全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5497篇 |
免费 | 558篇 |
国内免费 | 157篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 241篇 |
大气科学 | 614篇 |
地球物理 | 2011篇 |
地质学 | 2220篇 |
海洋学 | 289篇 |
天文学 | 386篇 |
综合类 | 187篇 |
自然地理 | 264篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 8篇 |
2021年 | 25篇 |
2020年 | 10篇 |
2019年 | 12篇 |
2018年 | 442篇 |
2017年 | 376篇 |
2016年 | 256篇 |
2015年 | 166篇 |
2014年 | 131篇 |
2013年 | 136篇 |
2012年 | 656篇 |
2011年 | 433篇 |
2010年 | 121篇 |
2009年 | 151篇 |
2008年 | 130篇 |
2007年 | 119篇 |
2006年 | 132篇 |
2005年 | 833篇 |
2004年 | 876篇 |
2003年 | 652篇 |
2002年 | 183篇 |
2001年 | 76篇 |
2000年 | 49篇 |
1999年 | 17篇 |
1998年 | 12篇 |
1997年 | 22篇 |
1996年 | 15篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 12篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 7篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1969年 | 4篇 |
1968年 | 6篇 |
1967年 | 4篇 |
1965年 | 5篇 |
1963年 | 5篇 |
1954年 | 4篇 |
1948年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有6212条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
161.
162.
Rigorous equations in compact symbolic matrix notation are introduced to transform coordinates and velocities between ITRF
frames and modern GPS-based geocentric geodetic datums. The theory is general but, after neglecting higher than second-order
terms, it is shown that the equations revert to the formulation currently applied in most major continental datums. We discuss
several examples: the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83), the European Terrestrial Reference System of 1989 (ETRS89), the Geodetic Datum of Australia of 1994 (GDA94), and the South American Geocentric Reference System (SIRGAS).
Electronic Publication 相似文献
163.
LUO Jia LI Jiancheng CHAO Dingbo 《地球空间信息科学学报》2003,6(1):19-23
1 IntroductionTodeveloptheoceanwidelyanddeeply ,weneedabundantoceaninformation .Asanessentialpartofsuchinformation ,seafloortopographyplaysaveryimportantroleinavarietyofmarineactivities .However,thehighcostforoceanbathymetricsurveyinglimitstheapplicationo… 相似文献
164.
165.
Scott?K.?RowlandEmail author Andrew?J.?L.?Harris Martin?J.?Wooster Falk?Amelung Harold?Garbeil Lionel?Wilson Peter?J.?Mouginis-Mark 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2003,65(5):311-330
We have used a suite of remotely sensed data, numerical lava flow modeling, and field observations to determine quantitative characteristics of the 1995 Fernandina and 1998 Cerro Azul eruptions in the western Galápagos Islands. Flank lava flow areas, volumes, instantaneous effusion rates, and average effusion rates were all determined for these two eruptions, for which only limited syn-eruptive field observations are available. Using data from SPOT, TOPSAR, ERS-1, and ERS-2, we determined that the 1995 Fernandina flow covers a subaerial area of 6.5×106 m2 and has a subaerial dense rock equivalent (DRE) volume of 42×106 m3. Field observations, ATSR satellite data, and the FLOWGO numerical model allow us to determine that the effusion rate declined exponentially from a high of ~60–200 m3 s-1 during the first few hours to <5 m3 s-1 prior to ceasing after 73 days, with a mean effusion rate of 4–16 m3 s-1. Integrating the ATSR-derived, exponentially declining effusion rate over the eruption duration produces a total (subaerial + submarine) DRE volume of between 27 and 100×106 m3, the range in values being due to differing assumptions about heat loss characteristics; only values in the higher part of this range are consistent with the independently derived subaerial volume. Using SPOT, TOPSAR, ERS-1, and ERS-2 data, we determine that the 1998 Cerro Azul flow is 16 km long, covers 16 km2, and has a DRE volume of 54×106 m3. FLOWGO produces at-vent velocity and effusion rate values of 11 m s-1 and ~600 m3 s-1, respectively. The velocity value agrees well with the 12 m s-1 estimated in the field. The mean effusion rate (total DRE volume/duration) was 7–47 m3 s-1. Dike dimensions, fissure lengths, and pressure gradients along the conduit based on magma chamber depth estimates of 3–5 km produce mean effusion rates for the two eruptions that range over nearly four orders of magnitude, the range being due to uncertainty in the magma viscosity, dike dimensions, and pressure gradient between magma chamber and vent. Although somewhat consistent with mean effusion rates from other techniques, their wide range makes them less useful. The exponentially declining effusion rates during both eruptions are consistent with release of elastic strain being the driving mechanism of the eruptions. Our results provide independent input parameters for previously published theoretical relationships between magma chamber pressurization and eruption rates that constrain chamber volumes and increases in volume prior to eruption, as well as time constants of exponential decay during the eruption. The results and theoretical relationships combine to indicate that at both volcanoes probably 25–30% of the volumetric increase in the magma chamber erupted as lava onto the surface. In both eruptions the lava flow volumes are less than 1% of the magma chamber volume. 相似文献
166.
