阳朔“西街现象”的形成机理分析——旅游地发展中的游客理性消费与政府“无为而治”

阳朔县作为中国最早对外开放旅游的县之一,其演化历程具有独特性和典型性。在旅游参与期曾出现过一段主客关系和谐、商业秩序与休闲氛围俱佳的“西街现象”,引起媒体和业界的广泛关注,尚缺乏学术层面的解读。本文采用实证归纳的案例研究方法,借鉴旅游治理和目的地发展的相关理论,分析了“西街现象”的形成过程与内在机理,得出以下结论和启示：在旅游发展初期,信息完全的理性旅游消费者的到来,有助于规范目的地的商业经营环境。市场与社区自下而上互动协商达成共识的秩序,促成激励诚信经营的非正式制度嵌入于人际网络和旅游交易的场域之中,政府顺应市场规律即能实现“无为而治”的良性发展状态。本文通过归纳以有预算的理性游客作为市场推动力所触发的旅游地的发展特点,部分回应消费转型背景下旅游市场理性回归后的可能影响。对现实的启发是,适当控制旅游发展的速度和规模,给予本地人成长的时间和空间,教育游客与提升政府监管力度双管齐下,建立规则在先,更利于目的地实现可持续性的发展。     

Effect of benzo[a]pyrene on detoxification and the activity of antioxidant enzymes of marine microalgae

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of benzo[a]pyrene(Ba P) on the detoxification and antioxidant systems of two microalgae,Isochrysis zhanjiangensis and Platymonas subcordiformis.In our study,these two algae were exposed to Ba P for 4 days at three different concentrations including 0.5 μg~(L-1)(low),3 μg~(L-1)(mid) and 18 μg~(L-1)(high).The activity of detoxification enzymes,ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase(EROD) and glutathione S-transferase(GST) increased in P.subcordiformis in all Ba P-treated groups.In I.zhanjiangensis,the activity of these two enzymes increased at the beginning of exposure,and then decreased in the groups treated with mid-and high Ba P.The activity of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase(SOD) increased in I.zhanjiangensis in all Ba P-treated groups,and then decreased in high Ba P-treated group,while no significant change was observed in P.subcordiformis.The activity of antioxidant enzyme catalase(CAT) increased in I.zhanjiangensis and P.subcordiformis in all Ba Ptreated groups.The content of malondialdehyde(MDA) in Isochrysis zhanjiangensis increased first,and then decreased in high Ba P-treated group,while no change occurred in P.subcordiformis.These results demonstrated that Ba P significantly influenced the activity of detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes in microalgae.The metabolic related enzymes(EROD,GST and CAT) may serve as sensitive biomarkers of measuring the contamination level of Ba P in marine water.     

Depth classification of underwater targets based on complex acoustic intensity of normal modes

In order to solve the problem of depth classification of the underwater target in a very low frequency acoustic field, the active component of cross spectra of particle pressure and horizontal velocity (ACCSPPHV) is adopted to distinguish the surface vessel and the underwater target. According to the effective depth of a Pekeris waveguide, the placing depth forecasting equations of passive vertical double vector hydrophones are proposed. Numerical examples show that when the sum of depths of two hydrophones is the effective depth, the sign distribution of ACCSPPHV has nothing to do with horizontal distance; in addition, the sum of the first critical surface and the second critical surface is equal to the effective depth. By setting the first critical surface less than the difference between the effective water depth and the actual water depth, that is, the second critical surface is greater than the actual depth, the three positive and negative regions of the whole ocean volume are equivalent to two positive and negative regions and therefore the depth classification of the underwater target is obtained. Besides, when the 20 m water depth is taken as the first critical surface in the simulation of underwater targets (40 Hz, 50 Hz, and 60 Hz respectively), the effectiveness of the algorithm and the correctness of relevant conclusions are verified, and the analysis of the corresponding forecasting performance is conducted.     

