岩溶沉积堆积建造类型及其特征

岩溶沉积— 堆积建造是岩溶作用形成的产物,是认识岩溶发育史、发育规律的物质依据,是岩溶作用时间和空间的记录。本文根据岩溶沉积— 堆积建造的成因以及赋存空间的相互关系,将岩溶沉积—堆积建造划分为岩溶外(地表)沉积和岩溶内(洞穴)沉积两大类;而依据沉积建造的成岩物质及其形成作用,又可分为不含矿的岩溶外沉积、含矿的岩溶外沉积、不含矿的岩溶内沉积和含矿的岩溶内沉积等四大亚类。此外,还根据大地构造运动与岩溶的发育关系,将中国岩溶发育史划分为五大岩溶建造期: ( 1)元古代古岩溶期; ( 2)早古生代加里东古岩溶期; ( 3)晚古生代海西古岩溶期; ( 4)中生代印支和燕山古岩溶期;( 5)新生代喜山岩溶期。      

青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)TLR2基因的克隆与表达分析

利用转录组文库分析得到青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)的Toll样受体2(Toll-like receptor 2,TLR2)基因序列,采用荧光定量PCR法分析该基因的表达过程。结果显示,青蛤TLR2基因的cDNA开放阅读框为2082bp,编码693个氨基酸,具典型的LRRs、单次跨膜区和TIR结构域。该基因在血淋巴中的表达量最高,与肝脏、鳃、外套膜、闭壳肌和性腺有显著性差异(P0.05)。在鳗弧菌和Poly I:C刺激下,青蛤血淋巴中TLR2基因3h开始升高,48h达到最大值,与对照组和空白组有极显著性差异(P0.01);藤黄微球菌刺激下,血淋巴中CsTLR2基因3h开始升高,48h亦达到最大值,实验组与对照组有显著性差异(P0.05)。     

Geostatistical analysis of variations in soil salinity in a typical irrigation area in Xinjiang, northwest China

Characterizing spatial and temporal variability of soil salinity is tremendously important for a variety of agronomic and environmental concerns in arid irrigation areas. This paper reviews the characteristics and spatial and temporal variations of soil salinization in the Ili River Irrigation Area by applying a geostatistical approach. Results showed that:(1) the soil salinity varied widely, with maximum value of 28.10 g/kg and minimum value of 0.10 g/kg, and was distributed mainly at the surface soil layer. Anions were mainly SO_4~(2-) and Cl~-, while cations were mainly Na~+ and Ca~(2+);(2) the abundance of salinity of the root zone soil layer for different land use types was in the following order: grassland cropland forestland. The abundance of salinity of root zone soil layers for different periods was in the following order: March June September;(3) the spherical model was the most suitable variogram model to describe the salinity of the 0–3 cm and 3–20 cm soil layers in March and June, and the 3–20 cm soil layer in September, while the exponential model was the most suitable variogram model to describe the salinity of the 0–3 cm soil layer in September. Relatively strong spatial and temporal structure existed for soil salinity due to lower nugget effects; and(4) the maps of kriged soil salinity showed that higher soil salinity was distributed in the central parts of the study area and lower soil salinity was distributed in the marginal parts. Soil salinity tended to increase from the marginal parts to the central parts across the study area. Applying the kriging method is very helpful in detecting the problematic areas and is a good tool for soil resources management. Managing efforts on the appropriate use of soil and water resources in such areas is very important for sustainable agriculture, and more attention should be paid to these areas to prevent future problems.     

