我国省级太阳总辐射测量标准量值传递的不确定度分析和评估

通过对世界辐射基准传递到我国省级工作级标准总辐射表的不确定度进行分析和评估,确定了量值传递过程中不确定度来源主要包括测量重复性、输出电压值、太阳入射角变化、热偏移以及标准器等引入的不确定度,得出我国省级工作级标准总辐射表校准结果的不确定度为0.6%。我国采用"成分和"法对省级太阳总辐射标准量值进行传递,其标准器引入的不确定度系标准直接辐射表(0.3%)和标准散射辐射表(1.0%)的合成,标准器引入的不确定度所占比例达90%以上,因此提高标准直接辐射和标准散射辐射的测量确定度是减小量值传递不确定度的关键。此外太阳辐射量值传递的准确性受天气条件的影响较大,选择天气稳定,大气透明度高的天气以及太阳高度角大于30°的时段;增加测量次数以减小测量数据的分散性,降低重复性测量引入的不确定度;对被校准总辐射表进行通风,以减小热偏移的影响;保证仪器安装水平以及准确跟踪遮光,可以进一步减小量值传递的不确定度,提高我国短波辐射的测量水平。     

Remote Sensing of Eupatorium Adenophorum Spreng Based on HJ-A Satellite Data

In the southwest of China, one of the greatest threats to local ecosystem is the area expansion of an invasive species, i.e., Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng (EAS). In this study, the remote-sensing technology was used to detect and map the spatial distribution of EAS in Guizhou Province, China. A series of vegetation indices, including normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), simple ratio index (SRI) and atmospherically resistant vegetation index (ARVI), were used to identify EAS from HJ-A Chninese satellite data. According to the analysis results of fieldworks from March 21 to 22, 2009, it was found that the vegetation index of {1.9589 ≤ SRI ≤ 4.1095}∩{0.2359 ≤ ARVI ≤ 0.5193} was the optimal remote-sensing parameter for identifying EAS from HJ-A data. According to the spatial distribution of EAS estimated from HJ-A data, it was found that EAS was rather more in southwest of Guizhou Province than in northeast. EAS became sparse from southwest to northeast gradually, and the central Guizhou Province was the ecological corridor linking EAS in southwest to that in northeast. By comparison with validated data collected by the government of Guizhou Province, it was found that the uncertainty of remote-sensing method was 18.52%, 29.31%, 8.77% and 9.46% in grassland, forest, farmland and others respectively, and the mean uncertainty was 13.29%. Owing to the lower height of EAS than many plants in forest, the uncertainty of EAS was the greatest in forest than that in grassland, farmland and so on.     

Secular period decreasing of detached chromospherically active binaries

The long-term orbital period changes of a large sample of detached chromospherically active binaries (CABs) were studied. Eleven such systems were found to be undergoing secular period decreases with the rates of ?6.3×10^?9 to ?1.1×10^?6 days per year. The period decreasing rates are found to vary depending on the orbital period. The longer the orbital period is, the more rapidly the period decreases. Following Stepien (Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 274:1019, 1995), the period decreasing rate predicted by angular momentum loss (AML) caused by magnetic wind is computed for each system. A comparison between the observed and calculated period decreasing rates shows that the former values are obviously larger than the latter by 1–3 orders of magnitude. It suggests that the magnetic wind is not likely the determinant mechanism driving the AML in these systems. Finally, the orbital angular momentum (AM) and the rate of AML, $\dot{J}$ , are computed for each system. It shows that the AM have a similar change with the orbital period like dP/dt does, but $\log\dot{J}/J$ presents no strict changing with the kinematical ages.     

