Human impact and soil erosion during the last 5000 yrs as recorded in lacustrine sedimentary organic matter at Lac d'Annecy, the French Alps

Sedimentary organic matter has been systematically studied in an eight-metre long core from the centre of the Petit Lac (Annecy, French Alps). The palynofacies composition identifies different terrestrial organic sources including forest floors, soil-horizons and geological substratum. The amount of recycled organic matter derived from the geological substratum is estimated and subtracted from the other contributions from the catchment area. The palynological record indicates that the relative variations in organic sources are directly dependent on human land-use. From ca. 5000 to 1700 BP, the human impact on soil cohesion is very low and organic matter is mainly exported from the surficial forest floor. The Roman invasion (ca. 1700 BP) marks the most important ecological and hydrological change. From 1700 to 900 BP, the clearing of forests released deeper-soil components. This trend is increased after 900 BP with agriculture intensification, which resulted in a higher sedimentation rate. In all the periods, extreme events such as flood or intensive run-off are characterised by notable increases of organic matter from surface (5000 to 1700 BP) and deep (1700 BP to now) soils.     

浙西南中元古界龙泉群的地质年代学

龙泉群区域变质岩系的时代一直被归属于震旦纪—早古生代(闽北的相当层位被置于震旦系)。笔者首次获得该群的全岩等时线年龄为1376.5±82.1Ma(Sm-Nd)和988.6±40.2Ma、951.7±11.4Ma(Rb—Sr),由此确定龙泉群的时代为中元古晚期(1000—1400Ma),其主期区域变质年龄约为950±50Ma。龙泉群副变质的Nd模式年龄t_(DM)=1.8—2.0Ga,其主要蚀源区为早前寒武纪陆壳。变质基性火山岩的ε_(Nd)(t)=1.63±0.63,反映其岩浆源自壳下亏损地幔并经古老硅铝壳的污染。结合基础地质研究成果分析,龙泉群系早元古代浙闽克拉通内地槽(裂陷糟)火山—沉积产物,属内硅铝壳造山带而非洋壳残块。     

Changes of lead and barium with time in California off-shore basin sediments

During ancient times the natural deposition fluxes of lead which can be leached with dilute acid from sediments in Santa Barbara, Santa Monica and San Pedro basins offshore from the Los Angeles Urban complex, were about 0.7, 0.1 and 0.2 μg Pb/cm² yr respectively. Since there was little difference in biological productivity in surface waters of these basins, it is proposed that clay is a major transport vehicle for sequestered soluble lead, which then explains why the lead deposition flux within the Santa Barbara basin was so much larger compared to the other basins. The fluxes of silicate mud in the basins in ancient times were about 92, 19 and 30 mg/cm² yr in Santa Barbara, Santa Monica and San Pedro basins respectively. Today deposition fluxes of acid soluble lead within these three basins are 3- to 9-fold greater, being about 2.1, 1.1 and 1.8 μg Pb/cm² yr respectively, partly in the form of directly deposited large sewage particles, which account for none, $\text{2}\text{3}$ and $\text{3}\text{4}$ of the total industrial lead deposition fluxes in the respective basins. Concentrations of leachable lead in varve dated sediment layers increase with time and isotopic compositions of these leads change in accordance with corresponding known changes of isotopic compositions of industrial lead in the Los Angeles atmosphere. Lead remaining in acid leached sediment residues originates from igneous and clay minerals, exhibiting no change in concentration or isotopic composition since pre-industrial times.Deposition fluxes of total barium in sediments among the three basins were proportional to mass deposition fluxes before 1950 in the same manner as for lead. Afterwards, there are barium concentration maxima with time in both Santa Monica and San Pedro Basin sediments which are attributable to industrial sewage rather than to episodic erosion from barium-rich sedimentary evaporite strata exposed locally along the shore. An increase of barium concentrations in present day Santa Barbara basin sediments may reflect dispersal of barium-rich drilling mud from local drilling operations.     

Directivity in the stream-plasma interaction

Center-to-limb variations indicate that a type III burst is likely to be emitted in a radial direction while a type IIIb emission is more perpendicular to the stream.     

