基于GPS速度场的云南地壳应力积累特征分析

利用2009~2015年的GPS水平运动速度场数据,解算云南地区的地壳应变场,在红河断裂与曲江断裂选取两个GPS剖面,计算并分析两个断裂的应变积累特征。结果显示：1）红河、曲江、小江等多个主要断裂应变场存在张、压交替的时空演化特征,近期曲江断裂南段表现为东西向拉张,红河断裂北段东西向拉张量值较大,约12.0×10-8/a,云南南部主要表现为NNE向的压性变化;2）从GPS剖面看,红河、曲江断裂在两个方向上均显示右旋走滑与拉张的变化特征,从量值上看,红河断裂北段运动速率较大,约8.90 mm/a。     

Soil Organic Carbon Contents and Stocks in Coastal Salt Marshes with Spartina alterniflora Following an Invasion Chronosequence in the Yellow River Delta,China

Plant invasion alters the fundamental structure and function of native ecosystems by affecting the biogeochemical pools and fluxes of materials and energy. Native(Suaeda salsa) and invasive(Spartina alterniflora) salt marshes were selected to study the effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion on soil organic carbon(SOC) contents and stocks in the Yellow River Delta. Results showed that the SOC contents(g/kg) and stocks(kg/m~2) were significantly increased(P 0.05) after Spartina alterniflora invasion of seven years, especially for the surface soil layer(0–20 cm). The SOC contents exhibited an even distribution along the soil profiles in native salt marshes, while the SOC contents were gradually decreased with depth after Spartina alterniflora invasion of seven years. The natural ln response ratios(Ln RR) were applied to identify the effects of short-term Spartina alterniflora invasion on the SOC stocks. We also found that Spartina alterniflora invasion might cause soil organic carbon losses in a short-term phase(2–4 years in this study) due to the negative Ln RR values, especially for 20–60 cm depth. And the SOCD in surface layer(0–20 cm) do not increase linearly with the invasive age. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that silt + clay content was exponentially related with SOC in surface layer(Adjusted R~2 = 0.43, P 0.001), suggesting that soil texture could play a key role in SOC sequestration of coastal salt marshes.     

Changes of Biogenic Elements in Phragmites australis and Suaeda salsa from Salt Marshes in Yellow River Delta,China

Little information is available on biogenic elements(carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur) and the ecological stoichiometric characteristics of plants in coastal wetlands. To investigate the contents of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur of plants, and their ecological stoichiometric characteristics in the Yellow(Huanghe) River Delta, plant samples were collected from two typical salt marshes(Suaeda salsa and Phragmites australis wetlands) during the period of from August to October in 2007, and the ratios of C/N, C/P, N/P, C/N/P and C/N/P/S were calculated. Results showed that during the studying period, plant C, N and P were lower than the global average values, and plant N and P were lower than the China's average values. Leaf C and S in Suaeda salsa were significantly lower than those in Phragmites australis(P 0.05), and leaf N and P in Suaeda salsa and Phragmites australis showed no significant differences(P 0.05). Average C/N ratios were 23.75 in leaf, 73.36 in stem, 65.67 in root of Suaeda salsa, and 33.77 in leaf, 121.68 in stem, 97.13 in root of Phragmites australis. Average C/N ratios of Suaeda salsa and Phragmites australis were all great than 25, indicating the salt marsh in the Yellow River Delta is an N limitation system. Average C/P ratios were 276.78 in leaf, 709.28 in stem and 1031.32 in root of Suaeda salsa, and 536.94 in leaf, 768.13 in stem and 875.22 in root of Phragmites australis. The average N/P ratios of Suaeda salsa were 12.92 in leaf, 10.77 in stem and 10.91 in root, and the average N/P ratios of Phragmites australis were 16.40 in leaf, 7.40 in stem and 6.92 in root, indicating the Suaeda salsa wetlands were N limited and Phragmites australis wetlands were N limited in August and P limited in October in 2007. The average C/N, C/P and C/N/P ratios in Suaeda salsa and Pragmites australis were higher than the global average values, indicating the lower quality of organic matter provided by wetland plants in the Yellow River delta.     

