“蒸发悖论”在黑河流域的探讨

利用黑河流域12个气象站点1960-2010年的气象资料,运用FAO Penman-Monteith模型计算潜在蒸散量,采用旋转经验正交函数、Mann-Kendall检验等方法系统分析了过去51 a间潜在蒸散量及气温的变化趋势,重点对"蒸发悖论"在黑河流域的规律进行分析.结果表明:根据潜在蒸散量的旋转经验正交函数分区结果,黑河流域可以划分为4个子区."蒸发悖论"仅于1960-1993年存在于黑河流域河西走廊区(Ⅱ区、Ⅲ区);其它各区无"蒸发悖论".1994-2010年由于潜在蒸散量的显著上升,河西走廊区"蒸发悖论"消失.1993年是黑河流域潜在蒸散量变化趋势的一个转折点,1994-2010年黑河流域的潜在蒸散量表现为统计显著的上升趋势.风速的变化是影响黑河流域河西走廊区"蒸发悖论"出现和消失的重要因素.     

含泥化夹层反倾岩质边坡动力响应的大型振动台试验

针对含泥化夹层反倾岩质边坡制作相似比为1∶30的试验模型进行大型振动台试验,研究泥化夹层饱水前(天然含水状态)和饱水状态下边坡的加速度和位移响应规律,探讨边坡的破坏模式。试验结果表明:泥化夹层饱水后坡面水平向加速度放大系数小于饱水前;泥化夹层饱水前和饱水后随着相对高度的增加,坡面水平向加速度放大系数呈现非线性增加的趋势,其整体上大于坡体内部的加速度放大系数;坡面位移从下至上在泥化夹层饱水前,呈现出非线性增长特性;饱水后位移呈先增大后减小,临近坡肩处坡面最大,坡面呈现鼓出形态。泥化夹层饱水前,在幅值为0.3g的地震波作用下坡体仅出现坡肩局部掉块;饱水后,输入地震动幅值≥0.4g时,坡体先出现坡肩的局部掉块,随后坡体沿中上部的饱和泥化夹层滑动剪出,与此同时,坡体中上部出现纵向裂隙并与水平裂隙贯通,坡顶被震碎。     

利用多分类器自适应级联模型的高分二号影像分类

针对传统单一分类器分类效果不够理想,存在各自的不足,以及已有的多分类器级联模型不能根据待识别样本特征进行动态调整优化等问题,提出了一种基于多分类器自适应级联模型的遥感影像分类方法。该模型选取各类别最优分类器进行级联组合,以待识别样本在整体性能最优分类器的表现对类别最优分类器作出自适应调整,对高分辨率影像分割后的像斑对象输出类别信息。以杭州区域高分二号遥感影像进行分类试验,结果表明,本文方法相比于单一分类器及已有的级联模型具有更高的分类精度。     

渤海莱州湾晚第四纪底栖有孔虫分布特征及其地质意义

通过对渤海莱州湾GK138、GK111及GK95孔的255个沉积物样品中的有孔虫定量统计分析,共鉴定出底栖有孔虫15属32种。根据底栖有孔虫的丰度和分异度等分布特征和AMS14C和光释光（OSL）测年结果,揭示晚第四纪以来研究区共发育3套海相地层,分别是中更新世晚期的第三海相层、晚更新世的第二海相层和全新世的第一海相层,通过与全球海面变化曲线对比,发现其与MIS7、MIS5和MIS1阶段的高海面有良好的对应关系。样品的Q型聚类及主成分分析划分出3组代表不同沉积环境的有孔虫化石组合,第III化石组合带为中更新世晚期海侵的产物,为河口-滨岸浅海环境。第Ⅱ化石组合为晚更新世海侵的产物,为潮间带-潮下带沉积环境,第I化石组合带为潮上带-潮间带沉积环境。海相地层顶、底板高程和厚度的分析结果显示中更新世晚期至晚更新世期间发生过不同期次、不同强度的构造活动,而进入全新世以后构造活动相对减弱。     