层间氧化带型砂岩铀矿床地浸过程的热力学研究：以伊犁盆地512铀矿床为例

伊梨盆地512层间氧化带型砂岩铀矿床是中国第一个工业化规模开发的地浸铀矿床,作者简要地介绍了其地质特征和地浸开发工艺,并利用较新的Gibbs自由能和平衡常数数据,对该矿床地浸处理中铀的地球化学行为进行了定量研究。首先,通过标准电动势（E^o）,氧化-还原电位（Eh）的计算和分析,阐明了H2O2、硝酸盐、大气中自由氧都能提升溶液的Eh值,从而加速矿物相U^4 的氧化溶解,为了节约地浸氧化剂成本,对于U^4 /U^6 比值不太高的矿床来说,建议充分利用大气中自由氧化氧化剂,然后,通过化学平衡计算,推导出了地下水和硫酸浸出液中铀存在形式的计算公式,计算结果表明：（1）512铀矿床矿体所赋存的含矿层地下水中,铀主要以碳酸铀酰类络合物形式存在,并且以UO2（CO3)^4-3和UO2（CO3）^2-2形式为主,并随着pH从7.31升高到8.20,UO2CO3从3.80%降低到0.06%,UO2（CO3）^2-2从21.91%降低到3.12%,而UO2（CO3）^4-3则从74.28%升高到96.82%,（2）512铀矿床硫酸浸出液中,铀主要以硫酸铀酰类络合物形式存在,其中,UO2SO4占63.28%～ 63.86%,UO2(SO4)^2-2占16.55%～21.36%,UO^2 2占15.04%～19.62%,从推导出的计算公式可以看出,硫酸浸出液中铀的存在形式随溶液pH、总SO^2-4含量的变化而变化,并呈非线性关系,为了提高离子交换树脂的吸附性能,可利用文中推导出的公式进行计算,以使调节溶浸液的pH和总SO^2-4含量,从而达到浸出液中铀存在形式的最佳比例关系,最后,因热力学数据对化学反应平衡计算的影响呈指数关系,在进行热力学数据计算时,必须采用较新、较准确的数据。     

内蒙古赤峰地区新生代玄武岩的时空分布

本文首次对内蒙古赤峰地区新生代火山活动旋回进行了划分，包括渐新世旋回（24－33Ma）；中新世晚期旋回（6－10Ma）；上新世旋回（4．8Ma)和更新世旋回（0．89－0．16Ma）。进一步结合火山岩空间分布以及玄武岩的岩石学和地球化学特征分析，揭示了新生代火山活动由南东向北西逐渐变新，岩浆来源逐渐加深的规律。     

中天山地块南北两缘的韧性剪切带

本文详细描述了天山中段沿乌鲁木齐—库尔勒公路后峡—乌瓦门段的构造变形特点。综合室内外观察研究结果，在中天山地块南、北缘，及内部的乌拉斯台地区鉴别出三条规模较大的韧性剪切带：中天山北缘剪切带前人已有研究，出露宽达10km的右行斜冲剪切带，见大量糜棱岩、超糜棱岩；乌拉斯台剪切带中的糜棱岩宽超过200m，具有左行走滑运动特点；中天山地块南缘剪切带宽度达5km，内部发育大量闪长质糜棱岩、超糜棱岩，运动方式为左行斜冲。中天山块体南北两侧的脆性边界断层与糜棱岩带变形中心基本重合。这些剪切带具有相当大的走滑位移量，指示天山各地质单元间目前的空间关系可能是走滑拼接的结果。研究天山造山带内剪切带的展布、运动方式、总变形量，对于恢复各地质单元的初始位置、了解造山动力学过程具有重要意义。     

加快南方油气勘探的几点认识

南方石油地质条件“先天国内第一，后天国内最差”。南方未变质的沉积岩自晚元古代的震旦纪至新生代的第三纪沉积齐全，厚度很大，油源丰富，油气苗遍布，含油气远景乐观。但由于印度、欧亚和太平洋三大板块的活动，受力交点在南方，且构造运动强烈、断层密集、强度又大，勘探条件极为困难，风险大，南方具有勘探价值的地区有十七块。即阜阳黄口、合肥、苏经－同、皖南、萍乡－乐平、弋阳－吉安、浙闽东部火山岩覆盖区、江汉、秭归、