Retrieval of CDOM and DOC Using In Situ Hyperspectral Data: A Case Study for Potable Waters in Northeast China

Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), the light absorbing fraction of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), together with phytoplankton and total suspended matter are the main optically active components could be retrieved by remote sensing data. Generally, different composition of DOC and CDOM corresponds to different water surface reflectance. Absorption properties of CDOM and retrieval models for CDOM and DOC were investigated with data from potable reservoirs located in the central of Jilin Province. Water sampling field surveys were conducted on 15, 16 and 19 of September 2012 across the Shitoukoumen, Erlonghu and Xilicheng reservoirs, respectively. Both empirical regression (single band model and band ratio model) and partial least squares coupled with back-propagation artificial neural models (PLSBPNN) were established to estimate CDOM absorption coefficient at 355 nm [a_CDOM(355)] and DOC concentration with in situ measured remote sensing reflectance. It was found that the band ratio models and PLSBPNN model performed well for estimating DOC concentration while the band ratio models yielded the best result in retrieval CDOM. Moreover, all the three models performed better on the DOC concentration estimation than the performance on a_CDOM(355). Band ratio models outperformed (R ² ?=?0.55) other models for estimating CDOM absorption coefficient, while PLSBPNN model outperformed other models with respect to DOC estimation (R ² ?=?0.93). High spectral slope values indicated that CDOM in the potable waters primarily comprised low molecular weight organic substances; while sources of DOC were mainly coming from exogenous input, which was the main reason lead to the difference of model performances on DOC and a_CDOM(355) estimation. The algorithms developed in this study is needed to be tested and refined with more in situ spectral data, also future work is still needed to be undertaken for characterizing the dynamic of the potable water quality with remotely sensed imagery.     

多平台MC-SBAS长时序建模与形变提取方法

卫星时序差分雷达干涉已在区域地表形变监测中展现出极好的应用潜力,但因受卫星寿命及重访周期等因素的限制,单一卫星平台很难为长时间跨度(如5~10年)的时序形变计算与分析提供数据源。为扩展区域地表形变监测的时间跨度,本文提出了基于模型约束的短基线集(MC-SBAS)时序干涉方法,即使用非线性形变模型约束SBAS分析与处理,达到不同卫星平台数据融合和形变监测效率提高的目的。研究选取美国南加州地区为试验区域,使用2002—2005年获取的10幅ERS SAR影像和2004—2008年获取的20幅EnviSat ASAR影像,基于MC-SBAS提取该区域时序形变信息,时间跨度扩展为6.5年;以6个GPS站时序观测数据为参考,对MC-SBAS结果和常规SBAS结果进行了对比验证。分析表明,MC-SBAS、SBAS与GPS形变结果的均方根误差分别为8.7和11.7mm,MC-SBAS形变序列的连续性得到有效改善,而且形变监测精度得到提高。     

T-E染色法用于对虾暴发性流行病的现场快速诊断

用Ｔ－Ｅ染色法可对该病进行现场快速诊断。取发病对虾的胃上皮区组织 或鳃组织，用Ｔ－Ｅ染液进行压片染色，可观察到上皮细胞核和结缔组织细胞核的病 毒性病理变化：细胞核质被挤到核的边沿，核内空泡化。发病严重的对虾胞核显著 膨大，核内呈嗜伊红着色。用这一染色法在现场仅需１０ｍｉｎ就可掌握对虾的细胞病 理变化，诊断结果与组织切片的Ｈ－Ｅ染色法一致。     

海水中溴离子气相色谱测定法的研究

研究了用气相色谱测定海水及天然水中溴离子含量的方法,确定了最佳条件。天然海水,稀释200倍后;取10ml稀释水样,用氯胺T为氧化剂,将Br-氧化为溴,在六次甲基四胺催化的条件下,溴与丁酮反应生成溴代丁酮;用环已烷萃取后,用ECD检测器测定。此方法简便快速,对溴离子含量较低的天然水尤为适用。方法与碘量法相对照,取得满意结果。     

