出率高于其它层次 ;白令海GAB检出率、丰度及变幅均高于楚科奇海。所有站点沉积物中GAB含量平均约为 31 66.3× 1 0 2 CFU·g- 1 (湿 ) ;沉积物GAB丰度大致显出低纬度区大于高纬度区之势。温度试验结果表明所试GAB中多数为适冷菌 ,少数可能为中温菌 ,显示出北极海洋细菌对温度有较强的适应性     

2001年7月下旬河南连续性强降水中期天气特征

从大尺度环流形势场、西风环流指数、阻塞高压、副热带高压和南亚高压等方面 ,对 2 0 0 1年汛期强降水多发时段的中期天气特征进行了分析 ,结果表明 :①极涡由一个中心分裂为多个中心 ,北半球极涡呈偶极型或多极型 ,其中有一较强中心位于东半球偏于亚洲一侧 ;②亚欧中高纬环流形势为两脊一槽型 ,亚洲中部为一低压槽 ;③连续性强降水发生在西风环流指数由峰值向谷点过度的过程中 ;④鄂霍次克海阻塞高压的建立是造成我省连续性强降水的关键 ;⑤西太平洋副热带高压在短时间内迅速西伸北跳 ,14 0°E副高脊线位置位于 30°N附近并稳定 ;⑥10 0hPa南亚高压脊线北跳至 33°N以北 ,且中心位置自西向东震荡并稳定于 90°E以东地区     

Erosion environment in the sediment-rich area on the Loess Plateau

Based on the investigation and analysis of characteristics of precipitation, natural environment, socio-economic factors and soil erosion, this paper indicates that the precipitation is the main driving force for the soil erosion in the sediment-rich area, its variability determines the characteristics of soil and water loss; the natural conditions such as the drainage systems, geological and topographic features, the composition of soil and land surface materials, vegetation and climate determine the seriousness of soil and water loss; irrational socio-economic activities of human beings usually accelerated soil and water loss; meanwhile, the low preservation rate and inferiority of soil and water conservation measures made it impossible to make rapid progress on soil and water loss control. Furthermore, the characteristics of erosion environment endowed this area with more sediment that is the main reason for the flooding disasters by the Yellow River. Therefore, more emphasis should be placed on the enhancement of soil and water conservation. The soil loss prediction models will provide scientific basis for the planning of soil and water conservation, the designing of soil and water conservation measures and the valuation of effects of soil and water loss control. According to the analysis of the previous studies on soil loss prediction, and the water-sediment variation features, it is thought that study on soil loss prediction under various rainfall conditions and soil-water conservation measures should be carried out.     

Climate variation since the Last Interglaciation recorded in the Guliya ice core

The climatic and environmental variations since the Last Interglaciation are reconstructed based on the study of the upper 268 m of the 309-m-long Guliya ice core. Five stages can be distinguished since the Last Interglaciation from the δ¹⁸O record in the Guliya ice core: Stage 1 (Deglaciation), Stage2 (the Last Glacial Maximum), Stage 3 (interstadial), Stage 4 (interstadial in the early glacial maximum) and Stage 5 (the Last Interglaciation). Stage 5 can be divided further into 5 substages; a, b, c, d, e. The δ¹⁸O record in the Guliya ice core indicates clearly the close correlation between the temperature variation on the Tibetan Plateau and the solar activities. The study indicates that the solar activity is a main forcing to the climatic variation on the Tibetan Plateau. Through a comparison of the ice core record in Guliya with that in the Greenland and the Antarctic, it can be found that the variation of large temperature variation events in different parts of the world is generally the same, but the variation amplitude of temperature is different. Project supported by thc Climbing Program of the State Eighth Five-Year Plan and the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

近2000年来气候环境变化的冰芯记录研究

文章通过对古里雅冰芯中δ１８Ｏ、冰川积累量和Ｃａ等指标的研究，恢复了过去近２０００ａ来气候环境的变化。作为温度指标的δ１８Ｏ反映了过去近２０００ａ来气候在冷暖波动中逐渐变暖的趋势。作为降水指标的冰川积累量反映出降水变化具有和温度变化相似的特征，即降水在增减波动中显示出逐渐增大的趋势。与温度升高和降水增大的趋势相反，冰芯中的Ｃａ含量呈现明显的减少趋势，说明大气中尘埃含量随气候的变暖逐渐减少。这和我们研究中所得出的冷期时大气尘埃增加，暖期时大气尘埃减少的结论是一致的     

Geomorphology of the Urümqi River Valley and the uplift of the Tianshan Mountains in Quaternary