阿留申俯冲带几何学特征及运动学成因模式

阿留申俯冲带位于环太平洋俯冲带最北端,是东太平洋型俯冲和西太平洋俯冲的过渡区域。该俯冲带火山岛弧距离海沟的距离从东向西逐渐增大,而形成地球上独特的岛弧火山链与海沟V字型斜交的现象。这一现象的运动学成因目前并没有统一的认识。本文通过对阿留申俯冲带几何形态数据、运动学数据进行整理分析,尝试运用构造赤道理论探讨该现象形成的运动学背景。阿留申俯冲带的几何学数据表明:从俯冲带东段(175°E)至俯冲带西段(155°W),火山岛弧距俯冲海沟的距离从80 km增加至250 km。与此同时,俯冲板片的倾角由60°减小至30°。板块的运动学分析表明:相对北美板块,太平洋板块的东段的运动矢量为48 mm/a,向北运动;逐渐转变为西段的78mm/a,向西北方向运动。相对于软流圈,太平洋板块的运动方向没有改变,始终向西北方向运动,速率向西逐渐增加。因此,在俯冲带的东段太平洋板块的绝对运动方向和相对运动方向存在30°左右的夹角,而这个夹角在西段几乎不存在。太平洋板块的绝对运动方向和相对运动方向之间的夹角不同,会导致软流圈对俯冲板片的反作用力差异,从而形成不同的俯冲角度和俯冲带宽度。太平洋板块相对北美板块和相对地幔的速度方向夹角的变化被认为是引起阿留申火山弧与海沟"V"字型斜交的运动学成因。     

适合中等水流的Boussinesq方程

推导了含量阶为O(ε1/2)的瞬变非均匀流的Boussinesq水波方程,讨论了该量阶水流对流场速度和压力分布的影响,采用了Crank-Nicolson格式的预估-校正有限差分法对该方程进行了数值求解.把数值结果与无水流情况的实验结果进行了对比,验证了该方程和数值计算方法的有效性,与经典的Boussinesq方程和含量阶为O(1)的瞬变非均匀流的Boussinesq水波方程的计算结果进行了比较,考察了该方程的适用范围.     

塔西南阿其克背斜地质构造特征及与油气关系

阿其克背斜是塔里木盆地西南坳陷南缘的一个横向转换构造,该构造的特殊性在于其枢纽走向与造山带总体是垂直的,而非平行.笔者通过分析阿其克背斜南、中、北3段地质剖面及各剖面中核部与两翼地层的极射赤平投影,揭示了阿其克背斜的几何学、运动学、动力学特征.结合地震解释剖面、区域构造背景及前人研究成果,建立了阿其克背斜形成过程的地质模型,认为它是在断层传播褶皱和断层转折褶皱共同作用下,以断层传播作用为主分3个阶段形成的断坡背斜构造,垂向上自下而上分原地系统、准原地系统和外来系统中的推覆体3个构造层次.塔里木盆地的菱形边界性质造成阿其克地区EW向的挤压应力场.由于背斜上部外来系统中的推覆体南部翘起遭受剥蚀,东侧被阿其克断层破坏,因此对油气圈闭不利,但在北部异地推覆体之下,原地系统中过熟烃源岩及毗邻凹陷内的烃源岩可以通过断层、不整合面向上部准原地系统中的宽缓背斜圈闭供给油气.     

Damage by Swelling Clay and Experimental Study of Cyclic Foam Stimulation

<正>The performances of the formation damage are permeability decreasing,skin factor increasing and productivity index decreasing.Generally,formation damage is not reversible.This phenomenon is known as reverse funnel effect(Porter 1989).People have been trying to find effective ways to remedy the reservoir damage.Stimulation and hydraulic fracture are traditional     

A numerical study on the role of wind forcing,bottom topography,and nonhydrostacy in coastal upwelling

The responses of coastal upwelling to different magnitudes of wind stress over a narrow and a wide shelf are studied using a 3-D primitive equation numerical model. The results show that the position of the upwelling front depends on both the strength and the duration of the wind forcing. The comparison between different shelf widths shows that wide shelf will limit the cold water intrusion, so that the corresponding decrease in sea surface temperature is less compared to narrow shelves. Besides, the difference between hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic model results shows that nonhydrostatic effects will enhance the growth of surface meandering, and can be more pronounced near steep fronts. Although difference does exist, our results show that the nonhydrostatic effects are very small at least in this idealized study case.     

基于ArcGIS Engine的地理信息数据库管理系统设计与实现

随着社会的发展,空间信息在国土、规划等各领域的应用越来越广泛,且其容量也呈几何级增长,如何安全高效地管理、分发空间数据,成为深入应用地理信息系统功能的必要前提。本文以作者实际工作为基础,介绍了利用ESRI公司最新产品ArcGIS Engine开发包设计实现地理信息数据库管理系统的具体方法。