新型海洋硫酸多糖DPS对大鼠脑缺血的保护作用

采用开颅机械闭塞法阻断大鼠大脑中动脉（Middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)造成大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型，观察了DPS（D－polysaccharide sulfate)对MCAO大鼠局灶性脑缺血的保护作用。结果发现，iv DPS剂量分别为20、40mg/kd于术后30min静脉注射，能明显缩小MCAO24h造成的脑梗塞范围，减少脑水含量，但对神经功能障碍无明显的改善效果，同时DPS具有抑制血小板聚集、减少血栓素（TXA2）生成和提高A（Ⅲ）（AntithrombinⅢ）活性的作用。提示DPS可通过抗凝抗血小板聚集、减少TXA2释放来发挥其抗脑缺血的作用。     

南海北部陆缘区中特提斯构造演化研究

通过对南海及周边地区特提斯构造遗迹的综合分析，并与东亚、东南亚地区特提斯构造对比，认为南海北部陆缘区存在可以进行东、西向对比的中特提斯构造。相应的中特提斯洋因北巴拉望－礼乐－南沙地块与华南大陆边缘在白垩纪中期的碰撞而关闭。南海北部陆缘区中特提斯构造向西可以与加里曼丹的Metratus缝合线和苏门答腊的Woyla缝合线对比，向东经台湾海峡、琉球群岛与日本佐用带对比。南海北部陆缘区中特提斯构造的确认对正确解释南海北部陆缘区地壳结构在东西向和南北向的差异、重新认识华南陆域内地质构造演化以及对南海北部陆缘区油气资源勘探均具重要意义。     

海河口地区全新世海侵层的相变与海面波动的对应关系

B_2孔揭示海河口地区全新世海侵层厚达19.2m,自下往上依次出现潮间滩、近岸浅海、前三角洲、三角洲湾、河口砂坝及河口边滩六个亚相,下部两个亚相呈海进层序,上部四个亚相呈海退层序。除河口边滩亚相底界外,其他所有亚相间的界面均为不连续面,显示海侵层为不连续沉积。研究表明该不连续沉积与海面波动有关.在全新世海侵高峰后,海面一直处于幅度不大(约1m 左右)的振荡运动状态,一次振荡波就在海岸线上留下一道贝壳堤,近5000余年来发生了5次振荡波,在海退平原中就有5道贝克堤与之对应。B_2孔海退层序中曲不连续面与贝壳堤基底侵蚀面相对应,也与振荡波的上升坡段相对应。海退层序所表现出来的海岸向海推进现象不是海面大幅度下降的反映,而主要是河口区沉积物迅速加积的结果。     

荷兰海洋区测的历史与现状

回顾了荷兰区调的历史，比较了目前荷兰区测填图中不同比例尺图件的编制和应用特征；介绍了荷兰海洋区测工作中的思维方法和技术手段要点以及有关海岸带环境调查的内容。     

Seasonal variation and formation mechanism of the South China Sea warm water

The South China Sea warm water (SCSWW) is identified as the warm water body withtemperature no less than 28℃ . There are three stages in the seasonal variation of the SCSWW. The SCSWW expands rapidly and deepens quickly in the developing stage. The warm water thickness decreases near the coast of Vietnam and increases near Palawan Island in the steady stage. The SCSWW flinches southward while its thickness off Palawan Island remains no less than 50 m in the flinching stage. The maximum thickness of the SCSWW is always located near the southeastern SCS. The seasonal variation of the SCSWW has a close relationship with seasonal variation of the thermocline. According to the analysis of the numerical experiment results from the Princeton Ocean Model (POM), the mechanism of the seasonal variation of the SCSWW can be interpreted as: (1) in the developing stage, the rapidly expanding and thickening feature of the SCSWW is mainly due to buoyancy flux effect (67% contribution). The weak wind and anticyclonic wi