Jason-2高度计电离层GIM误差分析及修正研究

基于Jason-2高度计2015年地球物理数据集(GDR)38个周期太平洋海域的全球电离层图(GIM)电离层校正值和双频校正值的数据,分不同季度和不同纬度区域比较二者的差异,结果表明:GIM值与双频校正值之间存在明显的差异,GIM校正值普遍高于双频校正值,说明GIM高估了电离层路径延迟,GIM校正值与双频校正值的差异与季节和纬度区间有关。用梯度下降法得到GIM值的修正方程,将修正方程应用于2016年Jason-2的全年数据,修正后的GIM值与双频校正值十分接近,在各年份中均具有良好的适用性。在单频高度计不能使用电离层双频校正算法的情况下,可以利用不同季度和不同纬度区域的修正方程对同等高度的高度计GIM值进行修正以达到双频校正值的精度水平。     

中国物理海洋学研究70年:发展历程、学术成就概览

本文概略评述新中国成立70年来物理海洋学各分支研究领域的发展历程和若干学术成就。中国物理海洋学研究起步于海浪、潮汐、近海环流与水团,以及以风暴潮为主的海洋气象灾害的研究。随着国力的增强,研究领域不断拓展,涌现了大量具有广泛影响力的研究成果,其中包括:提出了被国际广泛采用的“普遍风浪谱”和“涌浪谱”,发展了第三代海浪数值模式;提出了“准调和分析方法”和“潮汐潮流永久预报”等潮汐潮流的分析和预报方法;发现并命名了“棉兰老潜流”,揭示了东海黑潮的多核结构及其多尺度变异机理等,系统描述了太平洋西边界流系;提出了印度尼西亚贯穿流的南海分支(或称南海贯穿流);不断完善了中国近海陆架环流系统,在南海环流、黑潮及其分支、台湾暖流、闽浙沿岸流、黄海冷水团环流、黄海暖流、渤海环流,以及陆架波方面均取得了深刻的认识;从大气桥和海洋桥两个方面对太平洋–印度洋–大西洋洋际相互作用进行了系统的总结;发展了浅海水团的研究方法,基本摸清了中国近海水团的分布和消长特征与机制,在大洋和极地水团分布及运动研究方面也做出了重要贡献;阐明了南海中尺度涡的宏观特征和生成机制,揭示了中尺度涡的三维结构,定量评估了其全球物质与能量输运能力;基本摸清了中国近海海洋锋的空间分布和季节变化特征,提出了地形、正压不稳定和斜压不稳定等锋面动力学机制;构建了“南海内波潜标观测网”,实现了对内波生成–演变–消亡全过程机理的系统认识;发展了湍流的剪切不稳定理论,提出了海流“边缘不稳定”的概念,开发了海洋湍流模式,提出了湍流混合参数化的新方法等;在海洋内部混合机制和能量来源方面取得了新的认识,并阐述了混合对海洋深层环流、营养物质输运等过程的影响;研发了全球浪–潮–流耦合模式,推出一系列海洋与气候模式;发展了可同化主要海洋观测数据的海洋数据同化系统和用于ENSO预报的耦合同化系统;建立了达到国际水准的非地转(水槽/水池)和地转(旋转平台)物理模 型实验平台;发展了ENSO预报的误差分析方法,建立了海洋和气候系统年代际变化的理论体系,揭示了中深层海洋对全球气候变化的响应;初步建成了中国近海海洋观测网;持续开展南北极调查研究;建立了台风、风暴潮、巨浪和海啸的业务化预报系统,为中国气象减灾提供保障;突破了国外的海洋技术封锁,研发了万米水深的深水水听器和海洋光学特性系列测量仪器;建立了溢油、危险化学品漂移扩散等预测模型,为伴随海洋资源开发所带来的风险事故的应急处理和预警预报提供科学支撑。文中引用的大量学术成果文献(每位第一作者优选不超过3篇)显示,经过70年的发展,中国物理海洋学研究培养了一支实力雄厚的科研队伍,这是最宝贵的成果。这支队伍必将成为中国物理海洋学研究攀登新高峰的主力军。     

我国瓯江口和珠江口凤鲚洄游模式和生境利用研究

Habitat use of the tapertail anchovy(Coilia mystus Linnaeus, 1758) from the Oujiang River Estuary and the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Estuary was studied by examining the environmental signatures of Sr and Ca in otoliths using electron probe microanalysis. Individuals from the Oujiang River had higher and varied Sr:Ca ratios(expressed as(Sr:Ca)×1 000, 3.83–13.0 average) in the otolith core regions, suggesting that they were born in brackish or sea waters, and that a freshwater habitat might not be necessary for egg hatching and larval growth.While, individuals from the Zhujiang River had lower Sr:Ca ratios(0.39–2.51 average) in the core regions,suggesting a freshwater origin. After hatching, anchovies from the Zhujiang River migrate downstream to the river estuary close to brackish water. Our results demonstrated varied habitat use for spawning during stages of early life history between the two populations, and suggested that such variations are promoting diversity of life history strategies of this species.     

Examination of Extraordinary Transmission of Waves Propagation through Gaps of Vertical Thin Barriers in Channels by A Hypersingular Boundary Element Method

The extraordinary transmission(ET) phenomenon is examined for waves propagating through gaps of vertical thin barriers in channels with a hypersingular boundary element method model on the linear potential theory, and an estimate formula based on small gap approximation for predicting the number of ET frequencies is proposed.Numerical computations are carried out to examine the influences of barrier number, barrier interval, gap size, gap position and barrier arrangement on extraordinary transmission and wave height in the channel. It shows that all of those factors evidently affect the extraordinary transmission frequencies. The contours of wave amplitude show that very high waves can be excited in the basins between barriers at the extraordinary transmission frequencies. Proper arrangement of barriers in a channel can avoid the occurrence of ET phenomenon and reduce wave height in the channel.     

