Mapping dune dynamics by InSAR coherence

It is generally held that subtle changes in sandy environments are very difficult to detect in imagery. Nonetheless, this study demonstrates how synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometric decorrelation can be used to identify changes in individual sand dunes. The use of coherence maps over time facilitates the analysis of dune dynamics, both temporally and spatially. The Ashdod‐Nizzanim coastal dunes, along the southern coastal plain of Israel, were chosen as an illustrative example of the analysis of dune dynamics. High‐resolution TerraSAR‐X (TSX) radar images covering the entire research area were acquired for the period February to July 2012, together with meteorology data (wind and rain) for the area. The coherence results enabled the stability of individual dunes to be described as a function of time. It was found that the dune crests were more stable than the windward slopes and that the degree of stability was dependent on the distance of the dune from the sea. The results of this study show the potential of using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) decorrelation for aeolian studies, even in areas characterized by low coherence. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Impacts of headcut height on flow energy,sediment yield and surface landform during bank gully erosion processes in the Yuanmou Dry‐hot Valley region,southwest China

To quantify the changes in flow energy, sediment yield and surface landform impacted by headcut height during bank gully erosion, five experimental platforms were constructed with different headcut heights ranging from 25 to 125 cm within an in situ active bank gully head. A series of scouring experiments were conducted under concentrated flow and the changes in flow energy, sediment yield and surface landform were observed. The results showed that great energy consumption occurred at gully head compared to the upstream area and gully bed. The flow energy consumption at gully heads and their contribution rates increased significantly with headcut height. Gully headcuts also contributed more sediment yield than the upstream area. The mean sediment concentrations at the outlet of plots were 2.3 to 7.3 times greater than those at the end of upstream area. Soil loss volume at gully heads and their contribution rates also increased with headcut height significantly. Furthermore, as headcut height increased, the retreat distance of gully heads increased, which was 1.7 to 8.9 times and 1.1 to 3.2 times greater than the incision depth of upstream area and gully beds. Positive correlations were found between energy consumption and soil loss, indicating that energy consumption could be used to estimate soil loss of headcut erosion. Headcut height had a significant impact on flow energy consumption, and thus influenced the changes in sediment yield and landform during the process of gully headcut erosion. Headcut height was one of the important factors for gully erosion control in this region. Further studies are needed to identify the role of headcut height under a wide condition. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种X射线探测器测试仪的开发与应用分析

线阵列X射线探测器是X射线安全检查设备的核心部件,X射线探测器测试仪是针对安检设备的基础部件—X射线闪烁探测器的信号增益、本底噪声信号、相邻像素信号串扰等性能指标进行测试而设计的基础部件专用测试仪器。本文简要论述X射线探测器测试仪的功能和关键技术,介绍一种手动微调探测器测试仪的设计。该测试仪已经应用于X射线探测器的测试,文中列出了部分测试结果。     

iDose4迭代重建在AIDS合并PJP患者胸部低剂量CT扫描中的应用研究

目的:研究i Dose4迭代重建算法不同迭代水平在人类获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)合并耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎(PJP)患者胸部低剂量CT扫描中的效能对比。方法:应用飞利浦iCT对16例AIDS合并PJP患者分别行常规剂量和低剂量胸部CT平扫。常规剂量组的DRI指数设置为30;低剂量组的DRI指数设置为10。管电压均采用120 k V。常规剂量组采用FPB重建算法,低剂量组采用iDose4(L2,L4,L6)重建算法。测量不同扫描方案下图像的客观噪声值(SD),记录不同扫描方案下CT容积剂量指数(CTDI vol)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)并计算有效剂量(ED)。比较不同扫描方案下的辐射剂量、图像的客观指标(图像噪声)及主观指标(图像质量主观评分)的差异。结果:低剂量扫描条件下,LD_iDose4_L2组、LD_iDose4_L4组及LD_iDose4_L6图像噪声值分别为:12.41、10.13和8.01,LD_iDose4_L6组的图像噪声值与SD_FPB组(8.51)相比,差异无统计学意义。肺窗视图下,LD-iDose4_L2组、LD-iDose4_L4组CT图像质量主观评分均在3分以上,满足了诊断需求,以LD_iDose4_L2组显示最好。纵隔窗视图下,低剂量组各组主观评分均在3分以上,均满足了诊断需求,其中以LD_iDose4_L6组得分最高。低剂量组与常规组的ED值大小分别为6.18和2.28,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),低剂量组的有效剂量较常规剂量组降低了63.11%。结论:iDose4迭代重建在AIDS合并PJP患者胸部CT病变及解剖结构的显示上具有明显的优势,能够在大幅降低辐射剂量的情况下得到满足诊断需要的CT图像。低剂量扫描条件下,iDose 4迭代重建迭代水平级别越高,降噪的能力越强,图像噪声值越小。但就图像总体质量而言,肺窗视图下,图像质量以LD_iDose4_L2组显示最好;纵隔窗视图下,图像质量以LD_iDose4_L6组显示最好。     

