Phosphorus retention and release by sediments in the eutrophic Mai Po Marshes, Hong Kong

This study examined the phosphorus retention and release characteristics of sediments in the eutrophic Mai Po Marshes in Hong Kong. Results of chemical fractionation show that the sum of inorganic P pools exceeded 50% of the total sediment P content, with the redox-sensitive iron-bound P (Fe(OOH) approximately P) being the dominant P fraction. Given the considerable average Fe(OOH) approximately P concentration of 912 microg g(-1), Mai Po sediments demonstrated a great potential to release bioavailable P under low sediment redox potentials. This was further supported by the high mean anaerobic P flux of 31.8 mg m(-2)d(-1) recorded in Mai Po sediment cores, indicating the role of bottom sediments as a net P source. Although sediments in Mai Po had appreciable Langmuir adsorption maxima (1642-3582 mg kg(-1)), the high zero equilibrium P concentrations (0.02-0.51 mg L(-1)) obtained suggest that sediment sorption processes would contribute to sustaining the eutrophic conditions in overlying water column even with a further reduction in external P load. Concerted efforts should be made to reduce internal loading of P, especially under reducing conditions, to complement the implementation of zero discharge policy for Deep Bay for effective eutrophication abatement and long-term water quality improvement in the Mai Po Marshes.     

The distributions of particulate heavy metals and its indication to the transfer of sediments in the Changjiang Estuary and Hangzhou Bay,China

Particulate heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cd) were measured following intensive sampling in June and October 1994 at 70 stations in the Changjiang Estuary and Hangzhou Bay, China. In the study area, particulate Cu and Pb have a similar level that is higher than the concentration of particulate Cd. Cu, Pb and Cd concentrations in suspended sediments are higher than those in bed load. In the middle of Hangzhou Bay, heavy metal concentrations in suspended sediments and bed load are similar. This may be the result of the frequent exchange between them, which is due to the strong dynamic condition. A negative relationship was observed between concentrations of heavy metals in bed load and bulk density. Fine-grained sediments were the main carriers of heavy metals. Sedimentary dynamics dominate the fate of heavy metals in these sites. The distributions of metals (especially Cu) in suspended sediments can indicate the transfer of sediments in this area.     

太行山前平原地下调蓄远景区与类型

本文通过对太行山前平原地下调蓄的水文地质及水文条件、库容评价原则与方法和类型的分析,阐明了其地下调蓄能力及可利用性,给出了综合评价结果：石景山—大兴靶区、石家庄—晋县靶区和邢台靶区可作为南水北调地下调蓄首选目标,房山—容城靶区、望都—定县—新乐靶区和磁县—安阳靶区可作为南水北调地下调蓄的主要备选场所,邯郸靶区和辉县—新乡靶区适宜作为井灌小型地下调蓄场所。     

汶川地震后关于地震预测问题的再思考

汶川地震预测失败之后,笔者仍然坚持认为,地震是可以预测的,但存在多方面的困难,从根本上来说,需要等待地球科学的突破性发展与地学探测技术的革命性进步,但当前经过进一步完善现有的观测技术,加强异常动态的调查与落实,重建地震宏观异常监视系统,完全有可能进一步提高地震预测的成功率,尽最大可能减轻地震灾害,防止汶川地震这样的惨痛历史重现.     

PN断面东海黑潮的地转经验模态分析

基于东海PN断面近50年的历史水文数据,本文中作者应用一种斜压流函数空间投影的方法分析冲绳海槽北部黑潮水团的季节性和年代际变异.诊断生成的地转经验模态(GEM)显示黑潮中层水的盐度在夏季相对较低,春季达到最高.通过比较1987年之后CTD数据生成的GEM场与1987年之前BOttle数据生成的GEM场,得以证实黑潮的年代际变化特征,即黑潮表层水近20年来温度升高而盐度减小,同时发现黑潮热带水具有盐度增加而中层水具有盐度减小的趋势.     

古尔班通古特沙漠水文研究进展

干旱沙漠区水资源是改善生态环境和促进动植物生存的关键.综合古尔班通古特沙漠研究成果,分别对该沙漠气候特征、水分分布和水分来源、水分循环和生态水文过程等方面进行归纳,指出现有研究存在的不足.在此基础上对古尔班通古特沙漠今后研究的方向和内容进行展望,指出将该沙漠不同水体纳入整体研究,以期丰富该沙漠生态水文机制和进一步探讨干...