Simulating Spatial Dynamics and Processes in a Retail Gasoline Market: An Agent‐Based Modeling Approach

Simulating the dynamics and processes within a spatially influenced retail market, such as the retail gasoline market, is a highly challenging research area. Current approaches are limited through their inability to model the impact of supplier or consumer behavior over both time and space. Agent‐based models (ABMs) provide an alternative approach that overcomes these problems. We demonstrate how knowledge of retail pricing is extended by using a ‘hybrid’ model approach: an agent model for retailers and a spatial interaction model for consumers. This allows the issue of spatial competition between individual retailers to be examined in a way only accessible to agent‐based models, allowing each model retailer autonomous control over optimizing their price. The hybrid model is shown to be successful at recreating spatial pricing dynamics at a national scale, simulating the effects of a rise in crude oil prices as well as accurately predicting which retailers were most susceptible to closure over a 10‐year period.     

基于ArcGIS Server的瓦片电子地图数据更新机制研究

当空间地物发生变化后,为了及时更新瓦片数据,必须首先搜集更新区域的地理范围,再使用专业配图软件通过配图、瓦片切割等操作完成。在这个过程当中存在很多性能、效率问题。本文结合“天地图.山东”建设研究了基础数据更新和瓦片数据联动更新过程中存在的问题和解决方法。另外本文解决了“天地图”体系在“互联互通”上存在的边界瓦片处理等问题。     

地面三维激光扫描点云拼接影响因素分析

在地面三维激光扫描仪进行三维建模过程中,需要对不同测站的点云进行拼接。为了提高不同测站点云拼接精度,本文开展了球形标靶表面扫描点数量、标靶的分布和数量及扫描距离4个因素对三维激光扫描仪不同测站下点云拼接精度的影响研究。采用法如（FOCUS）三维激光扫描仪开展了不同扫描分辨率、不同标靶数量、不同标靶分布和不同距离下的点云拼接试验,并采用SENCE软件对点云进行了拼接精度分析。试验结果表明,选择两测站的标靶表面的扫描点数量大致相等,并将4个标靶作为连接点,且放置在不同高度不规则排列时,点云拼接的精度最优。     

基于地理实体的基础测绘生产组织模式探索

首先分析了目前我国基础地理信息资源建设存在的主要问题,提出了通过构建地理实体数据库实现基础地理信息资源的共享和深入应用的构想。其次,深入分析了目前国内外地理实体数据库的研究及建设现状。在以上基础上,最后以优先满足国家事权为原则,提出了基于地理实体数据采集的我国基础测绘国家、省、市县任务分工和生产组织模式构想。     

车载LiDAR点云中交通标线的提取方法

交通标线,作为道路上重要的交通标识,为司机和行人提供重要的引导信息。车载激光扫描系统(车载LiDAR)可以快速获得被测目标的表面三维坐标信息,为提取高精度三维交通标线提供了可靠数据源。本文通过分析道路点云数据的平面距离、点云强度、点云密度等特征,将点云数据归化成地理参考强度图像。针对生成的二维参考图像,充分借鉴图像处理中目标分类与识别的手段,将交通标线信息准确提取出来。实验表明,该方法可行、有效。     

《甘肃省长城资源分布图》的设计与编制

《甘肃省长城资源分布图》是甘肃省首次利用长城资源调查资料编制的系列专题图,该图系统地表达了甘肃省境内历代长城的分布、走向、构成、类型、保存现状,以及长城沿线关堡、单体建筑、相关遗存的分布。本文介绍了该系列地图设计和编制的总体思路、内容结构、编辑技法、质量控制等,对其他长城分布图的编制具有一定的参考价值。     

郑徐高铁开封段地面沉降分层监测方法

高铁沿线施工期间引起地面沉降的因素错综复杂、相互影响,本文提出通过对沉降区域地下水位、孔隙水压力等进行分层观测,根据分层观测得到地下水位变化、孔隙水压力变化等数据,并采用回归分析法构建了沉降区域地面沉降与诸影响因子的关联模型,通过对郑徐客运专线开封段进行的地面沉降监测量与同时采用二等精密水准测量得到的监测点沉降量进行对比分析,结果表明本方法的有效性和可靠性。     

Updating the Phase 1 habitat map of Wales, UK, using satellite sensor data

The Phase 1 Survey is the most comprehensive and widely used national level map of semi-natural habitats in Wales. However, the survey was based largely on field survey and was conducted over several decades, before being completed in 1997. Given that resources for a repeat survey were limited, this study has used an object-orientated rule-based classification implemented within eCognition of multi-temporal satellite sensor data acquired between 2003 and 2006 to map semi-natural habitats and agricultural land across Wales, thereby allowing a progressive update of the Phase 1 Survey. The classification of objects to Phase 1 habitat classes was undertaken in two steps; firstly the landscape of Wales was divided into objects using orthorectified SPOT-5 High Resolution Geometric (HRG) reflectance data (10 m spatial resolution) and Land Parcel Information System (LPIS) boundaries. A rule-base was then developed to progressively discriminate and map the distribution of 105 sub-habitats across Wales based on time-series of SPOT HRG, Terra-1 Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) LISS-3 data, derived datasets (e.g., vegetation indices, fractional images) and ancillary information (e.g., topography). The rules coupled knowledge of ecology and the information content of these remote sensing data using a combination of thresholds, Boolean operations and fuzzy membership functions. A second rule-base was then developed to translate the more detailed sub-habitat classification to Phase 1 habitat classes. Indicative accuracies of the revised Phase 1 mapping, based on comparisons with the later Phase 2 survey (for selected habitats), were >80% overall and typically between 70% and 90% for many classes. Through this exercise, Wales has become the first country in Europe to produce a national map of habitats (as opposed to land cover) through object-orientated classification of satellite sensor data. Furthermore, the approach can be adapted to allow continual monitoring of the extent and condition of habitats and agricultural land.     

基于MapXtrme2004的WebGIS系统的研究与开发

本文通过介绍.NET框架用于Web开发的主要技术ASP.NET和ADO.NET的技术优点以及MapInfo公司针对.NET环境开发的新组件Mapxtreme2004,通过分析Mapxtreme2004的结构组成总结了Mapxtreme2004用于WebGIS开发的主要方法类的用途,并着重研究了在.Net框架下利用Mapxtreme2004进行WebGIS开发的可行性及主要功能特点。     

数字城市信息共享的几个问题

在简要评述数字城市概念、建设现状和存在问题的基础上,提出数字城市的核心是信息资源的开发和利用,数字城市的灵魂是信息共享,并从信息共享理念、政策与组织保障、公共信息平台支撑、信息更新保证、技术标准支持和持续资金保障等方面,讨论了实现数字城市信息共享需要采取的主要措施。