等距离正圆柱投影世界挂图上大圆航线的绘制

针对世界挂图上全球任意两点间大圆航线绘制存在的问题,通过总结当前几种常用于大圆航线绘制的世界挂图投影存在的不足,提出采用等距离正圆柱投影作为世界挂图投影并分析其适用性。从大圆航线在等距离正圆柱投影中的方程及其曲率入手,按照计算机制图中"以直代曲"的研究思路,给出了一种在等距离正圆柱投影世界挂图上绘制大圆航线的方法,最后以我国南极科考航线所需参考的大圆航线绘制实例验证了该方法的可行性与实用性。     

Strategy of photo-protection in phytoplankton assemblages in the Kongsfjorden,Svalbard, Arctic

Photo-protective functions were investigated in phytoplankton assemblages at Kongsfjorden, Svalbard in spring, using their UV-absorbing compounds (mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs)), xanthophyll pigments (diadinoxanthin (DD) and diatoxanthin (DT)) and < beta >- dimethylsulphoniopropionate (< beta >_-DMSP). The dominant phytoplankton species in the inner bay were dominated by Phaeocystis spp. and nanoflagellates, while the offshore waters were dominated by Thalassiosira spp. In the inner bay, UVabsorbing compounds and xanthophyll pigments exhibited higher ratios of MAA to chlorophyll a (MAA:chl a ratio), and both DD and DT to chlorophyll a (DD:chl a ratio and DT:chl a ratio), respectively. Thus, the photoprotective-pigments such as DD and DT appear to complement MAAs in the natural phytoplankton assemblage. However, the ratio of < beta >_-DMSP to chlorophyll a (< beta >_-DMSP:chl a ratio) did not show a distinct spatial distribution according to environmental factors or interspecies differences. In this study, we found that photoprotective compounds occurred in a manner dependent on the phytoplankton species composition in Kongsfjorden Bay, where Phaeocystis is the dominant species.     

管状蠕虫Ridgeia piscesae TAK1的克隆及其转基因果蝇制备

Ridgeia piscesae是唯一一种存在于东北太平洋Juan de Fuca Ridge热液区的管状蠕虫,我们成功通过RACE PCR获得Ridgeia piscesae TAK1(Rp TAK1)基因全长c DNA序列.为深入研究TAK1基因在管状蠕虫中的作用,本文通过显微注射获得Rp TAK1转基因果蝇,并在果蝇体内成功过表达Rp TAK1基因.我们发现由Rp TAK1编码的氨基酸序列具有一定保守性,可能暗示其功能上的保守性,同时也暗示TAK1蛋白在物种进化中的保守性.而过表达突变体果蝇的眼睛出现变异,包括眼睛变得粗糙、单眼排列不整齐及整体形状变小,可以看出Rp TAK1基因影响果蝇的机体发育,我们猜测在Rp TAK1基因在管状蠕虫的生长发育过程中也可能起到重要作用.     

Influencing factors of seed long-distance dispersal on a fragmented forest landscape on Changbai Mountains,China

Seed long-distance dispersal(LDD) events are typically rare, but are important in the population processes that determine large-scale forest changes and the persistence of species in fragmented landscapes. However, previous studies focused on species dispersed via animal-mediated LDD, and ignored those dispersed by wind. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of canopy openness, edge, seed source, and patch tree density on the LDD of seeds by wind in forest. We collected birch seeds, a typical wind-dispersed species, throughout a larch plantation. We then assessed the relationship between birch LDD and each factor that may influence LDD of seeds by wind including distance to edge, canopy openness size, distance to mature forest, and the tree density of the larch plantation. We used univariate linear regression analysis to assess the influence of those factors on birch LDD, and partial correlations to calculate the contribution of each factor to LDD. The results showed that both canopy openness and edge had significant influences on birch LDD. Specifically, a negative relationship was observed between distance to edge and birch LDD, whereas there was a positive correlation between canopy openness size and LDD. In contrast, the distance to the mature forest was not correlated with birch LDD. Our results suggest that patch tree density could potently affect the probability of LDD by wind vectors, which provides novel and revealing insights regarding the effect of fragmentation on wind dynamics. The data also provide compelling evidence for the previously undocumented effect of habitat fragmentation on wind-dispersed organisms. As such, these observations will facilitate reasonable conservation planning, which requires a detailed understanding of the mechanisms by which patch properties hamper the delivery of seeds of wind-dispersed plants to fragmented areas.     

