E5000型全谱直读型电弧发射光谱仪研制及其在地球化学样品分析中应用

在地球化学样品检测工作中,Ag、B、Sn等难分析元素通常采用传统的交流电弧发射光谱法(摄谱仪),随着地球化学样品数量的增加以及对检测结果质量要求的提高,该方法操作复杂、分析过程繁琐的问题与日常大量样品分析的矛盾日益突出,多道式电弧直读发射光谱也开始在行业内应用。本文基于先进的数字光源技术和CCD全谱型光谱仪技术,改进了电弧发生系统、分光系统和检测系统,将电弧激发光源与Paschen-Runge型全谱CCD光谱仪结合,研制了一款新型的台式全谱直读型电弧发射光谱仪E5000。E5000型电弧发射光谱仪通过激光定位结合程控电极技术,自动调整电极位置,提高了采谱过程的精度控制;利用CCD全谱技术获得了激发样品的全谱信息,可轻易实现光谱信号的背景扣除和干扰校正;且无需再次测定黑度,直接获得分析结果;同时结合内标法和标准加入法,可以进一步提高复杂基体样品的分析精准度。应用研制的光谱仪对水系沉积物和土壤样品进行检测,Ag、B、Sn元素的检出限分别达到了0.01μg/g、0.65μg/g、0.16μg/g,在分析水系沉积物、土壤时检测精密度基本小于10%,优于当前的摄谱法和多道电弧直读光谱法,满足了地球化学样品检测质量要求。     

基于GMS鄱阳湖拟建枢纽对地下水影响探讨

针对拟建鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程对地下水影响问题,选择赣江三角洲为代表区,采用资料收集、野外调查、统计分析和数值模拟等方法进行研究。依据地质钻探资料、地下水与河流动态关系、区域数字高程模型,结合鄱阳湖历史形成与演化过程确定研究区边界条件,运用GMS模拟软件建立了研究区地下水三维运动模型。依据推荐的枢纽调度方案,利用数值模型计算枢纽运行后对地下水运动影响的时空变化规律。结果表明:枯水年份影响大,距离河流、坝址近的地方影响大,反之亦然。影响幅度范围0~2m,地下水径流交替因此减弱,丰水年份土壤潜育化面积增加9.3%。     

水量统一调度以来黄河宁夏河段引黄耗水量分析

对1999~2012年黄河水量统一调度期间宁夏河段引水和退水的年内和年际变化、引排比关系进行了分析。采用引退水法和水量平衡法计算了宁夏河段的引黄耗水量。结果表明:引退水法平均耗水量为32.64×10~8m~3,年际变化相对比较平缓;水量平衡法平均耗水量为39.37×10~8m~3,年际变化非常明显。建议进一步加强实际引退水口门的数量核实和引退水的监测分析工作。     

提高固定埋设式自动墒情监测仪器监测精度的探讨

影响固定埋设式墒情自动监测数据准确度的因素较多,通过对固定埋设式墒情监测仪器特点和使用方法的分析研究,提出正确操作与管理方法,经实践检验,按此操作可有效提高自动墒情监测数据的准确度。     

川北山丘区地下水补给特征与定量研究

针对川北山丘区地下水资源和污染防护研究中地下水补给难以定量等问题,以川北典型山丘区平溪河北岸的山丘区子流域为研究对象,布设监测孔并对其地下水的水位和水温开展动态监测,并基于大气压监测数据校正地下水监测水位,分析了山丘区地下水水位及水温的年内动态变化特征;采用渗水试验和分段双栓塞水文地质试验获取含水层空间渗透系数;基于达西断面法定量计算了研究区内观测断面的地下水径流补给量,并建立了月降雨量与降水入渗系数的函数关系,结果显示:研究区多年平均大气降水入渗补给量为16.61mm,多年平均降水入渗系数为0.0182;月降雨量与降水入渗系数呈幂函数关系;此成果可为研究区地下水资源、地下水防污性能评价及地下水数值模拟等研究提供重要依据。     

新疆阜康急斜地层煤层气井施工技术

针对新疆阜康白杨河煤层气矿区地层急斜、软硬互层、存在烧变岩层等问题造成的钻孔极易弯曲、坍塌等问题,采用空气潜孔锤钻井技术及无线电磁波随钻测井定向钻进技术,顺利解决了钻孔弯曲、塌孔、成孔难等施工难题,施工效率达到常规钻井速度的3倍以上,对于类似地层的煤层气井施工有借鉴意义。     