1960-2012年鄱阳湖流域旱涝急转事件时空演变特征

基于鄱阳湖流域五河7个主要入湖控制站1960-2012年的实测径流资料,通过短周期旱涝急转指数,结合TFPWMK趋势检验法及集合经验模态分解法,分析了鄱阳湖流域旱涝急转事件的时空分布、演变趋势、强度及周期变化等,并探讨了旱涝急转指数的不确定性及旱涝急转事件的成因.结果表明:鄱阳湖流域旱涝急转事件主要分布在3-10月,其中3-6月主要表现为"旱转涝",7-10月主要表现为"涝转旱",且不同年代间存在一定的时空差异;五河以轻度旱涝急转事件为主,重度旱涝急转事件发生频率较低,主要发生在抚河、信江和饶河流域,且多以"涝转旱"事件为主;在年代际上,鄱阳湖流域旱涝急转事件在1990s发生的频率最高,在2000s最低.同时,除饶河外,鄱阳湖流域年最强"涝转旱"事件的发生强度呈减弱趋势,而年最强"旱转涝"事件的发生强度在赣江和修水北支有减弱趋势,在饶河和修水南支有增强趋势.五河旱涝急转的变化存在2个特征时间尺度,分别为1a和21～35a,而年最强旱涝急转事件的发生强度具有3a左右的周期变化特征.这些变化与流域降水的不均匀性及强烈的人类活动等有关.本研究结果有助于全面系统认识鄱阳湖流域在全球变暖背景下极...     

基于Levenberg-Marquardt法的中国大陆地区地震烈度分布快速评估的偏差特性分析

地震灾害发生后,可根据地震烈度衰减关系,利用地震灾害快速评估系统初步评估烈度分布范围.为评定烈度分布结果的偏差特性,利用中国西部地区488个震例和中国东部地区182个震例的等震线数据,使用Levenberg-Marquardt非线性迭代算法进行回归,计算我国大陆分区域烈度衰减关系,并对中国大陆1990—2007年23次...     

岩石蠕变破裂过程及其响应比变化的实验研究

对花岗岩样品进行逐次加载的蠕变实验,得到了加载过程中的蠕变曲线和蠕变破裂的全过程曲线.对加载过程中的杨氏模量、蠕变量、蠕变速率等参数用加卸载响应比方法进行了分析,认为有二种不同形态的响应曲线.在中低应力的弹性阶段其响应比都近似为1,而在高应力的膨胀阶段其响应比都随应力而增加.对应力不变时的蠕变破裂全过程曲线进行了分解,在蠕变破裂过程中,瞬态、稳态和加速3个阶段的持续时间分别为全部时间的18%,75%和7%;在加速蠕变阶段蠕变速率及其响应比明显增加.这一结果是预测蠕变破裂的明显指标.     

地震相关的声音现象研究进展

首先介绍了国内外地声研究的发展历史和现状,总结了地声和震源深度、震源机制、地震波频谱、场地特性之间的相关性,然后阐述了声音作为特殊震源判定场地特性的可行性;最后结合目前的研究现状,指出了今后的研究方向:利用合成地震图技术对地声进行精确的量化研究和解释。     

东亚大陆大三角地震区的强震成组活动迁移图像分析

本文分析了1900—2008年东亚大陆大三角地震区7.5级以上大地震的地震活动时空图像, 认为: ① 1902—1974年东亚大陆大三角地震区的7.5级以上浅源地震成组活动的主体地区, 沿着大三角地震区的边界顺时针迁移, 到了1997—2001年开始转移到大三角地震区的内部; ② 对于整个大三角地震区而言, 近代7.5级以上浅源地震的震级(M)-时间(t)过程表明, 地震活动是活跃和平静交替出现的幕式过程; ③ 大三角地震区近代7.5级以上浅源地震的时空迁移图像的力学机制, 可能是地震区内地震断层应力转移和耦合的相互作用。     

技术进步是提高编目质量的关键

加强管理,重视依靠科技进步,学好规范条例,不断改进工作,建立科学的编目程序,是提高编目质量和速度的关键。