洞庭盆地第四纪地质研究进展——1：25万常德市幅和岳阳市幅区域地质调查主要成果

1：25万常德市幅和岳阳市幅区域地质调查项目在详细的野外地质调查、大量的钻孔资料和分析测试工作基础上,对洞庭盆地第四纪地质特征及演化进行了重点研究,取得以下重要进展：①厘定了洞庭盆地及周缘隆。凹构造格局;重新建立了露头区及覆盖区地层系统。②分别对洞庭盆地各次级构造单元及其周缘地区的第四纪构造活动、沉积特征及环境演化等进...     

雪峰造山带新元古代构造演化框架

目前对江南造山带新元古代构造演化存在不同认识。本文在系统收集近年来大量高精度年龄数据及岩石地球化学研究成果基础上,重塑了雪峰造山带（江南造山带西段）及其东南缘新元古代构造演化过程：880～820Ma期间雪峰造山带为岛弧岩浆作用阶段,东南缘城步地区为弧前盆地;820～810Ma期间雪峰造山带为弧-陆（主）碰撞阶段,城步地区处于弧前盆地向岛弧发展的过渡时期;810～800Ma期间雪峰造山带进入后碰撞环境,城步地区形成新的岛弧;800～630Ma整体进入裂谷盆地阶段。上述过程反映出扬子陆块东南缘的岛弧增生过程,同时暗示雪峰造山带南东面的雪峰期和南华纪沉积叠覆于华南残留洋盆之上。     

Relationship between anthropogenic sewage discharge, marsh structure and bird assemblages in an SW Atlantic saltmarsh

One of the main effects of urbanization on coastal areas is through the discharge of sewage, which increases nutrient concentrations in the receiving environment. Salt marshes, like other coastal marine environments, are limited by nutrients, mainly nitrogen, and thus increasing nutrient loadings to a marsh may have consequences on marsh characteristics. We evaluated how the effects of nutrient enrichment in the form of sewage input, affected the vegetation structure and bird assemblages in a Spartina alterniflora salt marsh system near Bahía Blanca, Argentina (39° 01' S - 56° 25' W). Surveys of nutrient concentration, vegetation and birds were made at three different distances from the sewage discharge source. The concentration of ammonium, phosphate, and nitrate and the percent organic matter was higher in marshes nearest to the sewage discharge source. Bird composition and abundance, and vegetation physiognomy changed along a gradient of nutrient concentration. The increased habitat complexity found near the areas of higher nutrient concentration was exploited by birds that use neighboring interior and coastal habitats, including Spartina densiflora marshes, freshwater marshes and upland shrubby habitats. Our results show that local increases of nutrient inputs directly changed the vegetation physiognomy, and indirectly the composition and abundance of bird assemblages.     

Beyond water, beyond boundaries: spaces of water management in the Krishna river basin, South India

As demand and competition for water resources increase, the river basin has become the primary unit for water management and planning. While appealing in principle, practical implementation of river basin management and allocation has often been problematic. This paper examines the case of the Krishna basin in South India. It highlights that conflicts over basin water are embedded in a broad reality of planning and development where multiple scales of decisionmaking and non-water issues are at play. While this defines the river basin as a disputed "space of dependence", the river basin has yet to acquire a social reality. It is not yet a "space of engagement" in and for which multiple actors take actions. This explains the endurance of an interstate dispute over the sharing of the Krishna waters and sets limits to what can be achieved through further basin water allocation and adjudication mechanisms – tribunals – that are too narrowly defined. There is a need to extend the domain of negotiation from that of a single river basin to multiple scales and to non-water sectors. Institutional arrangements for basin management need to internalise the political spaces of the Indian polity: the states and the panchayats. This re-scaling process is more likely to shape the river basin as a space of engagement in which partial agreements can be iteratively renegotiated, and constitute a promising alternative to the current interstate stalemate.     

清洁生产和末端治理环境绩效对比分析

以吉林省为例,应用无残差完全分解模型,将工业污染产生量和排放量的变化分解为规模效应、空间结构效应和技术效应,分析清洁生产和末端治理不同产业生态化策略导向下的环境绩效,探索产业生态化发展改进方向.结果表明:清清生产的控污效果在数量上大于末端治理的减排效果,产业生态化发展表现出以预防策略为主的特征.但是,环境目标主要通过清...     

南北半球亚极光区极化流分布特征的统计学研究

利用DMSP卫星粒子数据,对南北半球20 000多个亚极光区极化流(SAPS)事件进行统计学分析,重点研究SAPS的发生率及其发生位置隧季节和世界时的分布,研究表明:(1)SAPS的发生率有明显的季节和世界时依赖性,主要发生在春秋季节,显示出较强的地磁活动依赖性;(2)SAPS在冬至也较多发生,可能与亚暴过程有关;(3...     

兰坪-思茅盆地与呵叻高原钾盐矿床综合对比

云南兰坪—思茅盆地与泰国-老挝呵叻高原处于同一构造带,两者在钾盐成矿及成因各方面都有着很大的相似性。通过对兰坪—思茅盆地与呵叻高原成矿地质背景、成盐时代、成盐物源和环境、沉积和地球化学特征等多方面对比分析,系统阐述了二者的异同,重点强调了存在的差异性,提出了一些今后开展工作的意见和建议。     

锂同位素地球化学研究进展

锂的两个稳定同位素(6Li和7Li)相对质量差较大,因此锂同位素分馏比较显著。由于分析测量技术的改进和完善,锂同位素地球化学近年来有了长足的发展。研究表明,温度是控制锂同位素分馏的一个重要因素。此外,锂在不同矿物中配位结构和化学键强度的差异也会影响共存相之间的锂同位素分馏。由于锂同位素存在较大的分馏和不同地质体中截然不同的δ7Li值,锂同位素地质应用范围十分广泛。目前,锂同位素在地表风化、海底热液和洋壳蚀变、板块俯冲、示踪卤水来源和演化等方面的研究中成效显著,并且开始应用到矿床学中。     

基于iHCO通信卫星的CAPS星座优化研究

中国区域定位系统(Chinese Area Positioning System,CAPS)把寿命末期的地球静止轨道(Geostationary Earth Orbit,GEO)通信卫星推到比GEO轨道高约200 km的倾斜高圆轨道(inclined Highly Circular Orbit,iHCO),卫星相对地球向西漂移。利用该类卫星组建CAPS导航星座,可以实现全球范围内的导航通信覆盖。重点开展基于iHCO通信卫星的CAPS星座优化研究,结果表明:利用GEO通信卫星和iHCO通信卫星组成的星座可以实现较好的空间星座布局,可以满足一般导航用户的需要。