闽东南大陆边缘构造特征及泉州海外大震构造环境分析

闽东南大陆边缘构造活动，自晚更新世以来，断裂活动以继承性差异升降作为主要特点，本文分析了１６０４年１２月２９日泉州海外８级大震与该区断裂活动的关系，并对该次大震震源断层面错动方式进行了讨论。     

Appraisal of regional and index flood quantile estimators

Our results illustrate the performance of at-site and regional GEV/PWM flood quantile estimators in regions with different coefficients of variation, degrees of regional heterogeneity, record lengths, and number of sites. Analytic approximations of bias and variance are employed. For realistic GEV distributions and short records, the index-flood quantile estimator performs better than a 2-parameter GEV/PWM quantile estimator with a regional shape parameter, or a 3-parameter at-site GEV/PWM quantile estimator, in both humid and especially in arid regions, as long as the degree of regional heterogeneity is moderate. As regional heterogeneity or record lengths increases, 2-parameter estimators quickly dominate. Flood frequency models that assign probabilities larger than 2% to negative flows are unrealistic; experiments employing such distributions provide questionable results. This appraisal generally demonstrates the value of regionalizing estimators of the shape of a flood distribution, and sometimes the coefficient of variation.     

攀西地区重力均衡异常的研究

研究表明,康滇地轴及其东部地区属均衡补偿平衡区,西部属强烈上升的异常区。上升的原动力为板块碰撞的构造力与均衡调整力的综合。     

义县留龙沟金矿含金矿物特征

本文对留龙沟金矿的矿物成分、共生关系、矿物生成顺序,成矿温度进行了一些研究,为探讨矿床成因提供一些资料。     

寒潮冷堆增强的动力原因

本文利用动力学诊断方法分析了1979年11月一次东亚寒潮过程,证明500毫巴冷中心在南移过程中不断增强是由于寒潮冷空气堆中存在上升运动使空气绝热膨胀冷却所致。文中还从动力学观点解释了寒潮过程中垂直反环流的成因。指出对流层高层(300毫巴)急流核上游(入口区)和下游(出口区)存在相反的铅直环流,上游为正环流,下游为反环流。急流核两侧存在强大的正负切变涡度平流是使急流核上,下游存在性质相反的铅直环流的原因。文中近似计算了这次寒潮过程中槽后偏北急流核两侧空气的12小时二维轨迹,证明槽后偏北急流核左侧强大的正切变涡度中心及其相应的下游正涡度平流引起了寒潮冷空气堆上空质量辐散。因此在寒潮分析和预报时应注意围绕西风槽的急流分布的不均匀性,特别是300毫巴槽后偏北急流中急流核的存在及其活动对预报寒潮冷空气堆的增强是十分重要的。     

正压原始方程套网格试验

本文用“单向”(one—way)方法进行正压原始方程套网格试验。粗、细网格均采用空间分解准拉格朗日格式和由廖洞贤等提出的与此差分格式一致的内边界条件(即方案二)。试验结果表明,用方案二作出的24小时细网格预报,与按半动量格式和粗网格直接给细网格提供内边界条件(即方案一)所得的结果相比,去除了在流出处出现的不稳定,系统的流入、流出也较好。这两种方案再加上Davies“松弛区域”的方法(分别为方案四,方案三),其结果与上述类似,且方案四比方案二还要好些。     

与西太平洋暖池上空对流年际变化相关联的大气环流和海温

诊断分析了热带西太平洋暖池上空对流弱和强的情况下,大气环流和海温所表现出来的差异。本文中西太平洋暖池是指（１１０－１６０°Ｅ,１０－２０°Ｎ）地区,向外射出长波辐射（ＯＬＲ）在该地区具有明显的年际变率。对西太平洋暖池对流弱和强之间大气环流和海温的差别进行了合成分析。首先,利用 ＮＣＥＰ／ ＮＣＡＰ再分析资料和卫星观测的 ＯＬＲ资料进行了分析。之后,利用欧洲中期天气预报中心再分析资料和再分析计算而得的ＯＬＲ资料重复进行了合成分析。合成结果表明由这两套资料所分析得到的结果非常相象。与西太平洋暖池上空弱（强）对流显著对应的大气环流表现为北太平洋副热带高压的西伸（东退）,以及副高西北侧更强（弱）的西风。此外,在局地（即暖池）上空,还显著对应着东（西）风异常和下沉（上升）气流异常。对应于西太平洋暖池对流强弱,最为显著的海温差别（对流弱减去对流强）为印度洋、孟加拉湾和南海的正海温异常。也就是说,西太洋暖池上空的对流与局地海温异常只有微弱的联系,而与其西部的海温异常密切相关。     

Carbon Storage in Terrestrial Ecosystems of China: Estimates at Different Spatial Resolutions and Their Responses to Climate Change

The carbon storage of terrestrial ecosystems in China was estimated using acommon carbon density method for vegetation and soils relating to thevegetation types. Usingmedian density estimates, carbon storage of 35.23 Gt (1 Gt = 10¹⁵g) in biomass and119.76 Gt in soils with total of 154.99 Gt were calculated based on thebaseline distribution of37 vegetation types. Total carbon storage of the median estimates at differentspatial resolutionswas 153.43, 158.08 and 158.54 Gt, respectively, for the fine (10),median (20) and coarse (30)latitude × longitude grids. There were differences of –1.56, +3.09and +3.55 Gt carbon storagebetween baseline vegetation and those at different spatial resolutions. Changein mappingresolution would change area estimates and hence carbon storage estimates. Thefiner the spatialresolution in mapping vegetation, the closer the carbon storage to thebaseline estimation. Carbonstorage in vegetation and soils for baseline vegetation is quite similar tothat of biomes predictedby BIOME3 for the present climate and CO₂ concentration of 340ppmv. Climate changealone as well as climate change with elevated CO₂ concentrationwill produce an increasein carbon stored by vegetation and soils, especially a larger increase in thesoils. Total mediancarbon storage of terrestrial ecosystems in China will increase by 5.09 Gt and15.91 Gt for theclimate scenario at CO₂ concentration of 340 ppmv and 500 ppmv,respectively. This ismainly due to changes in vegetation areas and the effects of changes inclimate and CO₂concentration.     

鲜水河断裂带的构造大地测量

利用短边GPS点阵、短基线标石阵和精密激光测距 ,在与鲜水河断裂带的断层破裂带垂直的剖面上和构造盆地内进行构造大地测量 ,获得了断层软弱带和断层蠕变带上的最佳形变分布。综合利用相关地学成果和理论 ,揭示了构造形变所隐含的动力学信息 ,识别了断层应变带、塑性流变带和主断面在地面的分布范围。用外围GPS远场联测成果探讨了该断裂带的驱动力机制 ,匡正了其“左旋”运动和现今活动速度的含义。最后 ,评估了该断裂的地震活动趋势     

箱法在草地温室气体通量野外实验观测中的应用研究

利用静态箱法采样,配以气相色谱仪法分析对草地N2O、CH4和CO2温室气体通量进行了较系统的现场测量,同时对箱体内外温度进行同步观测。在对野外原位观测实验数据进行定量分析的基础上,论证了静态箱法对草原土壤-植被系统的N2O、CH4和CO2通量测量的适用性和科学性,讨论了实验结果的可靠性。