基于小波与包络线的土壤有机质高光谱估测

以陕西省横山县为研究区,对小波分析法与包络线去除法融合应用于土壤有机质高光谱估测的有效性进行了探究。利用陕西省横山县84个土壤样本的光谱反射率和有机质含量数据,采用小波分析法去除了部分噪声,通过光谱一阶微分变换,提高光谱反射率与有机质的相关性,采用包络线去除法提取建模因子,减少数据冗余后最终采用回归分析法建立土壤有机质的估测模型。结果表明,与未采用小波分析法建立的模型比较,建模因子的相关性提高了0.1~0.25,模型的判定系数可达0.932,提高了0.207,检验样本的均方根误差RMSE为0.107,减小了0.116。总体而言,小波分析与包络线去除法联合应用于土壤有机质高光谱估测是有效的且所建模型精度较高,但数据质量对模型精度有重要影响。     

北斗在南/北极地区的基本定位性能评估

基于BDS、GPS系统的星座结构,对当前的BDS二代导航系统（BD2）、全部建成后的BDS系统在极地科考站（黄河站、昆仑站、中山站、长城站）和北极圈的可见卫星数、DOP值、定位精度等进行评估,并将建成后的BDS、GPS及其组合系统在南/北极的基本定位性能进行对比分析。仿真结果表明,当前的BD2只实现了极地的部分覆盖,对极地提供导航定位的能力有限,大范围内的定位精度大于30.0 m; BDS在极地的定位精度将与GPS相当,可见卫星数可达13颗左右,PDOP值优于1.6,定位精度优于8.0 m;GPS/BDS组合后在极地的PDOP值优于1.4,定位精度优于6.0 m。
     

柴达木盆地北缘上三叠统—侏罗系层序特征与含油气系统划分

本文应用层序地层学理论将柴达木盆地缘上三叠统－侏罗系划分为5个层序、12个体系域，确定了该区烃源岩主要赋存在层序Ⅱ和层序Ⅲ的湖侵体系域深湖相泥岩中；通过地震剖面追踪，圈定了烃源岩赋存于下株罗统层序Ⅱ和中株罗统层序Ⅲ中，主要以冷湖－南八仙构造带为边界；烃源岩发育层段的地震相、沉积相研究表明，下株罗统层序Ⅱ的湖侵体系域发育大面积的滨浅湖、沼泽相沉积，在湖盆中心发育面积较小的半深湖－深湖相沉积，中株罗统层序Ⅲ的湖侵体系域仅在鱼卡凹陷及其周缘发育半深湖相；依据层序划发、沉积相的研究成果，确定了主要生烃中心，并依据烃源岩分布特征将柴达木盆地北缘划发为J1（！）－R和2(!)-E2个含油气系统，其中J1（！）－R含油气系统为中等丰度的含油气系统，围绕其周围的昆特依构造、冷湖七号构造、伊克雅乌汝构造是有利的勘探目标；J2（！）－E含油气系统面积较小，烃源岩厚度较薄，勘探潜力较小。     

锦州9-3油田海域环境现状及其评价

1 引言 石油,作为现代社会的主要能源,在全球经济迅速发展和人口激增的情况下,世界范围内的供求在不断增长,海洋石油勘探开发规模也在不断扩大.海洋油气开发已成为我国油气战略资源的主要来源之一.     

底栖生物生物量空间插值方法研究

在地统计学和地理信息系统支持下,采用反距离加权(Inverse distance weighting,IDW)、径向基函数(Radial basis functions,RBF)、普通克里格(Ordinary Kriging,OK)3种插值方法对2007年4月获得的大亚湾人工鱼礁区及附近海域底栖生物生物量数据进行空间插值方法研究,并对插值精确度进行交叉验证。结果显示,经对数转化后的数据呈正态分布,而且3种插值方法对其进行插值,所得的等值面图效果比原始数据所得等值面图效果好。交叉验证显示,对数转化数据插值精确度OK﹥RBF﹥IDW。观察插值结果等值面图,发现3种方法均能较客观地模拟出底栖生物生物量的总体分布趋势,在对局部趋势的模拟上,OK的表现效果最好。     

基于AR模型的海洋环境噪声仿真预测研究

文章主要介绍了AR模型及其参数确定的基本方法。应用Matlab仿真软件,对海洋环境噪声信号的时间序列进行仿真分析,并对预测值与真实值进行比较。结果表明,应用AR模型预测得到的环境噪声信号很好地逼近了实测值,预测的功率谱也具有较高的精度,模拟的结果较好,为海洋环境噪声的预报提供了一种简单可行的模式。