The Shaerqiaoke Gravel, more than 400 m in thickness, on the north piedmont of the Tianshan Mountains, is located at the exit of the Urümqi River Valley and belongs to the Molasse construction of the Tianshan Mountains. Another uplift event with the tectonic boundary expansion ended the deposition of the Shaerqiaoke Gravel, and resulted in folding, faulting and down-erosion in the frontier of the deposit. The ESR dating indicates that the top of the Shaerqiaoke Gravel accumulated before 1148 kaBP, probably responding to the Kunlun-Huanghe movement of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. After that time, erosion-deposition cycle occurred and 9 terraces developed. The TL and ESR dating techniques were employed to date these terraces, and the results indicate that Terrace 3 was formed at MIS 6. Terrace 2 at Houxia also developed simultaneously. Terraces 5 and 6 were accumulated in 338 kaBP and 562-591 kaBP, respectively. The oldest glaciation, named Gao Wangfeng, correlates to MIS 12.     

卫星重力发展及应用

卫星重力资料在恢复地球重力场方面具有全球高覆盖率、高空间分辨率、高精度和高时间重复率等优点,为大地测量和地球物理学科的发展开辟了新的途径。本文简要回顾了卫星重力的发展历程,介绍了四种卫星重力探测技术的原理和发展状况,并分析了三颗重力卫星的优点和不足,最后对卫星重力在地球科学中的的应用情况进行了简要总结。     

上海市航运服务业空间分布及功能演变

采用1992年、2005年、2019年上海市存续航运服务企业（组织）数据,运用加权核密度、最近邻指数以及关键词共现网络,研究其空间分布及功能演变,结果表明：上海市航运服务业的空间分布总体趋于集聚,早期沿城市内河形成连片分布,后向工业园、港口及城市CBD等多区位、多核心转变。从功能演变来看,重要功能元构成长期稳定,仓储保持首位。新兴功能元发展持续性不足,电子商务、集装箱运输、船舶技术突变强度高。已形成7个功能元聚类,呈价值链攀升态势。传统港航业、金融业及信息业是功能元聚类形成的关键行业。功能多元化对资源组合需求异质化,而资源在空间分布不均衡,两者动态调整匹配是空间分布及功能形成演变的根本原因。     

甘肃省测绘地理信息成果分发服务系统的设计与实现

根据现代社会各行业对测绘地理信息档案成果的需求,档案信息化已成为档案存储、管理、应用的趋势和要求。本文基于档案信息化项目背景,阐述和分析了测绘地理信息成果分发服务系统的实现与集成等关键技术。     

Constraining provenance,thickness and erosion of nappes using low‐temperature thermochronology: the Northland Allochthon,New Zealand

The Northland Allochthon, an assemblage of Cretaceous–Oligocene sedimentary rocks, was emplaced during the Late Oligocene–earliest Miocene, onto the in situ Mesozoic and early Cenozoic rocks (predominantly Late Eocene–earliest Miocene) in northwestern New Zealand. Using low‐temperature thermochronology, we investigate the sedimentary provenance, burial and erosion histories of the rocks from both the hanging and footwalls of the allochthon. In central Northland (Parua Bay), both the overlying allochthon and underlying Early Miocene autochthon yield detrital zircon and partially reset apatite fission‐track ages that were sourced from the local Jurassic terrane and perhaps Late Cretaceous volcanics; the autochthon contains, additionally, material sourced from Oligocene volcanics. Thermal history modelling indicates that the lower part of the allochthon together with the autochthon was heated to ca. 55–100°C during the Late Oligocene and Early Miocene, most likely due to the burial beneath the overlying nappe sequences. From the Mesozoic basement exposed in eastern Northland, we obtained zircon fission‐track ages tightly bracketed between 153 and 149 Ma; the apatite fission‐track ages on the other hand, generally young towards the northwest, from 129 to 20.9 Ma. Basement thermochronological ages are inverted to simulate the emplacement and later erosion of the Northland Allochthon, using a thermo‐kinematic model coupled with an inversion algorithm. The results suggest that during the Late Oligocene, the nappes in eastern Northland ranged from ca. 4–6‐km thick in the north to zero in the Auckland region (over a distance >200 km). Following the allochthon emplacement, eastern Northland was uplifted and unroofed during the Early Miocene for a period of ca. 1–6 Myr at the rate of 0.1–0.8 km/Myr, leading to rapid erosion of the nappes. Since Middle Miocene, the basement uplift ceased and the erosion of the nappes and the region as a whole slowed down (ca. 0–0.2 km/Myr), implying a decay in the tectonic activity in this region.