COVID-19疫情期间全球空气质量变化:臭氧响应的区域间差异

疫情期间全球各地一次排放大幅削减,而臭氧等二次污染的响应则存在着区域间差异.结合地面和卫星观测发现,同在氮氧化物大幅下降的情况下,臭氧在东亚和欧洲呈现出可达14ppb的上升信号,而北美则下降为主(约2-4ppb).我们结合气象分析和臭氧敏感性进一步讨论了臭氧响应差异性的原因,一方面受臭氧与前体物间关系的影响;另一方面来...     

土岩爆破中岩体和坑道爆破破坏分区的试验研究

本文根据声波法、地震法、钻孔电视、质点振动加速度、速度和爆后破坏现象宏观调查等现场实验数据和资料,并参照室内试验结果,研究了土岩爆破中岩体和坑道的爆破破坏效应及其分区、并将岩体、垂直坑道与平行坑道的爆破破坏分区作了对比。     

中国火山岩地区金的成矿环境及分布规律

中国是一个火山岩广泛分布的国家，火山岩区的金矿不论其数量和储量在全国均占有重要地位，根据金和火山活动的关系，可划分出６种金矿类型，它们主要分布在６个火山岩区中，不同地区金的成矿作用各有其特色，总体可概括出７条成矿特征，这对于在我国广阔的火山岩区寻找金矿具有重要的指导意义。     

GNSS授时原理及其精度分析

地震仪授时的准确程度直接影响地震定位能力。目前地震仪均采用卫星定位导航系统进行卫星授时。地震仪中的授时模块易受射频干扰,进而导致地震仪授时不准。研究认为高频元件、电源模块、线路设计及地线部署是产生射频干扰的主要原因。本文在实验的基础上发现,增设隔离板、替换元件、优化线路设计及调整地线部署可以稳定地降低地震仪系统对授时模块的电磁干扰,所用技术可应用于提升地震仪的授时准确度。     

条带开采煤柱稳定性的试验模拟与数值分析——以山东省济宁市太平煤矿为例

以山东省济宁市太平煤矿为例，采用煤柱模拟试验和数值分析手段，对薄基岩条带开采时所留设煤柱的应力应变状态、煤柱强度结构及煤柱长期稳定性进行了深入的分析与研究，揭示了煤柱稳定性及煤柱应力分布与条采尺寸、采出率、覆岩特征的相互关系，进行了条带煤柱的稳定性评价，为工程实践提供了理论依据。     

渤海的潮波系统及其变迁

采用二维非线性潮波微分方程对渤海M_2、S_2、K_1、O_1四个分潮进行数值模拟,得出四个分潮的潮波图,椭圆长短轴图,同潮流时图以及潮汐、潮流性质图和S_2与M_2、K_1与O_1的迟角差图。依此可以系统地了解渤海潮波系统的分布变化规律。依据30～40年代测得的渤海海图以及假设数十年后渤海的岸形对渤海进行数值模拟,从而了解过去和现在渤海潮波的变化情况,以及对未来潮波的变化作出判断。计算表明,从30年代到70年代以来,渤海南部的半日分潮波发生了很大的变化,而日分潮的潮波变化较小。     

Effect of catchment properties on runoff coefficient in a karst area of southwest China

Frequent human activities and climate change in the karst region of southwest China since the 1950s have led to the investigation of response of runoff to climate and catchment properties. Runoff coefficient (Rc) as an expression variable of the catchment response to rainfall is important to describe runoff dynamics and to estimate available streamflow for utilization. In this study, the equations of Rc associated with its attributors of climate condition and catchment property were derived using the Budyko framework. The equations were used to estimate relationship between the Rc and the attributors in the karst catchments in Guizhou province of southwest China. Analysis in the selected 23 karst catchments demonstrates that the spatial distribution of Rc is dominated by the catchment properties, such as the catchment properties of geology, slope and land use and land cover, rather than climate condition of drought index. Correlation analysis indicates that the catchment with a large slope usually has a high value of Rc, and a large proportion of carbonate rock in a catchment reduces Rc in the study area. Temporal increasing trend of Rc during 1961–2000 was found for most catchments in the study area. This increasing trend was primarily resulted from changes of catchment properties, e.g. deforestation in large areas of Guizhou province during the 1950s–1980s. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

采煤塌陷地水域淹没范围模拟分析

采煤塌陷改变了矿区周边的地形地貌特征,使大量的耕地、园地变成水域。选择山东省龙口采煤塌陷区为研究对象,运用ArcGIS软件采集五期1:1万等高线和离散高程点数据,生成1×1 m2正方形网格的数字地面模型(DEM),以地表没有发生塌陷前的1978年DEM为标准高程数据,与其他各期DEM数据进行差值运算处理,得到不同时期采煤塌陷区面积。然后根据水利部门48年来的观测数据,计算出采煤塌陷区不同频率年份丰水期水文特征值,采用"无源淹没"分析法,计算给定水位条件下的采煤塌陷区水域淹没范围。     

713天气雷达数字化系统

本文介绍了用IBM-PC/XT(AT)实现的天气雷达数字化系统的众多功能,分析了系统的工作原理。对于几个关键的技术问题——高速数据录取、软件数字视频积分、地物杂波抑制、座标变换及图象传输,分别给出了解决的方法和详尽的程序方框图。     

Geochemistry of Alkaline—Ultrabasic Rocks in the Jijie Complex,Lufeng,Yunnan

is paper is concerned with the geochemical features of major elements,transition metal elements,large ion lithophile elements,rare-earth elements and Sr isotopes in alkaline-ul-trabasic rocks in the Jijie complex of Lufeng,Yunnan Province,which is located in southern Sichuan-Yunnan rift zone,one of Luoci alkaline-ultrabasic complexes in central Ynnnan,Moreover,its origin pertaining primary magma,magma soure region,fractional crystallization,etc.are also discussed in the present paper.