Constraining the process by which volcanoes become unstable is difficult. Several models have been proposed to explain the
driving forces which cause volcanic edifices to catastrophically collapse. These include models for destabilisation of volcanic
flanks by wedging due to dyke intrusion and the weakening of mechanical properties by pressurisation of pore fluids. It is
not known which, if any, of the models are relevant to particular sector collapse events. Recent developments in the palaeomagnetic
estimation of emplacement temperatures of volcaniclastic rocks have shown that even relatively low emplacement temperatures
can be recorded by volcaniclastics with high fidelity. We have carried out a palaeomagnetic study of emplacement temperatures
to investigate the role of igneous activity in the initiation of the 9,500 b.p. Murimotu sector collapse of Mt Ruapehu, New Zealand. This debris avalanche deposit has three fades which are stratigraphically
superimposed, and the lowermost fades contains three lithological assemblages representing different segments of the edifice
which were transported with little internal mixing within the flow. We have determined that some of the dacite-bearing assemblage
1, fades 1 was hot (∼350 °C) during transport and emplacement, whereas none of the other lithological assemblages of fades
contained hot material. Our interpretation is that a dacite dome was active on the ancient Ruapehu edifice immediately prior
to the Murimotu sector collapse. The partially cooled carapace of the dome and material shed from this part was incorporated
into the avalanche deposit, along with cold lavas and volcaniclastics. We have not found evidence for incorporation of material
at or close to magmatic temperatures, at least in the sampled locations. Our palaeomagnetic work allows us to develop a comprehensive,
new palaeomagnetic classification of volcaniclastics.
Published online: 25 January 2003
Editorial responsibility: D. Dingwell 相似文献
167.
A preliminary study on sediment flux in the Changjiang Delta during the postglacial period 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
During the last 7000 years since the Changjiang Delta was formed, how much sediment brought by the Changjiang River remained in the modern Changjiang Delta? And how much sediment was delivered into the sea and adjacent coasts? These are very important que… 相似文献
168.
Radium-226 (226Ra) activities were measured in the surface water samples collected from the Arctic Ocean and the Bering Sea during the First
Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition. The results showed that 226Ra concentrations in the surface water ranged from 0.28 to 1.56 Bq/m3 with an average of 0.76 Bq/m3 in the Arctic Ocean, and from 0.25 to 1.26 Bq/m3 with an average of 0.71 Bq/m3 in the Bering Sea. The values were obviously lower than those from open oceans in middle and low latitudes, indicating that
the study area may be partly influenced by sea ice meltwater. In the Bering Sea, 226Ra in the surface water decreased northward, probably as a result of the exchange between the 226Ra-deficient sea ice meltwater and the 226Ra-rich Pacific water. In the Arctic Ocean, 226Ra in the surface water increased northward and eastward. This spatial distribution of 226Ra reflected the variation of the 226Ra-enriched river component in the water mass of the Arctic Ocean. The vertical profiles of 226Ra in the Canadian Basin showed a concentration maximum at 200 m, which could be attributed to the inputs of the Pacific water
or/and the bottom shelf water with high 226Ra concentration. This conclusion was consistent with the results from 2H, 18O tracers. 相似文献
169.
Land surface temperature is a key parameter in monitoring the status of crop water stress by remote sensing, and studying the water and energy balance in cropland ecosystem. The component temperatures of crop and soil are especially significant in remote … 相似文献
170.
Cosmic-ray exposure histories of two Antarctic meteorites from Chinese collections and the Guangmingshan and Zhuanghe chondrites 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
In this paper, we report cosmic-ray exposure ages (3He, 21Ne, 38Ar) and gas retention ages (4He, 40Ar) of two Antarctic meteorites, and the Guangmingshan and Zhuanghe ordinary chondrites. The Antarctic meteorites (GRV98002 and GRV98004) were collected on … 相似文献