Numerical Studies on Piled Gravity Base Foundation for Offshore Wind Turbine

This study aims to investigate a hybrid gravity base foundation to support offshore wind tower. A new hybrid gravity base foundation considered in this study has five component piles, referred to as ‘piled gravity base foundation’. The three-dimensional finite element analyses were carried out for the piled gravity base foundation subjected to a combined load with a lateral load and overturning moment. The parametric analyses were undertaken varying the loading height and direction, the rigidity of the piled gravity base foundation, the field soil layers, and the clay strength. Overall, the response of the piled gravity base foundation was significantly influenced by the interaction between the cone base piles and the surrounding soil. The increased strength of the soil led to a significant reduction of the pile and gravity base foundation responses, in terms of the bending moments, axial forces, lateral displacements, and rotations.     

Theoretical calculation of equilibrium Mg isotope fractionation between silicate melt and its vapor

Isotope fractionation during the evaporation of silicate melt and condensation of vapor has been widely used to explain various isotope signals observed in lunar soils, cosmic spherules, calcium–aluminum-rich inclusions, and bulk compositions of planetary materials. During evaporation and condensation, the equilibrium isotope fractionation factor (α) between high-temperature silicate melt and vapor is a fundamental parameter that can constrain the melt’s isotopic compositions. However, equilibrium α is difficult to calibrate experimentally. Here we used Mg as an example and calculated equilibrium Mg isotope fractionation in MgSiO₃ and Mg₂SiO₄ melt–vapor systems based on first-principles molecular dynamics and the high-temperature approximation of the Bigeleisen–Mayer equation. We found that, at 2500 K, δ²⁵Mg values in the MgSiO₃ and Mg₂SiO₄ melts were 0.141?±?0.004 and 0.143?±?0.003‰ more positive than in their respective vapors. The corresponding δ²⁶Mg values were 0.270?±?0.008 and 0.274?±?0.006‰ more positive than in vapors, respectively. The general \(\alpha - T\) equations describing the equilibrium Mg α in MgSiO₃ and Mg₂SiO₄ melt–vapor systems were: \(\alpha_{{{\text{Mg}}\left( {\text{l}} \right) - {\text{Mg}}\left( {\text{g}} \right)}} = 1 + \frac{{5.264 \times 10^{5} }}{{T^{2} }}\left( {\frac{1}{m} - \frac{1}{{m^{\prime}}}} \right)\) and \(\alpha_{{{\text{Mg}}\left( {\text{l}} \right) - {\text{Mg}}\left( {\text{g}} \right)}} = 1 + \frac{{5.340 \times 10^{5} }}{{T^{2} }}\left( {\frac{1}{m} - \frac{1}{{m^{\prime}}}} \right)\), respectively, where m is the mass of light isotope ²⁴Mg and m′ is the mass of the heavier isotope, ²⁵Mg or ²⁶Mg. These results offer a necessary parameter for mechanistic understanding of Mg isotope fractionation during evaporation and condensation that commonly occurs during the early stages of planetary formation and evolution.     

天津滨海新区抽水引起地面沉降现场试验研究

在天津滨海新区中新生态城服务中心开展了承压含水层抽水引起地面沉降的现场试验,采用振弦式孔隙水压力传感器和一孔多标数据采集器实时监测孔隙水压力和分层标的变化,分析了土体的变形性质和分层沉降的规律。试验结果表明,黏土层变形明显滞后于承压含水层水位的变化,以塑性变形为主且存在蠕变现象,而砂层既存在弹性变形,也存在一定的塑性变形和蠕变性。短期抽取地下水会使抽水井附近承压含水层上覆土体出现上小下大的沉降规律,且最大沉降出现在有明显孔隙水压力变化的土层顶板位置。     

重塑压实黏土Ⅰ型断裂试验研究

为探究重塑黏土Ⅰ型断裂韧度,本文在前人研究基础上,通过对应变控制式直剪仪进行改造,消除了传统三点弯曲试验对土体断裂韧度测试所带来的影响,研制了土体Ⅰ型断裂韧度测试仪,并对重塑黏土进行了一系列试验。试验结果表明:新研制出的土体Ⅰ型断裂韧度测试仪具有较好的可靠性;对具有相同物理状态的试样,U 形裂纹试样的断裂韧度最大,三角形裂纹试样的断裂韧度最小;试样的含水率和干密度其断裂韧度KIC具有显著影响,随含水率增加,断裂韧度呈现先增后减的变化规律,而随干密度增加,断裂韧度几乎线性增加;在试验采用的加载速率范围内,加载速率对断裂韧度的影响较小。     

