鄂尔多斯盆地西峰地区延长组烃源岩两环烷烃分布特征及其生源

鄂尔多斯盆地西南部西峰地区三叠系延长组烃源岩检出丰富的两环烷烃,主要为C12~C14和C15、C16两组两环烷烃。其相对丰度表现出3种源岩模式:1以低碳数两环烷烃为主,出现于长71和长81段非烃源岩;2两组两环烷烃都很丰富,出现于长73段富有机质烃源岩;3以高碳数两环烷烃为主,主要发现于长73段烃源岩,也见于长72和长81段。尽管长7段热演化程度基本一致,但补身烷异构化指数变化明显,表明补身烷重排不仅受热演化的影响,而且受有机质来源和沉积环境的控制。延长组烃源岩具有明显的高补身烷优势,反映了烃源岩的还原性沉积环境。烃源岩高丰度C15、C16两环烷烃的检出则指示该地区晚三叠世发育淡水湖泊。葡萄藻不仅是该地区中生界石油的重要母质来源,而且可能是这些两环类标志物的直接生源。     

基于模糊熵的GLLE熵阈值分割方法

图像分割是计算机视觉中基础且重要的一个问题.熵阈值图像分割作为一种有效的分割方法,被广泛应用于模式识别和图像处理中.传统的图像分割方法并不能获得足够有效的图像特征.为解决这个问题且进一步探究熵阈值在图像分割中的应用,引入一种GLLE（Gray Level and Local Entropy）二维直方图改进熵阈值图像分割模型,并提出了基于模糊熵的方法计算所建立的二维直方图模型.通过标准实验数据集上的对比实验表明,基于模糊熵的GLLE熵阈值分割方法可以得到更加准确的阈值,提高了分割精度.同时在处理不同类型图像的表现上优于往常的算法,具有更强的鲁棒性.     

Status of Stratigraphy Research in China

Scientific research and productive practice for earth history are inseparable from the accurate stratigraphic framework and time framework. Establishing the globally unified, precise and reliable chronostratigraphic series and geological time series is the major goal of the International Commission on Stratigraphy(ICS). Under the leadership of the ICS, the countries around the world have carried out research on the Global Standard Stratotype-section and Points(GSSPs) for the boundaries of chronostratigraphic systems. In the current International Chronostratigraphic Chart(ICC), 65 GSSPs have been erected in the Phanerozoic Eonothem, and one has yet been erected in the Precambrian Eonothem. Based on the progress of research on stratigraphy especially that from its subcommissions, the ICS is constantly revising the ICC, and will publish a new International Stratigraphic Guide in 2020. After continual efforts and broad international cooperation of Chinese stratigraphers, 10 GSSPs within the Phanerozoic Eonothem have been approved and ratified to erect in China by the ICS and IUGS. To establish the standards for stratigraphic division and correlation of China, with the support from the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the China Geological Survey, Chinese stratigraphers have carried out research on the establishment of Stages in China. A total of 102 stages have been defined in the "Regional Chronostratigraphic Chart of China(geologic time)", in which 59 stages were studied in depth. In 2014, the "Stratigraphic Chart of China" was compiled, with the essential contents as follows: the correlation between international chronostratigraphy and regional chronostratigraphy of China(geologic time), the distributive status of lithostratigraphy, the characteristics of geological ages, the biostratigraphic sequence, the magnetostratigraphy, the geological events and eustatic sea-level change during every geological stage. The "Stratigraphical Guide of China and its Explanation(2014)" was also published. Chinese stratigraphers have paid much attention to stratigraphic research in south China, northeast China, north China and northwest China and they have made great achievements in special research on stratigraphy, based on the 1:1000000, 1:250000, 1:200000 and 1:50000 regional geological survey projects. Manifold new stratigraphic units were discovered and established by the regional geological surveys, which are helpful to improve the regional chronostratigraphic series of China. On the strength of the investigation in coastal and offshore areas, the status of marine strata in China has been expounded. According to the developing situation of international stratigraphy and the characteristics of Chinese stratigraphic work, the contrast relation between regional stratigraphic units of China and GSSPs will be established in the future, which will improve the application value of GSSPs and the standard of regional stratigraphic division and correlation. In addition, the study of stratigraphy of the Precambrian, terrestrial basins and orogenic belts will be strengthened, the Stratigraphic Chart of China will be improved, the typical stratigraphic sections in China will be protected and the applied study of stratigraphy in the fields of oil and gas, solid minerals, etc. will be promoted. On the ground of these actions, stratigraphic research will continue to play a great role in the social and economic development of China.     

