Wenchuan Earthquake： Way of thinking is changed

On 12 May, 2008, at 14：28：04 local time, an Ms 8.0 earthquake struck the Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, in southwest China （Figure 1）. This quake left about 70,000 people dead, 18,000 missing and over 370,000 injured. In the 75 days after the main shock, 20,000 aftershocks were recorded, which included 241 with Ms≥4.0, 205 with 4.0≤M≤4.9, 30 with 5.0≤Ms≤5.9, and 6 with Ms≥6.0. The largest aftershock took place 13 days after the main shock, in Qingchuan County, 110 km northeast of the epicenter of the quake （Chen, 2008）. The losses from the quaketriggered geological disasters accounted for over a third of the total quake losses, which is extremely rare in the history of earthquake disasters. Secondary disasters, such as landslides, rockslides, landfalls, debris flows, etc., were widely distributed. Large numbers of buildings collapsed, including ones with steel reinforcing in the area of the epicenter. Infrastructure was badly damaged. In many areas, communications, and power and water supplies were cut off. The earthquake left over 35 large quake-dammed lakes, which threatened further disasters in the catchment areas.     

长春季节性冻土地区土体微观结构与水分迁移的关系

利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)技术,从土体微观结构特征出发,对长春—吉林公路某路段季节冻土的粒度成分、结构单元体成分、孔隙特征及结构特征进行了定量分析,并对其与水分迁移的关系进行了讨论。从SEM图像定量分析中可以看出,研究路段的土体,其微观颗粒——结构单元体、孔隙的定向性均较差,粒内微小孔隙发育,土体尽管在粘粒含量较高的情况下,也表现出孔隙主要在1~2μm内分布,即毛细孔隙极发育,说明样品具有各向同性的特点,即在外界条件相同的情况下水分迁移的通道在水平和垂直方向上具有相同的性质。     

加权核密度估计在洪水频率分析中的应用

本文引进加权核密度估计方法,研究洪水频率的分析计算;运用统计试验方法,同目前广泛认同的参数估计方法中线性矩法相比,结果表明:线性矩法及加权核密度估计法推求出的设计值的无偏性相当,但加权核密度估计方法的有效性较线性矩法好.最后还与普通的非参数密度函数估计方法对比,结果表明加权核密度估计方法推求出的设计值的无偏性及有效性都较好;尤其是有效性精度较高.因此,加权核密度估计是一种有应用和研究价值的方法.     

三维抛物方程Douglas交替方向隐格式的稳定性和收敛性

作者研究三维变系数抛物方程 Douglas交替方向隐格式的稳定性和收敛性。采用 H1能量估计方法 ,证明格式按离散 H1范数是绝对稳定的 ,并且收敛阶为 O(Δ t2 + h2 )     

165°E赤道太平洋溶解氧垂直分布异常分析

根据1986—1990中美热带西太平洋海气相互作用8个航次合作综合调查资料，分析了1987年10月赤道中西太平洋165°E（10°N－6°S）次表层水形成溶解氧最大值的原因。1986－1987年E1Nino衰退时期，该海域赤道附近在E1Nino强盛时期下沉的次表层水开始回升，短时期内形成了类似于中、高纬度海域的理化环境，使浮游生物在混合层内聚集生长，最终导致溶解氧含量在次表层出现最大值和过饱和含量。     

中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)四倍体诱导研究

利用光控和行为学原理,控制中国对虾在适当时候产卵,在一定的时刻以温度休克和细胞松弛素的方法诱导受精卵发育成为四倍体。作者发展了对虾染色体制备技术,以中肠和触角腺、精巢为材料,从后期幼体直到8～9cm左右次成虾均获得较好的分裂中相。染色体倍性检测结果表明,最好的四倍体诱导成功率达66.7％。共获得10cm左右的实验对虾几千尾。初步观察表明,四倍体中国对虾具有一定的生长优势。     

环渤海区域大气水份平衡特征的研究

利用１９８１￣１９９０年环渤海地区的地面气象资料，探空资料和土地利用资料，计算了该地区大气水份平衡方程中各分量，分析了其变化特征，并对它们之间的相互关系进行了研究。     

海洋湍流的测量及相关分析

对海洋湍流速度脉动的一维概率密度作了测量，并把测量结果与高 斯分布进行了比较。比较的结果表明，一个接近于高斯分布而另一个却差别较 大。计算到直至五阶湍流相关函数并与网格湍流进行了比较，结果都表明小时 间间隔中测量结果与网格湍流的结果近似一致，而大时间间隔中却相差很大。 以上结论说明了较长的测量时间的必要性。     

平鲷♀与真鲷♂的杂交研究

研究了不同盐度，温度，ｐＨ对平鲷Ｒｈａｂｄｏｓａｒｇｕｓ ｓａｒｂａ♀和真鲷Ｐａｇｒｏｓｏｍｕｓ ｍａｊｏｒ♂清子活力的影响，确立了人工授精与孵化的条件参数。平鲷♀与真鲷♂杂交的受精率达９５％以上，胚胎发育与其亲本的相似。经过超低温保存的真鲷精子的激活率，活力与鲜精的接近，其杂产的受精率也可达９５％以上。实验获得了杂产仔鱼，但杂交的孵化率比对照组低。     

Centrifugal test of a road embankment built after new dredger fill on thick marine clay

Abstract

The construction of a 100-km road network is planned on a land reclamation area in the Oujiang Estuary in China. The embankment had a height of 4 m and a base width of 60 m. The reclamation area is newly filled by a 3-m dredger fill on a 48-m thick layer of marine clay. Estimation of the settlement of the future road network is difficult. To guide the construction of the road network, a 1/100-scale centrifuge model test was performed with a marine clay sample from the construction site to simulate the layered settlements and evaluate the drainage effect of prefabricated vertical drains in the dredger fill in the following 10 years. The results of the centrifuge modeling test are verified by 10-month in situ monitoring, which shows agreement between the centrifuge modeling test results and the in situ results. The test results indicate that additional time is needed to reinforce the newly added dredger fill by the surcharge preloading method to uplift the elevation of the reclamation area with dredger fill.