Distribution and sources of organochlorine pesticides in water and sediments from Daliao River estuary of Liaodong Bay,Bohai Sea (China)

The levels of 19 kinds of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the aqueous phase, suspended particulate matter (SPM), pore water and sediments from Daliao River estuary of Liaodong Bay (Bohai Sea) in northeast China were investigated to evaluate their potential pollution risks. The total OCPs concentrations in the aqueous phase, SPM, pore water and sediments were 3.7–30.1 ng l⁻¹, 4.6–52.6 ng l⁻¹, 157–830 ng l⁻¹ and 2.1–21.3 ng g⁻¹ dry weight, respectively. The concentrations of OCPs, in the Daliao River estuary, are in the mid-range, as compared to those reported in other estuaries worldwide. The distribution of HCHs and DDTs were different indicating different contamination sources. Lindane is the main type of HCH and continuing use in northeast China of ‘pure’ HCH (lindane) rather than technical HCH accounts for the source. The ratios of (DDE + DDD)/DDT in the samples indicate no recent inputs of these chemicals to the estuary.     

4种微生态制剂对对虾育苗水体主要水质指标的影响

研究了由球形红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomlonas sphaeroides)、噬菌蛭弧菌(Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus)及黏红酵母(Rhodotorula glutinis)制成的4种微生态制剂对中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)育苗水质的影响.结果表明,试验组与对照组相比都能明显净化水质,试验组中以添加噬菌蛭弧菌和黏红酵母组的效果最差,添加球形红假单胞茵和噬茵蛭弧茵组的效果最好,此组水质的pH值稳定,NH4+-N明显下降,而亚硝酸盐、化学需氧量及硫化物等指标也优于其他试验组.统计分析显示,试验组与对照组相比,细菌数降低了3个数量级,添加嗜菌蛭弧菌试验组在减少异养茵(包含有害细菌)方面效果较好.同时用鳗弧菌攻毒,在5 d内,对照组的死亡率显著高于试验组(P<0.05),试验组免疫保护率为29.4%～58.5%,以添加嗜菌蛭弧菌和球形红假单胞菌组最高.建议联合使用噬菌蛭孤菌和球形红假单胞菌,混合密度初步定为2×105个/mL.     

贻贝抗菌肽的研究进展

抗菌肽是一类广泛存在于整个生物界中的双亲性小分子碱性多肽,是生物体固有免疫的关键因子之一.自Steiner等在天蚕(Hyaophora cecropia)中发现世界上第一个抗菌肽-天蚕素(Cecropin)后,到目前为止,在各种生物中总共发现了1 200多种抗菌肽.     

九龙江河口区表层沉积物重金属元素分布特征及其沉积环境

通过对九龙江河口表层沉积物的重金属元素含量、沉积物粒度等要素进行分析,结合相关与聚类分析等统计手段,探讨了九龙江河口地区的沉积环境与重金属元素含量特征的关系.结果表明,即使在沉积环境复杂的河口地区,重金属含量分布与沉积物粒度仍存在明显的对应关系.受沉积动力影响,不同的重金属元素分布在九龙江河口地区表现出较大差异,而嵩屿至屿仔尾一带呈带状南北向展布的重金属相对高值条带值得引起注意.     

渤黄海海平面的变化及其与ENSO的关系

利用1992年12月至2007年5月的高度计资料,研究了渤黄海海平面的变化特征。统计分析表明,近14a间渤海及北黄海、中央黄海海平面的平均上升高度分别为45.9mm和34.7mm,各海域的海平面上升速度不完全相同。研究发现,南方涛动指数(SOI)、纬向风应力距平都与渤海及北黄海、中央黄海的SLA呈负相关性,渤黄海海平面显著受SOI、纬向风应力调制,并且,SOI与渤黄海海域的风场之间有良好相关。将坐标系进行旋转后,获得与当地海平面异常相关最大的风应力方向。对SLA与新坐标系下风应力距平u的低频分量分析发现,渤海及北黄海海区、中央黄海对海平面影响最大的风应力距平u方向分别为东偏南20°方向、东偏南8°方向,风应力距平u分量与SLA、SOI的低频分量呈现更好的相关性。ENSO通过大气环流过程对渤黄海海域的风场产生影响,当地风场通过纬向风应力对渤黄海海平面的年际变化产生调制作用。因此,ENSO可以通过风应力对渤黄海海平面产生影响。     

