长白山地区遥感生态指数时空变化及其气候响应

利用Google Earth Engine(GEE)云平台,在原有遥感生态指数（RSEI）基础上,选用增强型植被指数（EVI）代替原绿度指标中的NDVI,构建并计算2001—2020年长白山地区植被生长季RSEI,采用回归分析、波动分析、Hurst指数等方法,分析长白山地区RSEI时空变化特征并探讨其气候影响因素。研究表明：（1）2001—2020年长白山地区RSEI波动缓慢上升,生态环境质量整体呈上升趋势。RSEI多年均值空间分布具有明显的分异性,长白山保护开发区生态环境质量较好,通化市、白山市大部较差。（2）近20年长白山地区RSEI稳定性较差,生态环境质量较脆弱。未来生态环境趋势总体向好,但局部地区仍存在持续恶化态势。（3）长白山地区RSEI主要受降水影响较大,与降水呈显著正相关,与气温相关性不强。     

电子自旋共振(ESR)化石测年及其在晚新生代动物群年代学研究中的应用

动物群化石组合通常被用来限定地层的相对年代,但很难给出地质事件的精确时间.电子自旋共振(ESR)方法能够对化石样品本身直接测年,测年范围可以覆盖更新世和上新世.ESR化石测年的难点之一在于化石中铀放射性衰变体系的开放性.通过与铀系分析相结合,可以更精确的重建牙齿化石中铀元素的迁移过程,进而获得更可靠的年龄.本文对ESR化石测年方法进行了介绍,并展示了该方法在国内外动物群年代学研究中的一些应用.通过与生物地层学相结合,ESR化石测年方法为晚新生代地质和动物考古学年代学研究提供了一种更直接的绝对测年手段.     

华北克拉通-扬子克拉通与秦岭造山带古地幔组成及状态的对比

经研究，华北克拉通古地幔以含石榴石的二辉橄榄岩、方辉橄榄岩及纯橄榄岩为主．地幔交代作用强烈，岩石富集不相容元素，明显高于南非及西澳克拉通者．扬子克拉通古地幔主元素亏损程度差，交代作用较弱，岩石为石榴石／尖晶石二辉橄榄岩．秦岭造山带壳、幔交界带的岩石类型复杂，包括蛇纹石化尖晶石二辉橄榄岩（蛇纹岩）、石榴石辉石岩、榴闪岩、变辉长岩及变玄武岩等．蛇纹岩遭受强的塑性流变，剪切变形结构发育．与克拉通相比，地幔交代作用很弱．３个地幔域的古地温状态有差异，秦岭造山带最高，扬子克拉通居中，华北克拉通最低．上述结果表明，两克拉通的古地幔特征相差显著，暗示经历了不同的演化过程．交代作用可能发生在１７００Ｍａ以前和１１００～５００Ｍａ，后者强于前者．造山带地幔的剪切变形明显强于克拉通地幔     

High‐ and low‐Cr chromitite in a Tibetan Ophiolite: Evolution from Mature Subduction System to Incipient Forearc in the Neo‐Tethyan Ocean

The microstructures, major‐ and trace‐element compositions of minerals and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) maps of high‐ and low‐Cr# [spinel Cr# = Cr³⁺/(Cr³⁺+Al³⁺)] chromitites and dunites from the Zedang ophiolite in the Yarlung Zangbo Suture (South Tibet) have been used to reveal their genesis and the related geodynamic processes in the Neo‐Tethyan Ocean. The high‐Cr# (0.77‐0.80) chromitites (with or without diopside exsolution) have chromite compositions consistent with initial crystallization by interaction between boninitic magmas, harzburgite and reaction‐produced magmas in a shallow, mature mantle wedge. Some high‐Cr# chromitites show crystal‐plastic deformation and grain growth on previous chromite relics that have exsolved needles of diopside. These features are similar to those of the Luobusa high‐Cr# chromitites, possibly recycled from the deep upper mantle in a mature subduction system. In contrast, mineralogical, chemical and EBSD features of the Zedang low‐Cr# (0.49‐0.67) chromitites and dunites and the silicate inclusions in chromite indicate that they formed by rapid interaction between forearc basaltic magmas (MORB‐like but with rare subduction input) and the Zedang harzburgites in a dynamically extended, incipient forearc lithosphere. The evidence implies that the high‐Cr# chromitites were produced or emplaced in an earlier mature arc (possibly Jurassic), while the low‐Cr# associations formed in an incipient forearc during the initiation of a new episode of Neo‐Tethyan subduction at ～130‐120 Ma. This two‐episode subduction model can provide a new explanation for the coexistence of high‐ and low‐Cr# chromitites in the same volume of ophiolitic mantle.     

