Recommendations for a system to photograph core segments and create stitched images of complete cores

High-resolution digital imagery of sediment cores increases researchers’ ability to examine, review, and disseminate complex and meaningful core data. The high cost of commercial core scanning systems currently limits the number of cores that are imaged. Here, we present a simple, inexpensive system that can be built in almost any laboratory environment and used to create complete core images. This system uses a stationary light source and a moving core tray (sledge) which provides for consistent lighting across multiple images. Polarized lens filters and diffuse light are used to minimize glare on the core surface. Our system also repurposes professionally engineered exercise equipment which, provides for precise core and camera movement. Once images are taken, stitching software is used to create the final core image. While there are many stitching programs on the market, none are explicitly aimed at stitching together many images in a single, straight line. We evaluated seven of the most common stitching programs and identified Hugin as the most useful for creating completed core images.     

气候变化背景下天山区域地表反照率特征分析

气候变化背景下地表反照率的变化能够深刻影响整个陆-气系统的能量收支平衡,引起区域以至全球的生态环境发生变化。基于2001-2013年16 d合成的MODIS/MCD43A3等数据,结合均值分析、斜率分析以及相关分析等研究方法,对气候变化背景下天山区域地表反照率时空变化特征进行分析。在空间分布上,近13 a来天山区域年均地表反照率达到0.217,伊犁河谷地区及天山北麓地表反照率较高,山区地表反照率较低,空间上呈交叉分布的特点;在时间分布上,研究区年均地表反照率缓慢增加,季节性差异明显,地表反照率秋季最高、春季最低,冬、春两季地表反照率波动强于其他季节;近13 a来地表反照率与气候因子之间存在较为明显的响应关系。年均地表反照率随着4、12月份气温的增加不断减小,随着7、8月份降水的减少而明显增加,与同期气温、滞后1月降水之间存在显著相关。     

Refractory Black Carbon Results and a Method Comparison between Solid-state Cutting and Continuous Melting Sampling of a West Antarctic Snow and Firn Core

This work presents the refractory black carbon(rBC)results of a snow and firn core drilled in West Antarctica(79°55'34.6"S,94°21'13.3"W)during the 2014?15 austral summer,collected by Brazilian researchers as part of the First Brazilian West Antarctic Ice Sheet Traverse.The core was drilled to a depth of 20 m,and we present the results of the first 8 m by comparing two subsampling methods—solid-state cutting and continuous melting—both with discrete sampling.The core was analyzed at the Department of Geological Sciences,Central Washington University(CWU),WA,USA,using a single particle soot photometer(SP2)coupled to a CETAC Marin-5 nebulizer.The continuous melting system was recently assembled at CWU and these are its first results.We also present experimental results regarding SP2 reproducibility,indicating that sample concentration has a greater influence than the analysis time on the reproducibility for low rBC concentrations,like those found in the Antarctic core.Dating was carried out using mainly the rBC variation and sulfur,sodium and strontium as secondary parameters,giving the core 17 years(1998?2014).The data show a well-defined seasonality of rBC concentrations for these first meters,with geometric mean summer/fall concentrations of 0.016μg L^?1 and geometric mean winter/spring concentrations of 0.063μg L^?1.The annual rBC concentration geometric mean was 0.029μg L^?1(the lowest of all rBC cores in Antarctica referenced in this work),while the annual rBC flux was 6.1μg m^?2 yr^?1(the lowest flux in West Antarctica records so far).     

2010年6月中下旬南方暴雨过程变形场作用分析

利用常规原始报文资料,采用基于Lanczos窗口滤波器的合成分析方法,对2010年6月13-27日的形势场、物理量进行合成分析,计算并分析了低空合成风场的总变形.结果表明:500 hPa大陆中、高纬地区存在一“Ω”形类阻塞高压,西北冷空气从其东部源源不断向长江及以南地区输送,与副热带高压西北侧的西南暖湿气流在我国南方地区交汇.700、850 hPa大陆高压与西太平洋副热带高压之间形成的鞍型场,位于长江以南地区,鞍型场鞍点附近及其东部膨胀轴是暴雨发生的主要区域.在南方地区上空200 hPa西北气流辐散产生的抽吸作用,对这次长时间、高强度的降水起了重要作用.发生在鞍型场和切变线上的低空中尺度气旋,是造成暴雨的重要天气系统.鞍型场膨胀轴附近,总变形最大,其位置、走向均与雨带基本一致,有利于锋生和中尺度气旋形成.低空冷暖气流交汇区域形成低空强θse梯度,在垂直剖面图上,等θse线呈现十分倾斜状态,该区域强θse水平梯度与低空总变形、正涡度区一致,可能是特大暴雨发生的重要因素.     

滑坡D-InSAR观测中的大气误差去除研究以金沙江巧家段为例

随着InSAR技术的发展和SAR数据源的丰富,SAR数据相干、配准、轨道误差和地形误差校正等问题已经得到较好地解决,对于大面积观测滑坡这类小范围变形（相对构造运动和地面沉降）非常有效。目前大气相位带来的误差仍然是影响InSAR应用的重要因素。利用空间相关性去除区域低频大气相位延迟是一种无须外部气象数据、简洁高效的方法,但在已有的处理InSAR的商业软件如GAMMA中,大气模型使用的是高程与相位的一次曲线线性模型,无法适应我国西南山区复杂的大气相位湿延迟,往往会引入额外的误差。为此,本文研究了大气相位随高程变化的分布特征和最优拟合函数,并在Matlab软件平台上予以实现,可以将模拟的大气相位从解缠相位中很好地去除,使被大气压制的滑坡形变信息更好地呈现出来。以金沙江河谷巧家段岸坡为研究区,进行了蠕滑变形斜坡的识别验证,验证结果表明使用高程相位拟合多项式比单一线性拟合更易识别出滑坡范围,减少地质灾害隐患点遗漏,这对在我国西南地区水库岸D-InSAR观测滑坡变形的应用具有重要意义。     

利用航磁重复线测量内符合精度消除航磁梯度测量中的转向差

为消除吊舱式航磁梯度测量中梯度仪转向差的影响,评价航磁梯度系统的测量精度,笔者尝试了计算重复线内符合精度的方法.通过推导,给出了重复线内符合精度新的计算公式,该公式和地面重力、磁法测量中重复观测、仪器多台一致性总精度计算及航空重力、磁法测量中利用测线与切割线交叉点计算总精度的公式具有形式上的统一.利用改进的水平调整方法显著的消除了航磁梯度测量中的转向差,并客观评价了梯度系统的测量精度.