DNA barcode assessment of Ceramiales (Rhodophyta) in the intertidal zone of the northwestern Yellow Sea

A total of 142 specimens of Ceramiales(Rhodophyta) were collected each month from October 2011 to November 2012 in the intertidal zone of the northwestern Yellow Sea. These specimens covered 21 species,14 genera,and four families. Cluster analyses show that the specimens had a high diversity for the three DNA markers,namely,partial large subunit r RNA gene(LSU),universal plastid amplicon(UPA),and partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene(COI). No intraspecific divergence was found in our collection for these markers,except for a 1–3 bp divergence in the COI of Ceramium kondoi,Symphyocladia latiuscula,and Neosiphonia japonica. Because short DNA markers were used,the phylogenetic relationships of higher taxonomic levels were hard to evaluate with poor branch support. More than half species of our collection failed to find their matched sequences owing to shortage information of DNA barcodes for macroalgae in Gen Bank or BOLD(Barcode of Life Data) Systems. Three specimens were presumed as H eterosiphonia crispella by cluster analyses on DNA barcodes assisted by morphological identification,which was the first record in the investigated area,implying that it might be a cryptic or invasive species in the coastal area of northwestern Yellow Sea. In the neighbor-joining trees of all three DNA markers,H eterosiphonia japonica converged with D asya spp. and was distant from the other Heterosiphonia spp.,implying that H. japonica had affinities to the genus Dasya. The LSU and UPA markers amplified and sequenced easier than the COI marker across the Ceramiales species,but the COI had a higher ability to discriminate between species.     

塔里木盆地塔中-巴楚地区上奥陶统良里塔格组米兰科维奇旋回性沉积记录研究

通过露头、钻井岩芯沉积相观察及高频旋回识别,结合全岩碳氧同位素旋回、自然伽玛能谱测井ln(Th/K)值频谱分析及地震反射特征,研究了塔里木盆地塔中—巴楚地区分布的上奥陶统良里塔格组开阔台地及外缓坡相碳酸盐岩中发育的四～六级高频层序(旋回)特征及其叠置关系。认为其六级米级旋回、五级准层序及四级准层序组可能分别与20～40ka、100ka及400ka周期的Milankovitch日-地轨道气候旋回有关,并识别出该区良里塔格组由11～12个400ka周期的准层序组构成。提出海相碳酸盐岩全岩或生物壳碳同位素值可作为反映全球海平面相对变化的指标及识别形成三级层序的主控因素(全球海平面变化、地区性构造沉降-抬升运动)的方法——碳同位素-沉积旋回对比分析法。晚奥陶世良里塔格组沉积时期,塔中台地北缘总体表现为向上变浅的加积型沉积叠置型式,主要与塔中I号断裂活动控制形成的高陡型镶边台地边缘有关;巴楚台地西北缘则表现为向上变浅的加积-进积复合型沉积叠置型式,主要与其断裂活动弱、受沉积作用控制为主的缓坡台地边缘有关。塔中-巴楚台地良里塔格组表现为一个完整三级层序的形成与演化,主要受控于该台地的构造(沉降-抬升)运动而不是全球海平面变化,属于典型的地区性构造层序及不具有全球对比意义。     

新疆鄯善县阿奇山一带火山岩特征及构造意义

东天山的板块汇聚一造山运动时间置于泥盆末一早石炭世,或置于晚石炭世,或置于早二叠世是长期争议的问题。近年来,通过新疆鄯善阿奇山一带1：5万区域矿产地质调查项目工作,对东天山造山带南部的早中石炭世中一中酸性火山岩系、火山韵律及岩石化学分析研究,认为该套火山岩属较典型的岛弧火山岩组合,表明早中石炭世是天山洋盆重要的汇聚阶段。     

