基于混合集合—变分同化方案对台风“布拉万”模拟中协方差权重系数的选择

利用WRF以及WRFDA3.6.1的ETKF-3DVAR混合集合—变分同化方案,对2012年第15号台风"布拉万"进行了模拟,并分析协方差权重系数对"流依赖"属性和台风强度、路径的模拟效果的影响。通过单点实验发现:随着集合协方差权重系数增加,分析增量的"流依赖"属性就越发明显。当集合协方差权重系数大于0.5时,由于集合成员数量以及预报质量的限制,将会引入虚假的"流依赖"信息,使得分析增量的范围形状不再发生变化,强度有所减弱。在对台风"布拉万"路径和强度的模拟中发现:集合协方差权重系数取0.5以下的预报结果普遍好于系数大于0.5的预报结果,其中,当集合协方差权重系数取0.25时路径预报误差最小,当集合协方差权重系数取0.2时强度预报误差最小。     

Chaotic Behaviour of Intra-Day Variability of BL Lac Object S5 0716+714

An optical monitoring shows Blazar object S5 0716+714 has complex Intra-Day Variability (IDV) behaviour. In this paper, we introduce a method of non-linear time series analysis, and calculate the correlation dimension of the IDV light curves of S5 0716+714 over seven nights in the December of 2006. According to our calculations, the correlation dimension D ≈ 1.993 ? 5.178 for all of the observed data, it is implied that the IDV behaviour may be a chaotic system with some additional noise.     

Python在图像处理中的应用

Python是一种面向对象、直译式的计算机语言,虽然仅有十多年的发展历史,但是因其具有丰富和强大的库,成熟且稳定,具有一次编译,处处运行的通用特性,使用越来越广泛。本文针对数字图像处理的特点,利用Python语言,探究其在灰度变换、图像直方图、直方图均衡化、图像平均及高斯模糊中的应用,相比其他语言具有简单、快捷、易于学习的特性,并实例说明Python在图像处理中的技巧和方法。     

基于BD970 OEM板的精密单点定位功能实现

针对目前精密单点定位技术主要基于PC端事后解算或采用静态模拟动态的技术模式,在实际工程应用中难以满足对实时性和动态性的需求。文中采用Trimble BD970OEM板和Raspberry Pi单板计算机搭建嵌入式接收机平台,将实时精密单点定位程序移植到该平台上,通过无线网络获取信息工程大学iGMAS分析中心提供的实时轨道产品和实时钟差产品,进行实时精密单点定位实验。结果表明,X、Y、Z平均统计精度分别为0.22m、0.32m、0.33m,实现分米级定位,结果与目前已知嵌入式终端产品精度相当,能够满足接收机测量要求。     

基于自组织映射的北京主体功能区识别研究

主体功能区的划分对于我国构建高效、协调、可持续发展的国土开发格局具有重要意义。本文利用自然环境(NDVI、坡度等)和人类社会活动(夜间灯光、POI点等)两类数据,构建了12个因子,采用Self-Organizing Map(SOM)神经网络和层次聚类法,对北京城市功能区进行分类,并结合经典功能区分类和Google Earth目视验证进行了主体功能区的划分。结果表明,由于SOM神经网络能够保持输入数据的拓扑关系及非线性的特征,基于SOM神经网络的层次聚类法具有较强的通用性及抗干扰能力,对于多源数据的城市用地分类有较大的应用潜力。同时表明,北京市主体功能区由中心城区向外呈优化开发、重点开发、限制开发的环形分布特征,各区之间呈"点-轴-面"协调发展的空间结构特征。     

弹性层状半空间中无限长洞室对斜入射 平面SH波的三维散射(Ⅱ) 数值结果与分析

以基岩上单一土层场地为例, 计算分析了在斜入射平面SH波作用下弹性层状半空间中无限长洞室附近的地表位移. 研究表明, 层状半空间中地下洞室对波的散射与均匀半空间情况存在显著差别. 层状场地由于考虑了场地自身的动力特性, 使得洞室附近地表位移幅值的空间变化更为复杂, 基岩与土层刚度比、 土层厚度对散射效应均有着重要影响. 随着基岩与土层刚度比的增大, 地表位移幅值整体上逐渐增大; 随着土层厚度的增大, 土层对地表位移幅值的影响逐渐减小. 在频域解答的基础上, 给出了层状半空间中洞室对斜入射SH波散射的时域解答, 并以Ricker波为例进行了数值计算.      