碘化氨除锡后封闭酸溶-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定锡矿石中的共生和伴生元素

锡矿石是难分解的矿物,主要存在形式是锡石(SnO_2),且共生和伴生元素多,常用的酸溶方法几乎不能溶解SnO_2,从而给锡矿石中的共生与伴生元素的准确测定带来困难。本文基于碘化氨在较低温度下熔融可产生无水状态的碘化氢,利用碘化氢的酸性和氨的还原性分解SnO_2,使Sn呈SnI_4升华分离的原理处理锡矿石。实验中以高纯铂丝作催化剂,加入碘化铵在450℃的马弗炉中分解锡矿石30 min,使得Sn以SnI_4形式挥发,除锡率达到98%以上,再用2 mL氢氟酸和1 mL硝酸封闭溶解残渣,电感耦合等离子体质谱测定钴镍铜铌钽钍铀等24个共生和伴生元素。元素检出限在0. 001～2. 9μg/g之间,90%以上元素的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%,相对误差小于10%。本方法解决了锡矿石难分解的问题,可测定共存金属元素,也适合测定Sn含量在1. 27%～62. 49%之间的锡矿石中的微量和痕量元素及锡精矿中的微量元素。     

粗粒碎屑岩砾石定向性定量表征方法及应用

砾石定向性可用于辅助判断粗粒沉积物沉积环境的介质动力性质与强度。在岩芯图像分析与测量的基础上,运用砾石长轴视倾角玫瑰花图中任意相邻三个小扇形的半径之和的最大值（参数a）和小扇形半径大小偏离程度（参数σ）对玛湖地区百口泉组砂砾岩中砾石定向性进行等级划分和定量表征。通过该方法的应用,建立了该区不同级别砾石定向性的定量划分方案:有明显定向性（a大于35%且σ大于4）、有一定定向性（a大于35%且σ小于4）、有模糊定向性（a小于35%且σ大于4）、定向性杂乱（a小于35%且σ小于4）。并对研究区典型季节性辫状河道和暂时性辫状河道的定向性进行了实测,结果表明季节性辫状河道中σ为4.8~8.13,a为40%~62%,而暂时性辫状河道中σ小于4,a小于35%。该方法能够有效表征砾石定向性,并为沉积环境判断提供依据。     

鄂尔多斯盆地中部马五7亚段颗粒滩沉积特征及空间分布

鄂尔多斯盆地中部马家沟组地层蕴含丰富的油气资源,以马五₇亚段为主要储集层位的盐下碳酸盐岩油气勘探近期取得了重要突破。基于钻井、测录井、岩芯及薄片等资料,对盆地中部马五₇亚段颗粒滩沉积特征、纵横向展布规律进行综合分析,进而探讨了研究区沉积古地理格局及其颗粒滩发育控制因素。结果表明:研究区马五₇亚段主要由晶粒白云岩及各类型颗粒白云岩构成,纵向上发育潟湖-颗粒滩-灰泥丘-台坪、潟湖-颗粒滩-滩间海-颗粒滩、潟湖-颗粒滩-灰泥丘三种沉积相序,颗粒滩位于向上变浅旋回的中上部,且常与微生物丘构成丘滩复合体建造,具有良好的储集意义。横向上,马五₇亚段发育两套较大规模的颗粒滩,层位稳定且连续性较好,整体表现为中西部厚而东部较薄的特征,平面上则呈南北向发育并沿东部凹陷环带状分布。研究区沉积规律表明马五₇亚段相对缺乏潮坪相沉积特征,推测其沉积环境更符合局限-蒸发台地。沉积期海平面的频繁变化控制了滩体发育规模及其垂向叠置样式,区内西高东底的古构造格局及其内部的微地貌起伏则决定了马五₇颗粒滩平面分布的差异性。