新疆东准噶尔地区金矿床类型、地质特征

东准噶尔地区构造上位于哈萨克斯坦－准噶尔板块之巴尔喀什-准噶尔微板块北缘古生代陆缘活动带, 晚古生代是该区构造变形、岩浆活动和成矿作用的主要阶段。区内金矿可分为3个主要类型: 产于晚古生代凝灰岩、杂砂岩、浊积岩中的金矿, 产于海西期中酸性(偏碱性)侵入岩及其接触带中金矿, 产于晚古生代火山岩系中的金矿, 典型的代表性矿床分别为双泉金矿、黄羊山西金矿、双峰山金矿。三类金矿在赋矿围岩、控矿构造、矿床(体)规模/品位、围岩蚀变、金属矿物组合、成矿元素组合等多个方面均存在差异, 其原因是三者成矿作用过程中主要控矿因素、成矿机理的不同。     

塔里木盆地寒武系层序地层格架

通过露头、钻测井及地震层序地层特征综合分析,建立了塔里木盆地寒武系三级层序地层格架,将寒武系划分出6个可全盆地追踪与对比的三级层序。结合反映全球海平面相对变化的全岩碳同位素旋回与反映沉积古水深相对变化的沉积旋回的对比分析,可将塔里木盆地寒武系三级层序分为主要受全球海平面变化控制形成的全球海平面层序(层序CSQ2、CSQ4、CSQ5、CSQ6)及主要受地区性构造沉降作用控制形成的构造层序(层序CSQ1、CSQ3)2类。塔北轮南地区寒武系台地边缘总体呈现由早寒武世的缓坡向中—晚寒武世的镶边台地的演变以及由西向东的进积叠置型式,推测主要与寒武纪全球海平面总体微弱下降及塔里木盆地基底沉降速率总体稳定且较小有关。     

Last glacial terrestrial vegetation record of leaf wax n-alkanols in the northern South China Sea: Contrast to scenarios from long-chain n-alkanes

Long-chain n-alkanols and n-alkanes in core sediments from the northern South China Sea (SCS) were measured to make a comparison during terrestrial vegetation reconstruction from ~42 ka to ~7 ka. The results showed that terrestrial vegetation record from long-chain n-alkanes matched well with previous studies in nearby cores, showing that more C₄ plants developed during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and C₃ plants dominated in the interglacial period. However, these scenarios were not revealed by terrestrial vegetation reconstruction using long-chain n-alkanols, which showed C₃ plant expansion during the LGM. The discrepancy during the interglacial period could be attributed to the aerobic degradation of functionalized long-chain n-alkanols in the oxygen-rich bottom water, resulting in poor preservation of terrestrial vegetation signals. On the other hand, the different advantages of functionalized n-alkanols and non-functional n-alkanes to record local and distal vegetation signals, respectively, may offer a potential explanation for the contradiction during the LGM when the SCS was characterized by low-oxygen deep water. Nevertheless, large variations on n-alkyl lipid compositions in C₃/C₄ plants could play a part in modulating sedimentary long-chain n-alkanols and n-alkanes toward different vegetation signals, thereby suggesting that caution must be taken in respect to the terrestrial vegetation reconstruction using long-chain n-alkanes and long-chain n-alkanols.     

HY-1C/D卫星中国海洋水色水温扫描仪几何定位方法

海洋一号C/D（HY-1C/D）卫星中国海洋水色水温扫描仪（Chinese Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner,COCTS）主要用于探测海洋水色、水温等要素,这些要素需要经过卫星资料处理才能获取,而几何定位是预处理的核心,直接影响这些要素的质量。COCTS具有114°视场角和四元逐点摆扫的特征,据此研究出一套完整的几何定位方法。从0级数据中提取卫星星历,利用插值法从中获取采样时间对应的卫星位置和速度,进而得到轨道（ORB）坐标系到地心旋转（ECR）坐标系的转换矩阵。基于四元逐点摆扫的特征,中心视矢量分别绕X轴、Y轴旋转相应角度,获得扫描行各采样点ORB视矢量,建立视矢量与地球交叉点关系模型,从而对根据波段数据绘制的遥感图像进行地理定位。本文使用插值法替代了传统需要6个轨道根数来计算卫星位置的复杂方法,同时直接计算ORB到ECR的转换矩阵,而不采用传统的两步转换方法。经过多组数据计算及定性定量验证,HY-1C/D COCTS几何定位结果一致;采样像元尺度效应导致从星下点到两侧边缘、从赤道到两极,误差逐渐增大,约在两个像元内。该方法满足一定的定位精度要求,可以用于COCTS的几何定位。