奶牛隐性乳房炎发生规律探讨

通过对某奶牛场泌乳牛群隐性乳房炎的调查和分析 ,研究了奶牛隐性乳房炎的发生规律。结果表明 ,该场奶牛隐性乳房炎的阳性率为 31.4 2 %、乳区临诊阳性率达到 10 .6 0 % ;隐性乳房炎的发生随着胎次和泌乳时间的增加而增加 ;左乳区阳性率高于右侧 ,前乳区高于后乳区。在牛群(场 )里进行经常性的临床和实验室检验是必要的。     

利用小波变换进行GPS振动观测值的异常探测

本文利用小波变换技术进行GPS振动观测值的异常探测,将GPS振动观测值序列视为一组观测信号,先利用小波低频分解提取信号趋势,再利用小波高频分解探测异常值的位置,提出结合观测体自身变形趋势判断异常值是否存在,再通过小波高频分解和小波阈值去噪找到异常值准确位置的探测方法。结合某GPS振动平台上的振动观测实验数据进行仿真分析,获得准确的异常探测结果。实践证明文中研究的异常值探测方法是可行的和有效的,为GPS振动观测值的异常探测提供新思路。     

Chemical composition of the Tertiary black shales of West Sabah, East Malaysia

The X-ray fluorescence and ICP methods were used to analyze 60 outcrop samples of black shale, of which 15 were collected from Belait, 15 from the Setap Shale, 15 from Temburong, and 15 from the Trusmadi formations. The average compositions of the shales from the study area are 64.62%, 63.95%, 62.32%, 63.84% SiO2, 1.84%, 2.14%, 2.04%, 1.99% MgO, 2.55%, 3.12%, 2.89%, 2.72% K2O, 0.32%, 0.30%, 0.32%, 0.53% CaO, 5.86%, 6.06%, 7.14%, 6.60% Fe2O3, 207×10^-6, 180×10^-6, 213×10^-6, 200×10^-6 Rb, and 56×10^-6, 49×10^-6, 50×10^-6, 32×10^-6 Sr for the Setap Shale, Temburong, Belait and Trusmadi samples, respectively. The high Rb/Sr ratios of 3.8, 3.7, 4.2, and 6.1 are attributed to the lowest contents of Sr due to reducing conditions prevailing. The high Rb/K ratio sug- gests either brackish marine or rapid deposition that prevented equilibrium between Rb and K in the shales and marine waters.     

Fourth-Order Conservative Transport on Overset Grids Using Multi-Moment Constrained Finite Volume Scheme for Oceanic Modeling

With an increase in model resolution, compact high-order numerical advection scheme can improve its effectiveness and competitiveness in oceanic modeling d     

城市化进程下北京平原渗流场与地面沉降发展演化模拟

北京地面沉降已有60多年的历史,其发生发展与半个多世纪城市的快速扩张密不可分.从整个北京平原地下水系统出发,梳理多年时间序列(1950-2015年)的城市发展规模、人口、水资源及开采动态等数据,结合遥感技术解译不同年代北京平原的不透水面变化,分析其对降雨入渗补给量的影响;构建整个北京平原含水层-弱透水层三维结构系统,借助PMWIN软件建立区域尺度的地下水流-地面沉降耦合模型,利用长期水位及沉降观测数据对模型进行识别验证;开展长时间序列的北京平原地下水水头场与地面沉降演化模拟,研究快速城市化进程下北京平原多层含水层系统渗流场演变与地面沉降响应特征.研究表明:长时间尺度区域地下水流场-地面沉降演化模拟基本再现了地面沉降形成和发展演化的过程;北京地下水开采历史与地面沉降发展历史具有一致性,而不同沉降区地面沉降发展受地下水开采和城市发展双重控制,是二者综合作用的结果.     