Study of pore pressure change during mining and its application on water inrush prevention: a numerical simulation case in Zhaogezhuang coalmine,China

Most of water inrush incidents in coalmines are originally derived from a seepage flow through rock mass fractures, particularly in fault zones. Water inrush is typically caused by hydromechanical coupling interactions induced by human activities. Taking the Zhaogezhuang coalmine in northern China as an example, the progress of a lagging water inrush, which occurred at a depth of about ?1,100 m, was simulated and analyzed based on the hydromechanical coupling mechanism. A 3D model incorporating the main structures of the study area was constructed based on the geological data and field investigation. The equivalent continuum medium was employed to describe fault zones. Processes of determining the mechanical, rheological and hydraulic parameters are discussed in details. Three hydromechanical coupling models are applied: (1) the elastoplastic strain-fluid coupling mechanism in rock mass within the fault zone, (2) the inelastic creep-fluid coupling mechanism in rock materials within the fault gouge, and (3) the stress-permeability coupling mechanism in the fractured porous rocks. The evolution of water-recharge zones along the fault zone was presented in different mining phases. By comparing the simulated pore pressures with the in situ monitored ones, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) the actual hydraulic behaviors are a combination of the long-term trends and short-term effects; (2) the creep-fluid coupling model reflects the rock hydraulic behaviors of long-term trends, while the elastoplastic strain-fluid coupling model demonstrates the short-term effects; (3) a prediction method called ‘time window’ for the risk of the lagging water inrush is proposed. Its feasibility is discussed.     

下扬子地区官地1井下寒武统海相泥页岩孔隙发育特征及影响因素

以下扬子陆域地区官地1井下寒武统幕府山组海相泥页岩岩心样品为研究对象,综合运用场发射扫描电镜、X衍射分析、气体吸附、高压压汞和有机地球化学分析等实验测试手段,系统研究了官地1井幕府山组泥页岩孔隙结构特征和孔隙发育影响因素。研究表明：(1)官地1井幕府山组泥页岩矿物组成以石英、方解石胶结物和黏土矿物为主,其总有机碳含量较高,有机质类型以I型干酪根为主且均处于过成熟阶段;(2)泥页岩孔隙类型主要为基质孔隙（粒间孔隙和粒内孔隙）、有机质孔隙和微裂隙,其中以有机质孔隙含量居多,而粒间孔隙面孔率占比最高;(3)有机质丰度对有机质孔隙的孔径和比表面积具有一定的影响,压实作用则构成过成熟阶段孔隙演化的主要因素,而刚性矿物具有一定的支撑作用并对有机质孔隙的保存具有积极意义;(4)分形维数与总有机碳含量和比表面积相关性较好,而与孔隙体积相关性弱,反映孔壁粗糙程度及孔隙结构复杂程度受有机质丰度影响。     

连翘高产栽培技术

本文介绍了现在比较常用的W in2000操作系统下安全功能配置,如何在Internet网上采取信息安全防范措施,以及使用这些防范措施过程中的一些经验和技巧,以提高整个系统的安全性和稳定性。     

3D scattering of obliquely incident plane SV waves by an alluvial valley embedded in a fluid-saturated,poroelastic layered half-space

The indirect boundary element method is used to study the 3D dynamic response of an infinitely long alluvial valley embedded in a saturated layered half-space for obli- quely incident SV waves. A wave-number transform is first applied along the valley＇s axis to reduce a 3D problem to a 2D plane strain problem. The problem is then solved in the section perpendicular to the axis of the valley. Finally, the 3D dynamic responses of the valley are obtained by an inverse wave-number transform. The validity of the method is con- firmed by comparison with relevant results. The differences between the responses around the valley embedded in dry and in saturated poroelastic medium are studied, and the effects of drainage conditions, porosity, soil layer stiffness, and soil layer thickness on the dynamic response are dis- cussed in detail resulting in some conclusions.