基于遥感的滨海湿地退化及其驱动力研究

文章以1997~2008年为时间尺度,研究珠海市滨海湿地的动态变化。在对研究区域进行实地调查的基础上,以1997、2000、2004、2008年4期Thematic Mapper(专题测图仪)影像为信息源,结合其他调查统计资料,以地理信息系统作为支撑,建立了适合珠海市的滨海湿地分类系统,提取了滨海湿地的相关信息。在此基础上选取珠海市的一些社会经济指标,借助统计分析软件SPSS,利用典型相关分析方法,揭示了各类湿地面积变化与社会、经济各要素之间的相关关系,对引起滨海湿地变化的驱动力进行了研究。     

声速剖面EOF表示对多波束水深数据的影响研究

基于实测数据,将测区内声速剖面进行EOF表示,进而采用常梯度分层声线跟踪法对EOF表示的声速剖面和实测声速剖面进行比对,统计有效波束比。比对结果表明:采用EOF表示的声速剖面进行的水深数据改正能够满足多波束水深测量的精度指标要求,论证了采用EOF方法表示多波束勘测水深声速剖面场的有效性。     

Spatiotemporal patterns of road network and road development priority in three parallel rivers region in Yunnan, China: An evaluation based on modified kernel distance estimate

Road network is a critical component of public infrastructure,and the supporting system of social and economic development.Based on a modified kernel density estimate(KDE)algorithm,this study evaluated the road service capacity provided by a road network composed of multi-level roads(i.e.national,provincial,county and rural roads),by taking account of the differences of effect extent and intensity for roads of different levels.Summarized at town scale,the population burden and the annual rural economic income of unit road service capacity were used as the surrogates of social and economic demands for road service.This method was applied to the road network of the Three Parallel River Region,the northwestern Yunnan Province,China to evaluate the development of road network in this region.In results,the total road length of this region in 2005 was 3.70×104km,and the length ratio between national,provincial,county and rural roads was 1∶2∶8∶47.From 1989 to 2005,the regional road service capacity increased by 13.1%,of which the contributions from the national,provincial,county and rural roads were 11.1%,19.4%,22.6%,and 67.8%,respectively,revealing the effect of′All Village Accessible′policy of road development in the mountainous regions in the last decade.The spatial patterns of population burden and economic requirement of unit road service suggested that the areas farther away from the national and provincial roads have higher road development priority(RDP).Based on the modified KDE model and the framework of RDP evaluation,this study provided a useful approach for developing an optimal plan of road development at regional scale.     

基于PCA和LOGIT模型的网络入侵检测方法

针对高维度网络数据进行多类攻击行为检测的需求,提出一种基于PCA和Logit模型的网络入侵检测方法,通过PCA对网络数据降维、简化数据集和多项式Logit模型实现对不同攻击行为的识别并判别其类型。实验结果表明,方法在网络入侵识别上具有较理想的效果。     

青海互助一次局地强降水天气多普勒雷达回波分析

利用西宁CINRAD/CD多普勒天气雷达资料及自动站观测数据等从影响降水的主要因子方面探讨了2011年7月2日晚青海互助县一次局地强降水的成因,结果表明:多单体强回波带的活动是造成互助短时强降水的主要原因;速度图上强的辐合和逆风区是预报强降水的关键因子;垂直风廓线图上强烈的垂直风切变是不稳定能量积聚的表现,与强降水联系紧密;垂直累计液态含水量(VIL)和回波顶高也能为强降水预报提供有效信息。     

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基于空间综合分析的长株潭城市群结构评价与优化策略

长株潭城市群空间特征及优化策略可作为我国多中心城市群空间优化的典型样本之一.本文运用多维度空间分析方法,对长株潭城市群空间展开现状测度与评价,尊重城市群阶段特征,选取针对性指标对比反映空间内在特征.在采用核密度法分析2013年和2017年湖南省152个区县第二产业与就业指标的空间变化后,得出长株潭城市群已初步形成空间—...     

