广东省海洋自然保护区的建设和管理初探

根据广东省海洋和海岸带的特点和现状,指出广东海洋自然保护区的建设应考虑五个方面的问题;同时,初步研究表明了近期建区的重点;提出了海洋自然保护区管理的四条建议。     

The phthalate diesters DEHP and DBP do not induce lauric acid hydroxylase activity in rainbow trout

Aquatic organisms are extensively exposed to phthalate esters. We have investigated in trout the effects of diethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) and dibutylphthalate (DBP) on xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes which have been suggested as possible environmental biomarkers. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were waterborne exposed to DEHP (1 mg/l) or DBP (0.1 or 1 mg/l) for 72 h. Another group of rainbow trout received daily for 3 days an intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg of DEHP or DBP. Laurate hydroxylation, ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylation, UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity and glutathione-S-transferase activity were measured in liver and extrahepatic tissues. The phthalate esters have been found not to induce these enzymes; in particular, the results do not support the previously described induction of lauric acid hydroxylase in sea bass treated with DEHP [Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B122 (1999) 253.].     

海洋技术中的GIS应用

使用GIS工具软件MapInfo的二次开发语言MapBasic 及可视化开发语言Delphi，初步完成了江苏省海岸带信息管理系统及风暴潮预警子系统的开发，结果表明：1）研制的风暴潮预警系统有较好的可操作性，2）GIS技术是海洋信息技术服务的有效手段。     

我国的赤潮研究现状与分析

1 我国赤潮研究工作的回顾在1977年之前,我国最早记载赤潮的报道是在1933年原浙江水产实验场的出版物上,称:在镇海至台州、石浦一带发现夜光藻赤潮。1952年费鸿年报道渤海沿岸的夜光藻赤潮。1962年有周贞英报道东海平潭岛附近海域发现束毛藻赤潮等。查阅文献至1977年所见到的     

镉、三价铬和六价铬对小头虫Capitella capitata幼虫的效应

本文将镉、三价铬和六价铬对不同营养状态(喂食和不喂食)和不同年龄组小头虫幼虫的效应进行了观察,不喂食的幼虫对三种重金属的抗性逐渐下降,但它们的抗性随着幼虫的发育而增加。因此,我们认为,研究海洋污染时,必需考虑实验动物的年龄和营养状态。     

Different levels of mussel (Mytilus edulis) DNA strand breaks following chronic field and acute laboratory exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) were at least seven-fold higher in mussels sampled from a polluted site (Loch Leven, in Scotland, UK) compared to a nearby clean reference site (Loch Etive) throughout the year 2000. Levels of DNA strand breaks (alkaline COMET assay) using both gill and digestive gland nuclei were similar at both sites despite the difference in contaminant load (total PAH). In contrast, mussels collected from a reference site (Port Quin, Cornwall, UK) had an increase in DNA strand breaks in digestive gland cells following laboratory exposure to B[a]P-dosed Isochrysis galbana. However, after 14 days high dose (20 ppb-exposed diet) animals had returned to levels similar to the controls. There was no evidence of increased necrosis or apoptosis after treatments. The results from these two studies suggest that an adaptive response may prevent ongoing DNA damage in mussels exposed to high levels of B[a]P and PAH contamination.     

被动大陆边缘对于深海侵蚀作用及陆坡后退的挠曲响应：海平在上对变化中的

我们认为根据层序地层学所测的早一－晚渐新世全球海平面降落的幅度过高，因为存在晚新世到早渐新世的侵生去负荷作用所产生的陆缘曲性反弹作用，在深海侵蚀及陆坡后退过程中，大边缘的去负荷作用将伴随某种型式的挠曲反弹作用，这种反弹作用的幅度及型式受控于（１）沉积物被侵蚀的数量，和（２）沉积物被侵蚀时的岩石圈强度。在具有狭窄大架的陆级，这种反弹作用将导致海同相对降落，使海岸线向盆地方向迁移，所预测的体系均将类似     

Titan haze: structure and properties of cyanoacetylene and cyanoacetylene-acetylene photopolymers

The structure and morphological properties of polymers produced photochemically from the UV irradiation of cyanoacetylene and cyanoacetylene mixtures have been examined to evaluate their possible contribution to the haze layers found on Titan. A structural analysis of these polymers may contribute to our understanding of the data returned from the Huygens probe of the Cassini mission that will pass through the atmosphere of Titan in the year 2004. Infrared analysis, elemental analysis, and thermal methods (thermogravimetric analysis, thermolysis, pyrolysis) were used to examine structures of polycyanoacetylenes produced by irradiation of the gas phase HC3N at 185 and 254 nm. The resulting brown to black polymer, which exists as small particles, is believed to be a branched chain of conjugated carbon-carbon double bonds, which, on exposure to heat, cyclizes to form a graphitic structure. Similar methods of analysis were used to show that when HC3N is photolyzed in the presence of Titan's other atmospheric constituents (CH4, C2H6, C2H2, and CO), a copolymer is formed in which the added gases are incorporated as substituents on the polymer chain. Of special significance is the copolymer of HC3N and acetylene (C2H2). Even in experiments where C2H2 was absorbing nearly all of the incident photons, the ratio of C2H2 to HC3N found in the resulting polymer was only 2:1. Scanning electron microscopy was used to visually examine the polymer particles. While pure polyacetylene particles are amorphous spheres roughly 1 micrometer in diameter, polycyanoacetylenes appear to be strands of rough, solid particles slightly smaller in size. The copolymer of HC3N and C2H2 exhibits characteristics of both pure polymers. This is particularly important as pure polyacetylenes do not match the optical constants measured for Titan's atmospheric hazes. The copolymers produced by the incorporation of other minor atmospheric constituents, like HC3N, into the polyacetylenes are expected to have optical constants more comparable to those of the Titan haze.