Recruitment patterns of Serpula vermicularis L. (Polychaeta, Serpulidae) in Loch Creran, Scotland

This study aimed to contribute to conservation management of reefs of Serpula vermicularis by increasing understanding of the factors influencing larval settlement. The study was carried out in Loch Creran, which supports the most extensive known development of S. vermicularis reefs in the world. Settlement plates were deployed to examine the influence of season, depth, reef density, substrate type and orientation. Monthly deployment of plates revealed settlement of S. vermicularis to occur predominantly from mid-June to mid-October, peaking in late August to early September. Settlement of Pomatoceros spp. peaked much earlier, in late May to early June. Deployment of plates at different depths revealed a marked reduction in S. vermicularis settlement intensity between 6 and 12 m. As this corresponds with the deeper limit of the peripheral fringe of serpulid reefs in the loch, it is suggested that this limit is imposed by a depth-correlated settlement response, rather than reduction in available substrata. Comparisons of various substrata showed a preference by S. vermicularis larvae for a slate over a scallop substrate and no evidence of enhanced recruitment to occupied or unoccupied tubes of S. vermicularis, suggesting that gregarious attraction is unlikely to be a factor causing reef formation. Settlement onto the upper side of a horizontal scallop substrate was found to be insignificant in comparison with the underside or a vertically orientated scallop. Evidence for the role of light in controlling the depth and substrate-orientation preferences of S. vermicularis larvae is discussed. Based on the results of this study, recommendations are made regarding remediation of areas suffering reef damage.     

吕宋海峡M2内潮生成与传播数值模拟研究

本文在z坐标海洋数值模式HAMSOM中引入了内潮黏性项(Interhal-tide viscosity term),将之运用到吕宋海峡M2内潮的生成与传播过程的数值模拟研究.研究结果表明:(1)在250 m以浅,吕宋海峡产生的M2内潮振幅于温跃层处最大,岛坡附近的内潮明显强于别处,且最大振幅可达到40 m左右;(2)M2内潮的生成源主要集中在伊特巴亚岛西北、巴丹岛西南以及巴布延群岛西北的岛坡;(3)海峡产生的M2内潮向东西2个方向传播.巴丹岛以西的西向能量在吕宋海沟斜向下传播,在到达恒春海脊附近发生反射返回海面,到达海面后再次反射回海底,在此过程中,有高模态的内潮被激发,不同模态间有相消干涉的现象产生.西传的内潮能量分为2支进入南海,产生于巴布延群岛西北的能量分支直接向西南折转进入南海海盆,而产生于伊特巴亚岛和巴丹岛岛坡附近的主要能量则以束状向南海陆架传播,在到达118°E后部分能量折向西南的海盆,其余的能量则沿西北方向传入中国近岸,陆架陆坡地形起着重要的耗散作用.伊特巴亚岛西北有最大的能量产生,向东北传入太平洋.在122°E以东,能量主要以束状向东南传入太平洋.     

海洋枯草芽孢杆菌HS-A38 产直链脂肽活性物质的初步检测

从海参肠道中分离得到了一株海洋枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)HS-A38, 将其发酵上清液经盐酸沉淀、有机溶剂萃取得到具有广谱抗菌活性的代谢物质。采用薄层层析和茚三酮显色检测到4 种物质, 分别命名为化合物1、2、3 和4; 应用层析板覆盖指示菌的生物自显影技术对其抗菌活性成分进行追踪、检测, 结果发现化合物1 和2 具有显著抑制弧菌的作用。进一步检测分析表明, 化合物1、2和4 具有很强的热稳定性, 初步推断它们属于直链的脂肽类化合物, 并且这4 种物质出现在不同的发酵代谢时期, 这将为研究群体效应提供基础检测依据。     

Numerical study of M2 internal tide generation and propagation in the Luzon Strait

Based on the z-coordinate ocean model HAMSOM,we introduced the internal-tide viscosity term and applied the model to numerically investigate the M2 internal tide generation and propagation in the Luzon Strait (LS).The results show that (1) in the upper 250 m depth,at the thermocline,the maximum amplitude of the generated internal tides in the LS can reach 40 m;(2) the major internal tides are generated to the northwest of Itbayat Island,the southwest of Batan Island and the northwest of the Babuyan Islands;(3) during the propagation the baroclinic energy scattering and reflection is obvious,which exists under the effect of the specific topography in the South China Sea (SCS);(4) the westward-propagating internal tides are divided into two branches entering the SCS.While passing through 118 E,the major branch is divided into two branches again.The strongest internal tides in the LS are generated to the northwest of Itbayat Island and propagate northeastward to the Pacific.However,to the east of 122 E,most of the internal tides propagate southeastward to the Pacific as a beam.     

