数字倾斜仪资料质量跟踪与映震效能研究

通过跟踪分析湖州地震台数字化水管倾斜仪和垂直摆倾斜仪连续2年的资料质量,发现水管倾斜仪观测精度高于垂直摆倾斜仪,并且资料稳定性逐年提高。从映震效能看,水管倾斜仪同震响应幅度远大于垂直摆,水管倾斜仪的自振周期远大于垂直摆倾斜仪而接近远震面波的周期,形成谐振,但两者的同震响应时间相当。     

识别天然地震和人工爆破的判据选择

从快速识别事件性质的要求出发,分析了天然地震和人工爆破的发震时间,P波初动方向,P波、S波振幅比值,P波、S波最大振幅与尾波持续时间比值等判据,得到P波初动方向和P最大振幅与S最大振幅比值是识别爆破和地震的两个有效判据,为研制“识别天然地震和人工爆破的分类决策支持系统”提供了应用依据.     

末次盛冰期以来苏拉威西海区上层海水对快速气候变化的响应

通过对苏拉威西海MD98-2178站位浮游有孔虫定量分析、表层浮游有孔虫Globigerinoides ruber壳体镁钙(Mg/ca)比值反演海表温度(SST),并结合表层和次表层浮游有孔虫氧、碳同位素,探讨末次盛冰期以来,苏拉威西海区温度、盐度、生产力、温跃层深度变化及其对快速气候变化的响应.研究发现:末次盛冰期苏...     

近30年中国极地气象科学研究进展

南极和北极是地球上的气候敏感地区,也是研究全球变化的关键区域.中国的南极和北极实地科学考察研究,分别始于20世纪80年代和90年代.作为国家行为,到2010年底,已经组织了27次南极考察、4次北极北冰洋考察和7次北极陆地考察;在南北极建立了4个科学考察站、5个(中澳/中美)合作自动气象站;初步形成了以有人考察站、无人自...     

后注浆桩单桩极限承载力与其影响因素的分析

随着城市开发的速度越来越快,土地也日益变得珍贵,高层建筑得到了快速发展,为了满足高层建筑物越来越大的结构荷载的需要,桩长和桩直径也变得越来越大。在不大幅增加成本的前提下,后注浆技术提高了钻孔灌注桩的单桩承载力,并降低了建筑物的沉降,因此得到了更广泛的应用。简要介绍了后注浆工艺的承载力提高机理及几个工程实例,分析了注浆前后单桩极限承载力变化情况及部分影响因素,为普及应用积累了一些素材。     

冲断构造带深层变形的空间分布规律——以库车坳陷克拉苏构造带为例

传统上认为前陆冲断带内部的背斜构造具有"成排成带分段"的特征,在表观认识和宏观尺度上讲,容易理解这一特征,并且通过"成排成带分段"的解剖,直接为含油气区带评价和地震解释方案的落实提供指导作用。随着前陆冲断带深层结构的精细解剖和三维空间内构造变形的准确刻画,发现前陆冲断带深层构造变形的分布并非成排成带分段的特征,褶皱构造的发育与分布明显受前陆冲断构造位移量及各个断层位移量的大小所控制,各个断层控制的逆冲岩席在垂向上相互叠置、侧向上交叉对接、走向上错落有致, 3D立体空间内由多个次级弧形体组成鳞片状分布。本文以中国天然气勘探最为成功、勘探资料最为详实的库车坳陷克拉苏构造带为例,通过地震剖面精细构造解释,揭示出构造变形的运动学特征及其构造位移量在传播过程中的分异和转换,进而控制冲断带内部构造岩席的生长发育和空间展布特征,并在3D立体空间内揭示冲断岩席受构造位移量的控制而成鳞片状分布的规律,控制这一分布规律的主控因素是冲断构造位移量与冲断岩席长度之间定量的几何关系。这一认识提升了油气藏评价和构造圈闭描述的精度。     

Traffic accessibility and the coupling degree of ecosystem services supply and demand in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River urban agglomeration,China

Journal of Geographical Sciences - The spatial relationships between traffic accessibility and supply and demand (S&D) of ecosystem services (ESs) are essential for the formulation of...     

Effect of Collisions and Magnetic Convergence on Electron Acceleration and Transport in Reconnecting Twisted Solar Flare Loops

We study a model of particle acceleration coupled with an MHD model of magnetic reconnection in unstable twisted coronal loops. The kink instability leads to the formation of helical currents with strong parallel electric fields resulting in electron acceleration. The motion of electrons in the electric and magnetic fields of the reconnecting loop is investigated using a test-particle approach taking into account collisional scattering. We discuss the effects of Coulomb collisions and magnetic convergence near loop footpoints on the spatial distribution and energy spectra of high-energy electron populations and possible implications on the hard X-ray emission in solar flares.     

中国南极维多利亚地新站气象特征分析

中国南极新站选择在维多利亚地特拉诺瓦湾难言岛上进行建设,其气象环境状况是开展科学研究的基础工作,也是考察队员生命安全保障的基础资料。因此,通过2013年度难言岛气象站的观测资料,结合附近地区历史气象资料,对该区域气象要素特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)由于地处罗斯海与东南极冰盖交界处,难言岛年均气压为987.8 h Pa,与中山站非常接近;(2)年均温为-16.1℃,最低气温为-39.3℃,且冬季气温波动较大,标准差可达±6.0℃;(3)年均相对湿度为42.1%,年均比湿为0.6 g·kg-1且冬季比湿极低,空气非常干燥,降水量非常低;(4)盛行风向为WNW,5—7级风出现频率超过50%,但夏季风速明显低于冬季风速,一般不超过8.0 m·s~(-1),有利于中国在夏季开展工程建设和补给;(5)难言岛年总辐射量为3 342.8 MJ·m~(-2),明显低于中山站,但两站反照率非常接近。     

Auto-registration and orthorecification algorithm for the time series HJ-1A/B CCD images

How to deal with geometric distortion is an open problem when using the massive amount of satellite images at a national or global scale,especially for multi-temporal image analysis.In this paper,an algorithm is proposed to automatically rectify the geometric distortion of time-series CCD multispectral data of small constellation for environmental and disaster mitigation(HJ-1A/B) which was launched by China in 2008.In this algorithm,the area-based matching method was used to automatically search tie points firstly,and then the polynomial function was introduced to correct the systematic errors caused by the satellite motion along the roll,pitch and yaw direction.The improved orthorectification method was finally used to correct pixel displacement caused by off-nadir viewing of topography,which are random errors in the images and cannot be corrected by the polynomial equation.Nine scenes of level 2 HJ CCD images from one path/row were taken as the warp images to test the algorithm.The test result showed that the overall accuracy of the proposed algorithm was within 2 pixels(the average residuals were 37.8 m,and standard deviations were 19.8 m).The accuracies of 45.96% validation points(VPs) were within 1 pixel and 90.33% VPs were within 2 pixels.The discussion showed that three main factors including the distortion patterns of HJ CCD images,percent of cloud cover and the varying altitude of the satellite orbit may affect the search of tie points and the accuracy of results.Although the influence of varying altitude of the satellite orbits is less than the other factors,it is noted that detailed satellite altitude information should be given in the future to get a more precise result.The proposed algorithm should be an efficient tool for the geo-correction of HJ CCD multi-spectral images.