Convection-permitting regional climate simulation of warm-season precipitation over Eastern China

Climate Dynamics - Convection-permitting regional climate models have been shown to improve precipitation simulation in many aspects, such as the diurnal cycle, precipitation frequency, intensity...     

Duplex equilibria of Ural circulation anomalies

Atmospheric circulation anomalies over the Ural Mountains are crucial indicators of the anomalous downstream weather and climate over East Asia. Here, we provide a new perspective on the mechanism of Ural circulation anomalies. We use a simple theoretical model to determine that the relationship between the solar forcing and three Ural circulation patterns, namely, neutral type, trough anomaly and ridge anomaly, is a nonlinear relationship following the supercritical pitchfork bifurcation theory. The theory predicts that when the total solar irradiance (TSI) is below a critical value, trough and ridge anomalies represent duplex equilibria and are equally likely to occur at the same TSI. Based on 180 winter months record, we have estimated the bidimensional probability density of TSI and the monthly mean geopotential height at 500 hPa or zonal wind at 850 hPa over the Ural Mountains. Results show that Sc = 1360.9 W m−2 is a critical value of TSI, the neutral type pattern is the single circulation regime when TSI > Sc, whereas trough and ridge anomaly patterns are duplex circulation regimes when TSI < Sc. Besides, when TSI < Sc, during the same TSI range, trough and ridge anomaly events occur at nearly the same frequencies. These results generally agree with the theoretical model. We demonstrate that trough and ridge anomalies, as duplex equilibria, result from the large-scale zonal flow interacting with the Ural Mountains. Low TSI tends to strengthen the large-scale zonal flow over the Ural Mountains, hence inducing either a trough anomaly or ridge anomaly.     

A new DRP-4DVar-based coupled data assimilation system for decadal predictions using a fast online localization technique

Climate Dynamics - A new coupled data assimilation (CDA) system based on dimension-reduced projection four-dimensional variational data assimilation (DRP-4DVar) for decadal predictions is developed...     

Improved methods for estimating equilibrium climate sensitivity from transient warming simulations

Climate Dynamics - Equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) refers to the total global warming caused by an instantaneous doubling of atmospheric CO2 from the pre-industrial level in a climate system....     

Stratospheric radiative feedback limited by the tropospheric influence in global warming

Whether the stratospheric radiative feedback amplifies the global warming remains under debate. The stratospheric water vapor (SWV), one of the primary feedbacks in the stratosphere, is argued to be an important contributor to the global warming. On the other hand, the overall stratospheric feedback, which consists of both the SWV feedback and the stratospheric temperature (ST) feedback, does not amount to a significant value. The key to reconciling these seemingly contradictory arguments is to understand the ST change. Here, we develop a method to decompose the ST change and to quantify the decomposed feedbacks. We find that the SWV feedback, which consists of a 0.04 W m⁻² K⁻¹ direct impact on the top-of-the-atmosphere radiation and 0.11 W m⁻² K⁻¹ indirect impact via ST cooling, is offset by a negative ST feedback of − 0.13 W m⁻² K⁻¹ that is radiatively driven by the tropospheric warming. This compensation results in an insignificant overall stratospheric feedback.

     

利用气温与云顶亮温差值检测云方法研究

利用2005年7-12月卫星资料、地面观测资料、探空资料和地形资料,统计分析了无云条件下气温与云顶亮温的差值,结果表明：无云情况下气温与云顶亮温差值平均为5.04℃,且具有较大的日变化性。由此提出了按时次分别求取阈值用以检测云。通过个例对比分析,初步得出该方法检测云具有以下特点：可用于全天候云检测;不受地形地貌等因素的影响;该云检测方法应用于反演计算,不仅反演的中、高云区域与实测的比较一致,而且反演的低云区域与实测结果也比较一致。     

基于MODIS-EVI数据的神农架林区植被指数变化特征研究

对植被覆盖动态变化监测可以提供生态系统状况有价值的信息,可以检测到人类或气候作用引起的变化.以2003-2012年MODIS的遥感数据为信息源,利用增强型植被指数(EVI),采用最大值合成法,对神农架林区植被覆盖动态变化进行监测,并与同期的气候因子进行相关性分析,结果表明:10 a来神农架林区植被覆盖整体呈增加趋势,且东部地区的EVI增幅大于西部增幅,特别是近5 a(2008-2012年),除2010年外,植被指数均为正距平.说明神农架林区近5 a来植被生长状况较好,生态环境得到了进一步改善.与气候因子进行相关性分析说明,气温是制约神农架植被生长的主要气候因子,而降水和日照是影响该地区植被生长的重要气候因子.     

2012年桂西北一次地面人工增雨作业天气条件的分析和捕捉

以百色市田林县一次降雨过程的人工增雨作业天气和作业实况作为研究对象,对相应天气形势和物理量场进行剖析并对增雨效果进行检验。得出:在短波槽、切变线和弱冷空气为主的中低层天气系统影响下,低层水汽充足,上升运动的加剧及弱冷空气的入侵可激发降雨的产生;在降雨初期对液水含量大,冰晶含量偏低的冷云及时进行人工催化作业,可收到明显的增雨效果。     

红壤旱地棉田间作小气候效应初步研究

为研究棉田间作对田间小气候的影响,共设置4个处理:棉花单作、棉花间作花生、棉花间作甘薯、棉花间作大豆,研究不同间作棉田群体对不同层次的光强、土壤温度以及棉花农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明,与棉花单作系统相比,间作系统可通过改变受光结构、土壤温度、土壤含水量等促进棉花生长发育,利于棉花种植获得高产;棉花间作大豆模式是较适宜在红壤旱地推广的间作模式。     

Preliminary Calibration of GPS Signals and Its Effects on Soil Moisture Estimation

In recent years, Global Navigation Satellite Systems Reflectometry (GNSS-R) is developed to estimate soil moisture content (SMC) as a new remote sensing tool. Signal error of Global Positioning System (GPS) bistatic radar is an important factor that affects the accuracy of SMC estimation. In this paper, two methods of GPS signal calibration involving both the direct and reflected signals are introduced, and a detailed explanation of the theoretical basis for such methods is given. An improved SMC estimation model utilizing calibrated GPS L-band signals is proposed, and the estimation accuracy is validated using the airborne GPS data from the Soil Moisture Experiment in 2002 (SMEX02). We choose 21 sites with soybean and corn in the Walnut Creek region of the US for validation. The sites are divided into three categories according to their vegetation cover: bare soil, mid-vegetation cover (Mid-Veg), and high-vegetation cover (High-Veg). The accuracy of SMC estimation is 11.17% for bare soil and 8.12% for Mid-Veg sites, much better than that of the traditional model. For High-Veg sites, the effect of signal attenuation due to vegetation cover is preliminarily taken into consideration and a linear model related to Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVI) is adopted to obtain a factor for rectifying the "over-calibration", and the error for High-Veg sites is finally reduced to 3.81%.