车载全景相机的影像匹配和光束法平差

提出一种针对车载全景影像序列的自动匹配和光束法平差方法.首先在单景鱼眼相机上进行多特征联合的初匹配;然后将同名特征投影到全景相机坐标系,并利用GPS/IMU数据进行粗差剔除和精匹配;再建立全景坐标下的透视投影几何模型,对匹配获得的连接点进行GPS/IMU辅助的光束法区域网平差,根据连接点的距离设定初始权,并通过选权迭代法剔除粗差,获得最终平差结果.试验结果表明,本文所提出的多特征匹配和全景坐标系平差的方法能够很好地处理全景相机的连接点提取和平差问题.     

GIS空间过程建模系统初探

阐述了GIS空间过程和空间过程建模的概念，提出了空间过程建模系统的概念框架，分析了其功能需求和主要的支撑技术。     

北阿尔金地区古元古代岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

北阿尔金是塔里木克拉通变质基底的主要出露区之一。对该区具有侵入接触关系的正长花岗岩和花岗片麻岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年研究。正长花岗岩中的锆石多呈椭圆状,具有振荡环带结构,部分颗粒中可见老锆石残核,Th/U值较高,亏损轻稀土元素,富集重稀土元素,具有负Eu异常和正Ce异常的特点,表明该组锆石为岩浆成因。定年结果获得1903±13Ma和2506±55Ma两组年龄加权平均值,前者代表岩体的结晶年龄,后者为捕获锆石年龄,结合区域年代学资料,认为正长花岗岩岩浆侵入过程中可能捕获了太古宇米兰群的古老基底锆石。花岗片麻岩中16个测点的锆石~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb年龄集中于1802±28Ma,代表了岩体侵位时代,其余5个测点的锆石~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb年龄为1911~1951Ma,说明岩浆侵位过程中捕获了部分正长花岗岩的物质。区域地质与同位素年代学研究表明,北阿尔金地区广泛存在2.0~1.8Ga的构造-热事件。获得的花岗质岩石的1.9~1.8Ga的年龄结果,直接证实了北阿尔金存在约1.9Ga的岩浆作用,可能为古元古代Columbia超大陆汇聚事件在该地区的响应,为探讨塔里木板块前寒武纪构造-热事件演化历史提供了新资料。古元古代末期约1.8Ga的花岗片麻岩,代表了后造山伸展阶段的岩浆活动。     

地铁盾构施工影响下摩天轮实时监测技术研究

城市地铁施工对地面建筑物的安全有着重大的影响,必须在施工过程对其进行跟踪监测,而传统的测量方法已经不能满足其工程的需要.在监测中使用自动化全站仪,实现监测自动化、精确化,可以节约人力、物力、财力,从而使结构安全得到保障.通过对地铁盾构施工影响下的摩天轮进行实时自动化监测,确保摩天轮在地铁盾构过程的安全,并为以后类似的工程提供参考.     