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷大油（气）区形成条件与勘探方向研究

准噶尔盆地西北缘玛湖凹陷是全球著名的湖相富烃凹陷,最新勘探成果展示出大油(气)区特征。为及时总结,丰富发展当代中国特色叠合盆地油气地质理论与勘探实践,本文主要分析了这一大油(气)区的基本形成条件与勘探领域。结果表明,玛湖凹陷大油(气)区得以形成主要缘于三大有利基础条件:前陆碱湖优质高效烃源岩、立体输导体系、三类规模有效储层与储盖组合,由此造就油气在充足的烃源条件下,沿立体的输导体系,被三套区域性盖层有效封盖,向着三类规模有效储层,在有利圈闭中运聚成藏,因此油气富集规律可归纳为"源-输控烃、储-盖控藏"。相应,按目的层和圈闭类型形成了三大有利油气成藏领域,由浅至深依次为三叠系下统百口泉组岩性油(气)藏群、二叠系下统风城组致密油、石炭系—下二叠统大构造油气藏群。玛湖凹陷大油(气)区的勘探突破缘于勘探理念创新,具有巨大勘探潜力和基础科学研究意义。     

Tectonics,magmatism, and mineralization of Circum–Balkash–Junggar area in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt

ABSTRACT

The Circum–Balkhash–Junggar area, including mostly Kazakhstan, NW China, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Mongolia, occupies an important tectonic position of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) (Figure 1). Tectonically, this vast area records the complicated geodynamic processes, among which the most prominent stages are the formation of the U-shaped Kazakhstan Orocline and its interactions with adjacent Altai (Altay), Junggar (West Junggar, Junggar Basin, and East Junggar), and Tianshan orogenic collages in the Palaeozoic, bearing large-scale mineral deposits. The formation of the Late Palaeozoic mineral deposits is related to the tectonic evolution of the Devonian and Carboniferous–Permian volcano-magmatic arcs in the region. However, the link between the metallogeny and the evolution of the volcano-magmatic arcs is not well understood and existing geodynamic models have not explained satisfactorily the mechanism of the huge metallogenic belt. Therefore, this special issue focuses on the formation of the Late Palaeozoic porphyry Cu deposits and their link to the tectonic evolution of the Devonian and Carboniferous–Permian volcano-magmatic arcs with emphasis on comparative studies across the international borders.     

Early Cretaceous porphyry copper mineralization in Northeast China: the Changfagou example

The Changfagou Cu deposit is a newly discovered porphyry deposit located in the southern Jilin Province of Northeastern China, on the northeastern margin of the North China Craton. To better understand the formation of the Cu deposit, we report the zircon U–Pb and molybdenite Re–Os dating, and Sr-, Nd-, and Hf- isotopic data of the granite porphyry. LA-ICP-MS dating of zircon grains from two mineral zones in the granite porphyry yield ages of 115.7 ± 0.8 and 115.3 ± 0.6 Ma, which is interpreted as the emplacement age of the granite porphyry. The molybdenite Re–Os model ages of 112.5 to 113.8 Ma, an isochron age of 113.3 ± 1.3 Ma, and a weighted mean model age of 113.0 ± 0.7 Ma, which represents the age of the Cu mineralization quite well. The Changfagou granite porphyry samples lack amphibole and muscovite, and are compositionally characterized by high SiO₂, high Na₂O+K₂O, and low P₂O₅, enriched in some Rb, Th, U, and Pb, and depleted in Nb, Ta, Ti, P, and Eu. Mineralogical and geochemical features suggest that the Changfagou granite porphyry samples are slightly peraluminous and are of highly fractionated I-type granitoids. The granitic rocks also have relatively high (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i (0.71199 to 0. 71422), and both low εNd(t) (?14.56 to ?13.19) and εHf(t) values (?14.916 to ?8.644), which suggest that Changfagou granite porphyry are derived from mixed sources of crustal and mantle, and diagenesis and mineralization were possibly related to the switch in subduction direction of the Palaeo-Pacific Plate in the late phase of Early Cretaceous.     