Pharmacokinetics and acetylation of sulfamethoxazole in turbot <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scophthalmus maximus</Emphasis> after intravascular administration

The pharmacokinetic profiles and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) acetylation process in turbot reared at 18°C were investigated. Either SMX (parent drug) or its acetylized metabolite, N₄-acetylsulfamethoxazole (AcSMX), was administered intravascularly to turbot at a dosage of 50 mg/kg BW. Serum concentrations of the parent drug and its metabolite were both measured by HPLC, and the changes in concentration over time were analyzed in two- and non-compartment models because SMX treatment produced multiple peaks. The results demonstrated that the elimination half-life of the parent drugs, SMX and AcSMX, were 159.2 and 5.9 h, respectively. The apparent volume of distribution was 0.2 and 0.8 L/kg, and the clearance was 0.038 and 0.222 L/(h·kg), for SMX and AcSMX, respectively. SMX acetylation in turbot was 2.8%, and the deacetylation of AcSMX was 0.2%. These findings may be useful in optimizing SMX dosage regimens in turbot aquaculture.     

吉林红旗岭镁铁-超镁铁质岩体地球化学特征及其岩石成因意义

红旗岭铜镍硫化物矿床位于兴-蒙造山带东部。矿区出露30多个镁铁-超镁铁质侵入体,主要由橄榄岩、辉石岩和辉(苏)长岩组成。本文通过对红旗岭含矿镁铁-超镁铁质岩体的主、微量及铂族元素(PGE)的研究,探讨了红旗岭岩体成矿母岩浆性质、PGE亏损的原因以及岩体形成的构造环境。全岩主、微量元素地球化学分析表明,红旗岭岩体具有高MgO(平均28.75%)、低TiO2(平均0.44%),富集轻稀土元素(LREE)、亏损高场强元素(HFSE),极低ΣPGE(平均2.08×10~(-9))和高Cu/Pd(平均2916×10~3)的特征。岩石样品显示相似的微量和PGE配分模式,表明其来源于相同的岩浆源区。根据橄榄石-熔体平衡及质量平衡原理估算出红旗岭母岩浆为高镁玄武质岩浆(MgO=10.74%、FeO=7.78%)。红旗岭母岩浆在早期演化过程中发生硫化物熔离作用导致了红旗岭含矿岩体PGE的极度亏损。结合中亚造山带东段构造演化历史,本文认为红旗岭岩体形成于晚三叠世碰撞后伸展环境,矿床的形成受到了古亚洲洋俯冲结束后板片断离的影响。     

山西保德上二叠统孙家沟组中发现锯齿龙类集群埋藏化石

正1研究目的(Objective)晚二叠末期地球生物大灭绝事件已被众多地质学家所证实。近年来,随着全球海相P-T界线层型剖面和"金钉子"(GSSP)在中国浙江煤山确立,生物地层学的研究热点又转向陆相P-T界线研究。地处华北地区的山西,陆相二叠系、三叠系齐全,是该时期众多组名的命名地点,且各地层中保存有各门类动、植物化石,有望成为陆相P-T界线研究的理想地区。有观点认为,晚二叠世,由于全球气温急剧升高,植物大量死亡,陆生脊椎动物由于不适     

帕米尔高原东北缘活动构造对塔什库尔干盆地地热控制作用

帕米尔东北缘位于青藏高原西北部,是新构造运动最强烈的地区之一。受控于公格尔拉张断裂作用的塔什库尔干盆地,活动构造强烈,高的大地热流值和丰富的地下水,使其具备地热资源形成的地质构造和水文条件。基于塔什库尔干盆地北部的曲曼地区地质构造、湖相地层年代学调查研究,该地区发育晚更新世的NNE向f_1和f_2正断层以及第四纪沉积物之下存在隐伏的近EW向的断层f_3。这3条断层是塔什库尔干断裂在不同构造演化时期形成的次级断层。结合EH-4电磁成像和钻孔及抽水试验等资料表明NNE向f_1和f_2正断层是地热系统的导水通道,而近EW向f_3断层为导热通道。该地区地热模式是大地热流为热源-地下水深循环逐渐加热-构造控水和控热。