Decrease in snowfall/rainfall ratio in the Tibetan Plateau from 1961 to 2013

On the basis of two gridded datasets of daily precipitation and temperature with a spatial resolution of 0.5°×0.5°, and meteorological station data released by the National Meteorological Information Center (NMIC) during 1961–2013, the spatial and temporal variations of total amount of precipitation, amount of rainfall, amount of snowfall and snowfall/rainfall ratio (S/R) in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are analyzed using Sen’s slope, the Mann–Kendall mutation test, Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) and the Morlet wavelet. Total amount of precipitation and amount of rainfall generally show statistically significant increasing trends of 0.6 mm·a^–1 and 1.3 mm·a^–1, respectively, while amount of snowfall and S/R have significant decreasing trends of–0.6 mm·a^–1 and–0.5% a^–1, respectively. In most regions, due to significant increasing trends in total amount of precipitation and amount of rainfall, and significant decreasing trends in amount of snowfall, S/R shows a decreasing trend in the TP. Abrupt changes in total amount of precipitation, amount of rainfall, amount of snowfall and S/R are detected for 2005, 2004, 1996 and 1998, respectively. Total amount of precipitation, amount of rainfall, amount of snowfall and S/R are concentrated in cycles of approximately 5 years, 10 years, 16 years and 20 years, respectively. The trend magnitudes for total amount of precipitation and amount of rainfall all show decreasing-to-increasing trends with elevation, while amount of snowfall and S/R show decreasing trends.     

东北地区的创新能力演化及其经济带动作用分析

通过建立创新能力指标体系和计算模型,并采用相关分析、回归分析、变异系数等方法,从不同空间层级剖析了东北三省的创新能力发展格局及其对经济发展的带动作用,并根据研究结果提出了相关政策建议。研究发现：① 从创新能力分析,吉林、辽宁的创新能力增长较快而黑龙江相对较慢,省际差异呈扩大态势;地级市之间的创新能力相差悬殊,呈现明显的省会城市及门户城市集聚效应,但市级差异呈缩小态势。② 从创新贡献率分析,辽宁的科技创新转化能力及其对经济发展的带动相对较强,而吉林、黑龙江相对较弱;地级市差异较大,沈阳、大连、长春、大庆的创新贡献率比较突出,而锦州、吉林、盘锦、铁岭上升较快。③ 大部分地级市的创新发展对经济带动模式为“低创新能力-弱经济带动”和“高创新能力-强经济带动”,说明各地级市的创新发展及其对经济带动的两极分化较严重。     

低温气体辅助煤层气压裂中的冷冲击机理

液N₂等气体辅助煤层气压裂的常规机理已较为清楚,但其低温特征对煤层物性的影响以及对压裂效果的改善机理尚未引起重视,缺乏理论认识.归纳总结了低温气体对煤岩的冷冲击作用机制,评价了地层水的结冰条件和低温气体的热物性,通过室内实验和数值模拟等手段验证和预测了液N₂对煤岩及近井煤层的冷冲击效果,并进行了冷冲击机理应用潜力分析.研究结果表明,煤层气压裂过程中注入N₂等低温气体对煤层进行冷冲击,可引起煤岩基质收缩和地层水结冰膨胀,使煤岩产生大量微裂缝和力学强度降低(10%~30%),有利于实现冰晶暂堵和改善煤层气压裂效果.以沁水盆地樊庄区块3#煤层为例,当液N₂注入总量为30~120 m3时,可在近井周围3~5 m内形成低温区(＜-20 ℃),煤层孔隙度将平均增大约1.5倍,渗透率增大4倍,还可造成煤岩的拉伸和挤压破坏.利用低温气体的冷冲击机理及其产生的冰晶暂堵可以作为改进煤层气和页岩气压裂工艺的新方向.      

Dynamic response characteristics of a rock slope with discontinuous joints under the combined action of earthquakes and rapid water drawdown

In order to study the dynamic response characteristics of a rock slope with discontinuities under the combined action of earthquakes and rapid water drawdown, a large-scale shaking table test was performed on a rock slope with discontinuous joints. Wenchuan earthquake (WE) seismic records were performed to investigate the horizontal and vertical acceleration response and displacement response. In particular, three-dimensional optical measurement techniques was used to obtain the slope surface displacements. A comparison was made on the seismic response according to the analysis of PGD (peak ground displacement) and M _PGA (acceleration amplification coefficient) of the modeled slope. The results show that the experimental slope mainly underwent settlement and horizontal deformation when the WE records were applied in the z and x directions, respectively. The slope was first shaken by the P wave, which caused the differential settlement to occur at the surface slope; then, the slope was shaken more severely by the S wave, which led to a greater horizontal deformation. Moreover, analysis of the ΔPGD (increment of PGD) and ΔM _PGA (increment of M _PGA) under rapid drawdown suggests that the rapid water drawdown mainly impacts the deformation of the surface slope, particularly between the high and low water levels. The water infiltration through the cracks softened the material of the surface slope, and the rapid drawdown also enhanced the slope deformation. In addition, the damage evolution process of the slope can be identified, mainly including three stages: an elastic stage (<?0.168 g), a plastic stage (0.168–0.336 g), and a failure stage (>?0.336 g).