胶州湾桩基式海上新城建筑

结合胶州湾的地理位置、地质地貌、沉积物、水动力、泥沙运动方面的区域背景及近年来淤积情况,分析海上新城的建筑方式,参考青岛海洋规划方案和经济技术能力,提出桩基式海上新城的构想。运用经验公式对桩基的冲刷深度和范围进行预测,讨论了桩基式海上新城构思对胶州湾淤积现状的改变和对青岛市发展的影响,认为青岛胶州湾建造桩基式海上新城是未来海洋利用和未来新兴城市的发展形式之一。     

Urban three-dimensional expansion and its driving forces —A case study of Shanghai, China

Urban expansion is a phenomenon of urban space increase, and an important measuring index of the process of urbanization. Taking Shanghai as an example, the changes of urban average height and built-up area were studied to represent city’s vertical and horizontal increases respectively, and statistical methods were used to analyze the driving forces of urban expansion. The research drew following conclusions: 1) The urban expansion process of Shanghai from 1985 to 2006 had a clear periodic feature, and could be divided into three stages: vertical expansion in dominance, coordinated vertical and horizontal expansion, and horizontal expansion in dominance. 2) The average height and quantity of buildings in core city were significantly bigger than those in suburbs, but the changing speed of the latter was faster. And 3) urbanization process was the major driving force for the city’s horizontal expansion, while industrial structure improvement was the key driving factor for the vertical expansion. Those two driving forces were simultaneously affected by city’s political factors.     

Application of matter-element model in soil nutrient evaluation of ecological fragile region

On the basis of the soil environment investigation in Da'an City, Jilin Province, China, 40 soil samples from main land use types were obtained and tested by standard method. Soil organic matter (SOM), total N (TN), total P (TP), total K (TK), available N (AN), available P (AP) and available K (AK) were chosen as the evaluation factors. A regional soil nutrient evaluation model was developed based on the matter-element model. The results show that the soil samples with nutrient grade Ⅱ-Ⅴ respectively account for 10%, 30%, 32.5% and 27.5%, and those with grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ account for 60% in all samples. The relationship between soil nutrients and land types indicates that the nutrients of farmland are relatively good, with 41.7% of soil samples with the nutrient grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ. The nutrients of saline-alkali land and sandy land are the worst, with 100% of soil samples with the nutrient grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ. And the ratios of soil samples grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ in grassland and wasteland are respectively 62.5 % and 54.55%. Generally speaking, the soil nutrients status in Da'an City is poor, 60% of soil samples are in poor and extremely poor conditions, indicating that the soil has been severely eroded. Being a relatively superior evaluation method with more accurate resuits and spatial distribution consistency, matter-element analysis is more suitable for regional soil nutrient evaluation than previous models.     

The study of Mg isotope compositions of terrestrial rocks and meteorites

The study of Mg isotopes has been carried out for about 40 years since 1970 s. With analytical progress, the study is not only limited to the excess of 26Mg due to decay of short-lived 26Al in primitive meteorites, also extended to mass-dependent fractionation of Mg isotopes in meteorites and terrestrial rocks. This paper reviews recent development in Mg isotope researches.     

二维视频三维化的新方法

基于3DsMAX软件平台,根据对二维视频中帧间物体与摄像机位置关系和现有的二维视频转三维的方法的分析,提出了一种二维视频转化成3DTV的新思路--利用视频帧间本身具有的三维视差信息对运动物体进行图像处理后所得图像作为视差图,同时运用三维合图程序得到用于显示的合成图,并对其可行性作了理论和实验t的比较分析,实验证明该方法在某些特定环境中的可操作性,比较了与其他三维化方法的优劣.