基于MODIS数据地表温度反演劈窗算法的比较研究

选取QIN和SOB两种代表性劈窗算法对辽宁地区地表温度进行反演,并分析二者的精度和误差分布。结果表明：QIN和SOB算法反演的地表温度（TS）与地面气象台站准同步观测的气温和地温的线性拟合显著,SOB算法线性拟合更好;从误差分布直方图上看,两种算法的反演结果与地温更接近,SOB算法与同步气温和地温在±2 ℃之间的误差比例略高于QIN算法;在野外开展与卫星遥感空间尺度一致的地表温度观测试验,QIN和SOB算法与实测值的平均绝对误差均为1.5 ℃;与NASA官网发布的地表温度产品对比发现,QIN和SOB算法的平均绝对误差分别为1.75 ℃、1.70 ℃;因此QIN、SOB算法在辽宁地区均适用,SOB算法误差更小。     

Statistical Downscaling of FGOALS-s2 Projected Precipitation in Eastern China

A statistical regression downscaling method was used to project future changes in precipitation over eastern China based on Phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project （CMIPS） the Representative Concentration Pathway （RCP） scenarios simulated by the second spectral version of the Flexible Global Ocean- Atmosphere-Land System （FGOALS-s2） model. Our val- idation results show that the downscaled time series agree well with the present observed precipitation in terms of both the annual mean and the seasonal cycle. The regres- sion models built from the historical data are then used to generate future projections. The results show that the en- hanced land-sea thermal contrast strengthens both the subtropical anticyclone over the western Pacific and the east Asian summer monsoon flow under both RCPs. However, the trend of precipitation in response to warming over the 21 st century are different across eastern Chi- na under different RCPs. The area to the north of 32°N is likely to experience an increase in annual mean precipitation, while for the area between 23°N and 32°N mean precipitation is projected to decrease slightly over this century under RCP8.5. The change difference between scenarios mainly exists in the middle and late century. The land-sea thermal contrast and the associated east Asian summer monsoon flow are stronger, such that precipitation increases more, at higher latitudes under RCP8.5 compared to under RCP4.5. For the region south of 32°N, rainfall is projected to increase slightly under RCP4.5 but decrease under RCP8.5 in the late century. At the high resolution of 5 km, our statistically downscaled results for projected precipitation can be used to force hydrological models to project hydrological processes, which will be of great benefit to regional water planning and management.     

Energetics of lateral eddy diffusion/advection：Part Ⅱ. Numerical diffusion/diffusivity and gravitational potential energy change due to isopycnal diffusion

Study of oceanic circulation and climate requires models which can simulate tracer eddy diffusion and ad vection accurately. It is shown that the traditional Eulerian coordinates can introduce large artificial hori zontal diffusivity/viscosity due to the incorrect alignment of the axis. Therefore, such models can smear sharp fronts and introduce other numerical artifacts. For simulation with relatively low resolution, large lateral diffusion was explicitly used in models; therefore, such numerical diffusion may not be a problem. However, with the increase of horizontal resolution, the artificial diffusivity/viscosity associated with hori zontal advection in the commonly used Eulerian coordinates may become one of the most challenging ob stacles for modeling the ocean circulation accurately. Isopycnal eddy diffusion （mixing） has been widely used in numerical models. The common wisdom is that mixing along isopycnal is energy free. However, a careful examination reveals that this is not the case. In fact, eddy diffusion can be conceptually separated into two steps： stirring and subscale diffusion. Due to the thermobaric effect, stirring, or exchanging water masses, along isopycnal surface is associated with the change of GPE in the mean state. This is a new type of instability, called the thermobaric instability. In addition, due to cabbeling subscale diffusion of water parcels always leads to the release of GPE. The release of GPE due to isopycnal stirring and subscale diffusion may lead to the thermobaric instability.