秸秆地质聚合物复合材料保温性及耐高温性能研究

为弥补传统秸秆建筑材料在抗压强度、防火性能、保温能力等方面的不足,本实验将秸秆掺入地质聚合物中合成一种新型复合保温建筑材料,研究了不同秸秆含量对材料保温性能的影响,并考察了材料的耐高温性能。结果表明:秸秆地质聚合物具有良好的保温性能,秸秆掺量由1%增至6%时,材料的导热系数由0.0981 W/m·K减至0.0692 W/m·K。秸秆掺入量为4%时,抗压强度为32.78 MPa。耐高温实验结果显示,当煅烧温度低于250℃时,地质聚合物对秸秆具有一定的保护作用。当材料在600℃温度下煅烧120 min后,其抗压强度依然达到35.94MPa。温度在800℃以内材料具有稳定的矿物组成,热稳定性良好。     

塔河油田于奇地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶作用研究

塔河油田北部于奇地区经多期构造运动,岩溶储层发育不均。从岩心观察、薄片鉴定、钻井和录井资料及测井、地震资料等方面进行分析解释,论述于奇地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩多期岩溶作用的存在依据和发育特征,总结同生、表生期大气水裸露风化壳型岩溶作用和侵蚀埋藏岩溶作用模式。结果表明:研究区西南部岩溶斜坡集中发育岩溶缝孔洞和洞穴,北部岩溶高地溶蚀作用不强,岩溶缝孔洞相对较少。于奇地区主要经历了加里东中晚期表生大气水岩溶作用、海西早期同生岩溶作用及海西期埋藏岩溶作用。     

Coal-derived Gas Accumulation Characteristics and Exploration Prospects of Upper Paleozoic in Eastern Linqing Depression

<正>1 Introduction Bohai Bay Basin is the highest oil production basin in China,but the proven reserves and production of natural gas is far less than the size of the oil.In recent years,petroleum geologists found one after another in Wenan Slope of Jizhong Depression,Kongxi and Wumaying     

Compositions and Pressure–Temperature Conditions of Metamorphic Fluids Overprinting the Talate VMS Pb–Zn Deposit, Southern Altay, China

The Talate Pb-Zn deposit,located in the east of the NW-SE extending Devonian Kelan volcanic-sedimentary basin of the southern Altaides,occurs in the metamorphic rock series of the upper second lithological section of the lower Devonian lower Kangbutiebao Formation(D_1k_1~2).The Pb-Zn orebodies are stratiform and overprinted by late sulfide—quartz veins.Two distinct mineralization periods were identified:a submarine volcanic sedimentary exhalation period and a metamorphic hydrothermal mineralization period.The metamorphic overprinting period can be further divided into two stages:an early stage characterized by bedding-parallel lentoid quartz veins developed in the chlorite schist and leptite of the ore-bearing horizon,and a late stage represented by pyritechalcopyrite-quartz veins crosscutting chlorite schist and leptite or the massive Pb-Zn ores.Fluid inclusions in the early metamorphic quartz veins are mainly CO_2-H_2O-NaCI and carbonic(CO_2±CH_4±N_2) inclusions with minor aqueous inclusions.The CO_2-H_2O-NaCl inclusions have homogenization temperatures of 294-368℃,T_(m,CO2) of-62.6 to-60.5℃,T_(h,CO2) of 7.7 to 29.6℃(homogenized into liquid),and salinities of 5.5-7.4 wt%NaCl eqv.The carbonic inclusions have T_(m,CO2)of-60.1 to-58.5℃,and T_(h,Co2) of-4.2 to 20.6℃.Fluid inclusions in late sulfide quartz veins are also dominated by CO_2-H_2O-NaCl and CO_2±CH_4 inclusions.The CO_2-H_2O-NaCl inclusions have T_(b,tot) of142 to 360℃,T_(m,CO2)of-66.0 to-56.6℃,T_(h,CO2) of-6.0 to 29.4℃(homogenized into liquid) and salinities of 2.4-16.5 wt%NaCl eqv.The carbonic inclusions have T_(m,Co2)of-61.5 to-57.3℃,and T_(h,CO2) of-27.0to 28.7℃.The aqueous inclusions(L-V) have T_(m,ice) of-9.8 to-1.3℃ and T_(h,tot) of 205 to 412℃.The P-T trapping conditions of CO_2-rich fluid inclusions(100-370 MPa,250-368℃) are comparable with the late- to post-regional metamorphism conditions.The CO_2-rich fluids,possibly derived from regional metamorphism,were involved in the reworking and metal enrichment of the primary ores.Based on these results,the Talate Pb-Zn deposit is classified as a VMS deposit modified by metamorphic fluids.The massive Pb-Zn ores with banded and breccia structures were developed in the early period of submarine volcanic sedimentary exhalation associated with an extensional subduction-related back-arc basin,and the quartz veins bearing polymetallic sulfides were formed in the late period of metamorphic hydrothermal superimposition related to the Permian-Triassic continental collision.