内蒙古扎拉格阿木铜矿成矿流体与成矿机制

扎拉格阿木铜矿床位于锡林浩特地块北部边缘,矿体赋存于二叠纪砂质板岩和角砾岩中,受NE向断裂控制,为中温热液脉型铜矿床。本文通过流体包裹体和C?H?O?S?Pb同位素地球化学研究手段,来探讨扎拉格阿木铜矿成矿机制。成矿热液期存在5个成矿阶段：钾长石阶段、石英?绢云母阶段、石英?黄铁矿阶段、石英?多金属硫化物阶段、石英?方解石阶段。其中石英?多金属硫化物阶段为主成矿阶段,本阶段主要发育富液相、富气相、含子矿物包裹体;富液相包裹体均一温度与盐度分别为：138～289℃和2.06%～16.11% NaCl eqv;含子矿物包裹体均一温度与盐度分别为：320～374℃和32.68%～39.81% NaCl eqv,包裹体气体成分除少量CO2以外,均为H2O。H?O同位素分析表现为,石英中的〖δO〗^18值变化范围－8.5‰～7.5‰,流体的δD值变化范围为－116‰～－98‰,暗示早阶段成矿流体主要为岩浆热液,晚期伴有大气降水混入。C?O同位素分析表明,δ13C值为-6.9‰~ -10.1‰,δ18OSMOW介于2.5‰~11.7‰,在δ18O?δ13C 图上数据点落在岩浆水与大气水的中间区域。矿石硫化物的δ34S值介于-4.5‰~1.5‰,指示具有幔源岩浆硫的特征。矿石硫化物Pb同位素的208Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和206Pb/204Pb比值分别为38.034~38.609、15.497~15.655和18.141~18.446,推测Pb具有地幔来源的特点并伴有地壳或造山带Pb混入。成矿过程中伴随着流体沸腾作用,成矿物质沉淀受早期形成的岩浆热液与后加入大气降水混合的影响。     

与西澳州西南部冬季降水相联系的大气环流特征分析

西澳大利亚州西南部(SWWA)是西澳大利亚州首府Perth的所在地,也是西澳州政治、经济、文化、教育和旅游的中心.自20世纪中期以来,SWWA地区雨季降水持续减少.本文利用近60年的观测及再分析数据,分析了已知的影响澳大利亚降水的热带海洋模态:厄尔尼诺—南方涛动(ENSO)、印度洋偶极子(IOD)和ENSOModoki...     

准噶尔盆地基底火山岩中的辉石及其对盆地基底性质的示踪

根据钻井和航磁资料，准噶尔盆地基底可划分为西、北、南三区。3个地区火山岩中辉石的化学成分、种属名称各不相同。辉石化学成分反映出来的寄主岩的碱度、碱度演化趋势以及寄主岩形成的构造环境、构造环境演化史均各有差异，佐证了准噶尔盆地基底是由哈萨克斯坦板块东南缘、西伯利亚板块西南缘和塔里木板块北缘增生大陆拼合而成。其中西、北两区拼合较早，早石炭世末的早海西运动时抬升成陆；南区成陆较晚，晚古炭世末的晚海西运动使南区与西、北两区联合大陆对接，形成完整的准噶尔盆地海西褶皱基底。     

Eco-environment range in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers

Based on geographical and hydrological extents delimited, four principles are identified, as the bases for delineating the ranges of the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers in the paper. According to the comprehensive analysis of topographical characteristics, climate conditions, vegetation distribution and hydrological features, the source region ranges for eco-environmental study are defined. The eastern boundary point is Dari hydrological station in the upper reach of the Yellow River. The watershed above Dari hydrological station is the source region of the Yellow River which drains an area of 4.49×104 km2. Natural environment is characterized by the major topographical types of plateau lakes and marshland, gentle landforms, alpine cold semi-arid climate, and steppe and meadow vegetation in the source region of the Yellow River. The eastern boundary point is the convergent site of the Nieqiaqu and the Tongtian River in the upstream of the Yangtze River. The watershed above the convergent site is the source region of the Yangtze River, with a watershed area of 12.24×104 km2. Hills and alpine plain topography, gentle terrain, alpine cold arid and semi-arid climate, and alpine cold grassland and meadow are natural conditions in the source region of the Yangtze River.     

Variability of soil moisture and its relationship with surface albedo and soil thermal parameters over the Loess Plateau

Data from July 2006 to June 2008 observed at SACOL(Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University,35.946°N,104.137°E,elev.1961 m),a semi-arid site in Northwest China,are used to study seasonal variability of soil moisture,along with surface albedo and other soil thermal parameters, such as heat capacity,thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity,and their relationships to soil moisture content.The results indicate that surface albedo decreases with increases in soil moisture content,s...     

探测大气温湿廓线的35通道微波辐射计设计原理与特点

总结了自主研制的MWP967KV型地基35通道微波辐射计系统设计原理和主要特点。系统将K、V双频段宽带天线及接收机、宽带调谐本振、温湿压计以及电源模块紧凑集成为一台整机设备。对各传感器的测量输出实时进行一体化综合处理,采用BP神经网络实时反演大气温度、湿度廓线和汽、水总量。廓线的垂直覆盖范围为地表至顶空10km,共划分为58层。辐射计样机于2012年秋冬季节在北京地区开展了为期2个月的观测试验,利用这段时期内的69个探空资料样本对辐射计2个层次的实时观测输出都进行了对比检验,计算了水汽、氧气通道亮温和反演所得大气温湿廓线的平均偏差、均方差以及相关性。结果表明该系统能够满足实时气象监测的需求,达到国际先进水平。