东海和黄海表层沉积物生物标志物的分布特征及古生态重建潜力

多参数生物标志物法已被广泛用于重建浮游植物生产力和种群结构.但目前还缺乏这一应用的现代证据,尤其是西太平洋边缘海地区.文中作者对东/黄海的表层沉积物中的浮游植物生物标志物的分布进行研究,发现东海表层沉积物中菜子甾醇、甲藻甾醇、长链烯酮的总含量变化范围为357～3 115 ng/g,黄海的总含量变化范围为2 898 ～6 714 ng/g,硅藻、甲藻和颗石藻生物标志物总量基本具有近岸高、离岸低的趋势,与现场调查资料所得到的趋势基本一致.生物标志物比例结果显示在东海的长江口方向离岸越远硅藻相对比例下降,而在长江口以南则是离岸越远硅藻比例升高.在东海和黄海颗石藻所占比例都很低,但是有离岸越远比例升高的趋势.用生物标志物所重建的种群结构的变化趋势与现场调查资料相符,但其绝对值却与现场资料存在差异.本研究为生物标志物重建种群结构提供了现代数据,但是此方法的定量应用还需做进一步的研究.     

Temporal-Spatial Variation of Surface Suspended Matter and Controlling Factors in the Inner Shelf of the East China Sea in Winter

Based on the observed surface suspended matter in the East China Sea in February 2007 and June 2015, an empirical model was established using L1 b's band 4 data to retrieve surface suspended matter from the Moderate Resolution Imagine Spectroradiometer Terra imagery. The squared correlation coefficient is 0.8358, and the root mean square error is 0.4285 mg L-1. The model reflects the distribution characteristics of surface suspended matter in the inner shelf of the East China Sea. In this paper, the satellite images of the study area were retrieved in January from 2001 to 2015, and the monthly distribution of surface suspended matter were obtained. The inter-annual distribution of the study area is similar, and the concentration of surface suspended matter is higher near the shore than offshore. A large amount of surface suspended matter is transported southeast under the influence of Zhejiang and Fujian coastal current and Taiwan warm current. Only a small amount of surface suspension can reach the Kuroshio area. The surface suspended matter concentration changes obviously near the estuary because of the effect of differences in the flux of the Yangtze River. Meanwhile, winter monsoon, temperature front, El Ni?o events, and other factors affect the distribution of surface suspended matter in 100 m isobath to coastal water but minimally influence the distribution in 100 m isobath to deep sea.     

东喜马拉雅构造结气候构造作用下热史演化的40Ar/39Ar年代学记录

以喜马拉雅山系为典型实例,究竟是气候作用还是构造作用引起山体隆升的问题已经成为地球系统科学研究中的重要前沿问题。无论是气候因素还是构造因素引起山体隆升,二者都与一个共同的地表过程——剥蚀作用相关,剥蚀作用对山体中地质体的影响可以用岩石矿物经历的热史演化来描述,所以,在造山作用研究中,山体或山脉的热史演化是揭开地质体经历地质过程、山体隆升研究的重要途径。利用河砂组成矿物来研究流域的地质过程和构造演化已经成为现代地质科学的重要手段。本文采集了雅鲁藏布江下游墨脱县以南约50 km处地东河段内的现代河砂,对其中的角闪石、白云母、黑云母及钾长石等四种矿物进行了高精度单颗粒激光⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar年代学测试,并进行了概率统计。地东河段河砂中富钾矿物⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar年代学统计结果显示,大峡谷流域的热史演化可以确定有多个阶段,分别可以识别出70~69、61~60、43~42、35~34、26~25、25~23、22~20、20~18、17~14、12~11、8~6、5~4及<2Ma等13个热史演化阶段。通过将上述热史信息与印度大陆与欧亚大陆碰撞角度和碰撞速率变化曲线的对比,可以确定70~69、61~60、43~42、35~34、22~20和12~11Ma等6个阶段的年代学信息是两大陆碰撞角度和碰撞速率变化事件在东喜马拉雅构造结热史上的记录;通过与全球深海氧、碳同位素记录曲线的对比,可以认为26~25、25~23、17~14、8~6、5~4和<2Ma等6个阶段的年代学信息是气候变化在东喜马拉雅构造结热史上的记录。东喜马拉雅构造结地质体热史演化是构造与气候相互作用的结果。