新中国气象科技人才培训历程

有时夜里出现不常见的云状,张乃召会立即训练学员晚上对云的辨认。军委参谋长叶剑英亲自出席训练队结业典礼并表示这批学员是我党我军的第一批气象工作者,是我党气象事业诞生的标志,并鼓励学员到各地去完成气象观测任务。     

External calibrator in global signal experiment for detection of the epoch of reionization

We present a conceptual design study of external calibrators in the 21 cm experiment towards detecting the globally averaged radiation of the epoch of reionization(EoR). Employment of external calibrator instead of internal calibrator commonly used in current EoR experiments allows removing instrumental effects such as beam pattern, receiver gain and instability of the system if the conventional three-position switch measurements are implemented in a short time interval. Furthermore, in the new design the antenna system is placed in an underground anechoic chamber with an open/closing ceiling to maximally reduce the environmental effect such as RFI and ground radiation/reflection. It appears that three of the four external calibrators proposed in this paper, including two indoor artificial transmitters and one outdoor celestial radiation(the Galactic polarization), fail to meet our purpose. Diurnal motion of the Galactic diffuse emission turns out to be the most probable source as an external calibrator, for which we have discussed the observational strategy and the algorithm of extracting the EoR signal.     

福建长乐-东山构造带的变形特征及动力学研究

福建长乐—东山构造带是我国东南沿海中生代NE向线性构造带的一部分。从西向东分为三个亚带:福清—云霄钙碱性火山岩带(J_3);长乐—东山NE向韧性剪切带(K_1); 平潭—东山变质地体(P_z—J_3)。火山岩带以浅层构造、脆性挤压变形为特征。变质地体为一外来体,以深层构造、多期(即前J,J,K_1)叠加变形为特征,并于J_3末增生到欧亚大陆边缘。韧性剪切带是叠加在变质地体增生带上,为一左行平移简单剪切带。     

基于GIS城市给排水管网信息系统数据结构的研究与实现

本文研究了城市给排水管网信息系统的数据结构及其建立方法,以及在微机上利用C语言进行城市给排水信息系统的设计,实现了部分空间分析功能。     

永定河冲积平原南部第四纪年代地层划分及沉积速率特征

依据磁性地层和14C年代结果,结合岩性分层特征,对永定河冲积平原南部QYJ01年代地层进行划分,并综合QGJ01和QHJ01钻孔年代地层划分成果讨论沉积速率特征。将QYJ01钻孔的年代地层划分为上新统、下更新统、中更新统、上更新统和全新统,其对应孔深分别为198.1~450.9 m、111.5~198.1 m、88.65~111.5 m、23.7~88.65 m和0~23.7 m。综合分析永定河冲积平原南部第四纪代表钻孔QYJ01、QGJ01和QHJ01的沉积速率特征,发现永定河冲积平原南部晚新生代地层沉积中心经历了2次偏移,第1次是始于早更新世、在中更新世完成的沉积中心由中东部向南部偏移,第2次是在全新世完成的沉积中心由南部向中东部回迁。研究结果为永定河冲积平原区新构造运动的活动强度和时限研究及深覆盖区第四纪地层对比提供参考。     

一种空间域矢量地图数据盲水印算法

对目前已有的针对二维矢量数据的水印算法进行了分析,并提出了一种新的鲁棒的盲水印算法。该算法首先将矢量数据分块,然后在不同分块中,结合密钥修改某些点的x坐标或者y坐标,从而嵌入水印信息。实验证明,该算法对平移、坐标转换、制图综合、插值等常规操作以及地物对象顺序置乱等攻击具有较好的鲁棒性,并且是一种盲检算法,具有较好的实用价值。     

用ERS风散射计数据估算土壤水分方法的研究

欧空局ERS1/2卫星上的风散射计(WSC),分辨率是50km,4天内能覆盖全球超过80%的范围,并可在多角度下对地物目标进行观测。本文研究利用该散射计数据估算土壤水分的方法。首先,利用基于ERS散射计数据建立的全球C波段雷达后向散射系数数据库,根据传统的几何光学模型(GOM),反演得到与土壤含水量密切相关的法线方向Fresnel反射率,并与两个采样点(安多和那曲)上的实测降雨量及土壤水分相对比,证明了ERS散射计数据与土壤水分的高相关性;第二步,以水云模型为基础,结合AIEM模型,发展了一种简化模型来估算土壤水分绝对值,分别利用气象站实测点数据和同时期的Basist湿度指数(BWI)进行验证,表明反演结果能较好反映土壤水分的空间分布状况。