盾构推进在缓和曲线段贯通的偏差调整

盾构推进在缓和曲线上的贯通,首先要调整好盾构的姿态,不断修正和选取最佳掘进参数,使推进的方位和主体的方位夹角最小,以保证贯通工程质量和贯通误差达到最优。     

平顶山市2005年秋季连阴雨过程特征分析

通过对2005年平顶山地区秋季连阴雨天气过程中环流形势和影响系统分析发现连阴雨天气不是由单一的天气系统形成的,从大尺度形势来看,往往是欧亚阻塞高压和北方大低涡同时存在而产生的.南支急流与北支急流上的槽脊在亚洲位相不同甚至相反,南支向黄淮流域输送的暖湿气流与北支急流输送的冷空气在平顶山地区交汇,在中、低层形成切变线,在地面图上形成准静止锋,在这种天气形势下,有一次小槽活动,就有一次降水过程;在鄂毕弯附近不断形成深槽,其东移的过程中在贝加尔湖附近形成横槽,在横槽扩散冷空气南下的过程中不断分离出小槽,这种小槽的不断形成和活动,造成持续的阴雨天气;青藏高原对气流的分支作用,使北支上的超长波冷急流与南支暖湿气流在平顶山地区交汇,是产生连阴雨的温湿条件.鄂毕弯附近高压的形成、横槽解体与阻塞高压崩溃,标志着连阴雨天气过程的结束.     

Overlap between Atlantic bluefin tuna spawning grounds and observed Deepwater Horizon surface oil in the northern Gulf of Mexico

The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill impacted the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) during the spring spawning season of Atlantic bluefin tuna (BFT). Overlap between BFT spawning habitat and surface oil in the northern GOM was examined using satellite-derived estimates of oil coverage, and spawning habitat models. Results suggested that although eggs and larvae were likely impacted by oil-contaminated waters in the eastern GOM, high abundances of larvae were located elsewhere, especially in the western GOM. Overall, less than 10% of BFT spawning habitat was predicted to have been covered by surface oil, and less than 12% of larval BFT were predicted to have been located within contaminated waters in the northern GOM, on a weekly basis. Our results provide preliminary but important initial estimates of the effects of the spill on larval BFT mortality, as concern continues over the appropriate management responses to impacts of the spill.     

Impacts of human activities on coral reef ecosystems of southern Taiwan: a long-term study

In July 2001, the National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, co-sponsored by the Kenting National Park Headquarters and Taiwan's National Science Council, launched a Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program to monitor anthropogenic impacts on the ecosystems of southern Taiwan, specifically the coral reefs of Kenting National Park (KNP), which are facing an increasing amount of anthropogenic pressure. We found that the seawater of the reef flats along Nanwan Bay, Taiwan's southernmost embayment, was polluted by sewage discharge at certain monitoring stations. Furthermore, the consequently higher nutrient and suspended sediment levels had led to algal blooms and sediment smothering of shallow water corals at some sampling sites. Finally, our results show that, in addition to this influx of anthropogenically-derived sewage, increasing tourist numbers are correlated with decreasing shallow water coral cover, highlighting the urgency of a more proactive management plan for KNP's coral reefs.     

Simulating ground water-lake interactions: approaches and insights

Approaches for modeling lake-ground water interactions have evolved significantly from early simulations that used fixed lake stages specified as constant head to sophisticated LAK packages for MODFLOW. Although model input can be complex, the LAK package capabilities and output are superior to methods that rely on a fixed lake stage and compare well to other simple methods where lake stage can be calculated. Regardless of the approach, guidelines presented here for model grid size, location of three-dimensional flow, and extent of vertical capture can facilitate the construction of appropriately detailed models that simulate important lake-ground water interactions without adding unnecessary complexity. In addition to MODFLOW approaches, lake simulation has been formulated in terms of analytic elements. The analytic element lake package had acceptable agreement with a published LAKI problem, even though there were differences in the total lake conductance and number of layers used in the two models. The grid size used in the original LAKI problem, however, violated a grid size guideline presented in this paper. Grid sensitivity analyses demonstrated that an appreciable discrepancy in the distribution of stream and lake flux was related to the large grid size used in the original LAKI problem. This artifact is expected regardless of MODFLOW LAK package used. When the grid size was reduced, a finite-difference formulation approached the analytic element results. These insights and guidelines can help ensure that the proper lake simulation tool is being selected and applied.     

金州断裂降震效应初探

利用位于金州断裂两侧地震台所记录的地震震级的差异,研究金州断裂的降震效应。统计表明,当地震波通过断裂时存在明显的衰减现象,震级相差近０．４级。     

随钻核磁共振测井的地层界面响应特征

随钻核磁共振测井的地层界面响应特征对地质导向和原状地层评价具有重要意义,但钻井轨迹的复杂性决定其响应特征是多重因素综合作用的结果,且较难直接给出统一显式表达式.本文根据仪器在地层内的运动特征,建立了基于敏感区域体积元的随钻核磁共振测井响应方程和离散化计算方法;通过正演、反演结合的数值模拟,研究了单、双界面水平层状地层中,不同井斜角度、天线长度和目标地层厚度等条件下的随钻核磁共振测井响应特征,对关键结果给出了成立条件和定量关系.随钻核磁共振测井在斜井段中的T2分布和孔隙度响应与直井中差异明显;井斜角越大,视地层厚度越大,地层界面在T2分布和孔隙度曲线上的过渡段越长,T2分布过渡起始位置已不能确定界面深度;仪器的最高纵向分辨率与天线长度、井眼条件和仪器参数有关;受围岩作用影响,较薄目的层的测井响应特征上可能出现异常"夹层".基于分析结果,对随钻核磁共振测井资料解释提出了建议.     

Meta分析及其在生态环境领域研究中的应用

Meta分析(Meta-Analysis)是当今比较流行的综合具有同一主题的多个独立研究的统计学方法,是较高一级逻辑形式上的定量文献综述.20世纪90年代后,Meta分析被引入生态学领域的研究,并得到高度的重视和长足的发展.文章介绍了Meta分析的基本概念;回顾了Mata分析的发展历程,及其在生态环境领域研究中的应用;归纳了如何进行Meta分析;最后讨论了Meta分析的局限性.以期能合理应用Meta分析,为生态环境领域综合研究提供合理有效的分析方法.     

新疆绿洲经济规模与结构对可持续发展的影响

在简单介绍新疆经济发展概况的基础上，从可持续发展思想出发，分析了新疆绿洲经济发展与绿洲可持续发展的关系，给出了绿洲可持续发展的简单概念模型。重点从绿洲经济规模和结构两方面分析了工农业发展对绿洲可持续发展的影响，并对绿洲可持续发展的若干问题进行了讨论。     

平顶山市烟草移栽与气候条件分析

烟草移栽期时间的早晚对其生长发育及产量、品质影响较大.本文通过对平顶山市气候条件和不同移栽期(宝丰县)试验资料的综合分析,结合实践验证5月5日前后为平顶山烟叶最佳移栽期,与早栽或晚栽相比,株高增高2.5～11.9 cm,叶片增加0.6～2.3片,单产提高1.4%～6.3%,上等烟比例增加4～7.9个百分点.