Isolation and characterization of 49 polymorphic microsatellite loci for Decapterus maruadsi using SLAF-seq,and cross-amplification to related species

Decapterus maruadsi is a commercially important species in China, but has been heavily exploited in some areas. There is a growing need to develop microsatellites promoting its genetic research for the adequate management of this fishery resources. The recently developed specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) is an efficient and high-resolution method for genome-wide microsatellite markers discovery. In this study, 28 905 microsatellites (mono- to hexa-nucleotide repeats) were identified using SLAF-seq technology, of which di-nucleotide was the most frequent (13 590, 47.02%), followed by mono-nucleotide (8 138, 28.15%), tri-nucleotide (5 727, 19.81%), tetra-nucleotide (1 104, 3.82%), pentanucleotide (234, 0.81%), and hexa-nucleotide (112, 0.39%). One hundred and thirty-two microsatellite loci (di- and tri-nucleotide) were randomly selected for amplification and polymorphism, of which 49 were highly polymorphic and well-resolved. The average number of alleles per locus was 13.63, ranging from 4 to 25, and allele sizes varied between 110 bp and 309 bp. The observed heterozygosity ( H_o ) and expected heterozygosity ( H_e ) ranged from 0.233 to 1.000 and from 0.374 to 0.959, with mean values of 0.738 and 0.836, respectively. The polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.341 to 0.941 (mean=0.806). However, 12 loci deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Furthermore, transferability tests were also successful in validating the utility of the developed markers in five phylogenetically related species of family Carangidae. A total of 48 microsatellite markers were successfully cross-amplified in Decapterus macarellus, Decapterus macrosoma, Decapterus kurroides, Trachurus japonicus, and Selaroides leptolepis. The present microsatellites provided the first known set of microsatellite DNA markers for D. maruadsi, D. macarellus, D. kurroides, and D. macrosoma, and would be useful for further population genetic and molecular phylogeny studies as well as help with the fisheries management formulation and implementation of the understudied species.

     

地方依恋对城市居民社区参与的影响研究 ——以广州为例

基于2015年广州市1 273份居民问卷调查和半结构性访谈数据,结合逐步LPM回归和中介效应模型,探讨地方依恋和社区参与两者关系中存在的中介效应及其传导机制,并系统对比本地居民与外来移民之间的差异。研究发现：① 社区居民的地方依恋能够直接提升其社区参与期望;② 社区参与行为作为一个中介变量,在地方依恋对社区参与期望的影响中发挥中介效应;③ 对比本地居民,外来移民的社区参与行为和期望程度相对较低;④ 外来移民的社区参与行为对其社区参与期望影响的中介效应相对较弱。揭示了中国城市居民社区参与中存在户籍制度壁垒,需要进一步通过社区公共服务均等化措施,提升居民尤其是外来移民的获得感、幸福感和安全感。     

应用Hydrolight模式研究含油水体辐射传输特性的关键技术

辐射传输模式Hydrolight在国际水色遥感研究领域已被广泛用于解决水体光学的各种问题,也是进行石油类污染水体辐射传输特性研究的有效模型。结合Hydrolight模式的机理、应用现状及含油水体的特点,提出了将该模式应用于光学特性复杂的石油污染水体辐射传输特性研究时需要解决的关键技术,包括测定石油污染水体吸收系数和散射系数、建立石油污染吸收和散射特性随波长和深度变化的参数化模型、确定油物质的吸附后悬浮颗粒物体散射函数模型等方面。依据2018年8月和2016年8月分别在辽宁大连港和辽宁盘锦辽河油田等区域测定的含油水体数据,讨论了这些关键技术的解决方案。     

海洋产业结构调整对海洋经济影响的实证分析

海洋经济是新一轮大国之间的经济较量,许多西方发达国家已经在海洋经济上遥遥领先。通过观察美国、英国等海洋大国发现,沿海国家均有一个统一的发展路径:产业结构的有效调整保证了海洋经济的高速发展。产业结构调整分为产业结构合理化和高级化两个方面,故文章将从"两化"视角来衡量我国海洋产业结构的调整情况,利用Eviews 8.0软件对2005—2015年我国海洋产业结构"两化"与海洋经济增长之间进行平稳性检验、协整检验及最小二乘法回归。由协整方程可知,海洋产业结构合理化和高级化每增长1%,会分别带动海洋经济上涨1.87%和2.96%;再由最小二乘法回归系数的方向性可知:海洋产业结构合理化、高级化会促进海洋经济的增长。根据研究结果进行分析可知,我国未来海洋产业结构调整的重点是海洋第二产业,对其未来发展提出3点建议,即基层和高端人才的培养、水产品精加工和生物医药的优先发展以及法律制度软环境的构造。     

FY-3D and FY-3C onboard observations for differential code biases estimation

GPS Solutions - As parameter estimation and statistical testing are often intimately linked in the processing of observational data, the uncertainties involved in both estimation and testing need...     

基于Skyline的无人机影像三维场景搭建及功能实现

根据多源数据融合理论,基于Skyline的组件将现有摄影测量软件生成的模型与3DS MAX软件建立的单体模型进行融合,构建出兼顾美观与空间分析需求的三维场景模型。为了实现三维场景模型的场景展示和空间分析功能,基于三维GIS开发平台Skyline进行了三维地理信息软件的二次开发。实验结果表明,该系统有效解决了现有三维建模过程中存在的问题,实现了从场景建模到空间分析再到结果展示的一体化处理体系。