絮凝法强化大生活用海水一级处理研究

研究了无机絮凝剂石灰、硫酸铝、聚合氯化铝、聚合硫酸铁和氯化铁单独使用及其与有机高分子絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）配合使用时强化大生活用海水一级处理的效果，结果表明，无机絮凝剂与有机絮凝剂配合使用时有很好的强化效果，COD去除率最高达61%，且对SS和BOD也有一定的去除效果。     

基于RTK-GPS技术的干热河谷冲沟沟头形态特征

采用高精度实时动态差分GPS(以下简称RTK-GPS)技术对干热河谷冲沟进行野外调查,获取36个不同活跃度类型沟头的形态参数,研究不同活跃度类型之间沟头的形态特征差异,并分析集水区、沟床植被盖度与形态特征之间的关系。结果表明:1.沟头不同活跃度类型之间,其跌坎高差、沟床比降差异最为显著,可作为沟头活跃度类型野外判别的主要参考指标;沟壁坡度、宽-深比等的差异较为显著,亦可在一定程度上表征沟头活跃程度。2.沟床植被盖度与各形态特征参数的相关性显著,表明沟床植被盖度可作为形态参数的综合替代性指标。同一活跃度类型的沟头,其跌坎高差、沟床比降等与沟床植被盖度呈极显著负相关关系,说明随着沟床植被盖度的增加(或减小),跌坎高差、沟床比降均呈减小(或增加)趋势。3.集水区植被盖度与各形态特征参数的关系不显著,表明干热河谷集水区植被盖度对沟头发育的贡献有限。     

中国农业文化遗产研究的进展与展望

中国农业文明历史悠久,勤劳智慧的劳动人民在长期的生产实践过程中一直在探索适应不同自然条件的农业生产方式,创造了灿烂的农业文化遗产。当今农业发展所面临的面临生态系统退化、面源污染严重、遗传资源丧失、食品安全问题严重等问题,促使人们转而学习传统农业的智慧与经验。本文从基于文献的传统农业文化遗产研究和基于实践的动态保护与适应性管理研究两个方面,较为系统地回顾了中国农业文化遗产研究的主要进展。指出,积淀深厚、成果丰富的农业历史和农业考古研究,为农业文化遗产保护实践和发展生态农业奠定了坚实的基础。2002年联合国粮农组织（FAO）发起的全球重要农业文化遗产（GIAHS）项目,则极大地提高了人们对农业文化遗产价值的认识,使农业文化遗产保护研究与实践进入了一个新阶段,在农业文化遗产的概念与内涵、农业生物多样性、多重价值、替代产业发展以及法律与政策保障等方面都有新的探索。未来研究中应进一步丰富研究内容,改进研究方法,深入开展农业文化遗产的保护和利用的探索等。     

Experiment and Pitzer Model Prediction for the Solid + Liquid Equilibria of the Ternary System LiCl–CaCl2–H2O

正1 Introduction Lithium resources are widely distributed in the oilfield brine from the Nanyishan district in the Qaidam Basin(Fan et al.,2007).The investigation of the thermodynamics and phase diagram of the brine system is valuable in providing the theoretic foundation and scientific guidance in the comprehensive exploitation of the mixture salts effectively.Comprehensive     

四种重金属对刺参幼参的急性致毒效应

采用静水试验法,在水温18.5℃~20℃的条件下,用Cu2 ,Zn2 ,Cd2 和Cr6 四种重金属对刺参幼参进行了单一急性毒性试验。结果表明:Cu2 对刺参幼参的24h,48h,72h和96hLC50分别为0.299,0.176,0.133和0.120mg/L;Zn2 的24h,48h,72h和96hLC50分别为6.700,3.624,2.577和1.951mg/L;Cd2 的24h,48h和72hLC50分别为4.246,2.588和2.137mg/L;Cr6 的24h,48h和72hLC50分别为31.974,7.499和3.808mg/L;Cu2 ,Zn2 ,Cd2 和Cr6 对刺参幼参的安全浓度分别为0.018,0.362,0.259和0.750mg/L。四种重金属对刺参幼参的毒性大小依次为Cu2 >Cd2 >Zn2 >Cr6 。