皖南花山锑金矿床硫化物电子探针分析及其指示意义

花山锑金矿床位于皖南东至县境内, 是皖南地区代表性金-多金属矿床之一。 本次工作对花山锑金矿床开展了野外地质、岩相学特征观察以及金属硫化物电子探针分析, 得到以下结论：1） 花山锑金矿床主要成矿阶段可分为毒砂-黄铁矿（PyⅠ）阶段、黄铜矿-黄铁矿 （PyⅡ）阶段和方解石-辉锑矿阶段。 2） 金在不同阶段硫化物中均有赋存, 其矿化伴随整个热液成矿过程, 且以毒砂-PyⅠ阶段和黄铜矿-PyⅡ阶段为主。 毒砂-PyⅠ阶段和黄铜矿-PyⅡ阶段发育金矿化, 无锑矿化, 方解石-辉锑矿阶段发育锑、金共生矿化。 3） 早阶段即毒砂 -PyⅠ阶段和黄铜矿-PyⅡ阶段载金矿物为黄铁矿、毒砂及黄铜矿, 成矿物质来源以地层为 主;晚阶段即方解石-辉锑矿阶段载金矿物为辉锑矿, 成矿物质来源以燕山期岩浆岩为主。 本次工作对东至及皖南地区金矿床的寻找勘探具有重要的指示意义。     

Geology and Lead–Sulphur Isotope Compositions of the Tongyu Volcanic-Hosted Massive Sulphide Copper Deposit in the Western Part of the North Qinling Orogen, China

The Tongyu copper deposit, located in the western part of the North Qinling Orogen, China, is one of several volcanic-hosted massive sulphide(VHMS) deposits with industrial value and is also a typical example of mineralization related to the subduction and metallogenesis during the Caledonian orogeny. We conducted systematic lead-sulphur isotope geochemical analyses of the Tongyu deposit to understand the possible ore-forming material sources and tectonic settings. Twenty-six sulphide samples yielded clustered δ~(34)S_(CDT) values of 1.13‰-3.36‰, average 2.22‰, and show a tower-type distribution,implying that the sulphur of the Tongyu copper deposit mainly originated from a mantle source. The Pb isotope compositions of sulphides(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb = 17.59225-18.56354, average 18.32020; ~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb =15.51770-15.69381, average 15.66217; ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb= 37.99969-39.06953, average 38.52722) are close to the values of the volcanic host rocks(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb= 18.10678-18.26293, average 18.21158; ~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb =15.63196-15.68188, average 15.65345; ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb= 38.43676-38.56360, average 38.49171), thus consistent with the Pb in ores and volcanic host rocks having been derived from a common source that was island-arc Pb related to oceanic crust subduction. The northward subduction of the Palaeo-Qinling oceanic crust triggered dehydration of the slab, which generated a large amount of high-oxygen-fugacity aqueous hydrothermal fluid. The fluid rose into the mantle wedge, activated and extracted metallogenic material and promoted partial melting of the mantle wedge. The magma and ore-forming fluid welled up and precipitated, finally forming the Tongyu VHMS copper deposit.     

Evolution of the Late Triassic Paleo-uplift in the Southwestern Upper Yangtze Region and its Tectonic SignificanceEI北大核心CSCD

Based on field geological survey and stratigraphic analysis, a Late Triassic Paleo-uplift is identified in the southwestern upper Yangtze region. The tectonic features, evolution history and tectonic significance of this paleo-uplift are discussed in detail in this paper. The results suggest that the hiatus of the Upper Triassic in the southwestern upper Yangtze region was resulted from the paleo-uplift that roughly parallel to the southwest margin of the upper Yangtze region. The formation of the paleo-uplift is related to the closure of the Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan-Songma-Babu and Ganzi-Litang Oceans and their subsequent collisional orogenesis along the southwest margin of the upper Yangtze region. The forebulges of the Youjiang and Chuxiong Foreland Basins were formed by the closure of the Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan-Songma-Babu Ocean, comprising the paleo-uplift at the end of the Early Triassic. Then the forebulge of the Xichang Foreland Basin was developed by the closure of the Ganzi-Litang Ocean in the Norian, and became a new part of the paleo-uplift. Owing to the termination of the Youjiang Foreland Basin at the end of the Rhaetian, the paleo-uplift was composed only of the forebulges of the Chuxiong and Xichang Foreland Basins. The discovery of the paleo-uplift will help us to better understand the prototype of the Sichuan Basin and the tectonic evolution of the southwestern upper Yangtze region during the Late Triassic. © 2017, Science Press. All right reserved.