水文网络模型在分布式流域水文模拟中的应用

水文网络模型是地理信息系统对流域实际河网水系的一种规范化描述,它采用拓扑关系来确定流域水流的空间聚合与分散。准确地描述水文网络对成功模拟流域水流的空间分布起着至关重要的作用。水文网络数据模型的关键在于如何表达水文网络的构成要素,以及如何建立要素间的拓扑关系。本文重点阐述了水文网络模型在分布式流域水文模拟中的应用。实例研究证明,采用水文网络模型来表达流域河网水系结构有助于准确地模拟流域上水流的空间与时间分布。     

Mechanical behavior of porous solid considering mesoscopic elastic buckling

In this work, the elastic buckling of porous solids was investigated using a lattice spring model (LSM). The capability of the LSM to solve elastic buckling problems was comprehensively verified by comparing well-established numerical and analytical solutions. Following this, the buckling of a porous solid was studied, in which two porous structures were considered, ie, the random porous model and the Voronoi porous model. The results reveal that both the porosity and the shape of the pores influence the elastic buckling bearing capacity of the porous solid. Finally, the mechanical responses of a porous solid with an extra high porosity (0.85) were numerically investigated. Our numerical results demonstrated that the nonlinear elastic response of the porous solid might come from its mesoscale elastic buckling. This work shows the ability and promise of using the LSM as a fundamental numerical tool for the deep investigation of the buckling mechanical behavior of porous solids.     

古盐湖卤水温度对钾盐沉积的控制作用探讨

古盐湖卤水的温度对钾盐沉积的控制作用的定量研究是钾盐成矿机理分析的重点和难点。本文分析和测试陕北盐盆奥陶系马家沟组、四川盆地三叠系嘉陵江组、云南兰坪-思茅盆地白垩系及老挝沙空那空盆地白垩系等八个含盐系的石盐岩中的流体包裹体,并利用均一温度计算了古盐湖的蒸发速率。若以老挝白垩纪时盐湖的蒸发速率为标准值100,陕北奥陶纪、四川三叠纪、云南白垩纪的蒸发速率标准值分别为54、68和90,而目前在老挝和云南白垩系都找到了一定规模的钾盐矿,因此高温(气温及水温)是盐湖成钾的有利条件,在卤水演化成钾的过程中可以起到重要的"催化"作用。     

用于水资源系统观测网空间布局优化设计的技术方法

论述了观测网空间优化设计的重要性和我国目前观测网点布设存在的问题,在综合国内外水资源科学研究状的基础上,介绍了目前用于观测网优化设计的几种技术方法,包括数据理论方法,克里格技术和信息熵方法,特别推荐基于信息熵与随机数学相结合而发展起来的优化设计方法,这种根据观测数据信息含量大小建立信息关系度量的技术手段,特别适合在基础数据不完整的情况下运用。     

Rare—Earth Element Geochemistry of Elogites from the Ultra—High Pressure Metamorphic Belt in Central China

Based on their REE contents and REE patterns,eclogites from the ultra-high pressure metamorphic belt in central China may be roughly divided into xis types including LREE-rich.LREE-rich positive Eu anomaly,LREE-rich negative Eu anomaly,REE pattern-smooth,MREE-rich and HREE-rich.The LREE_rich,LREE-rich positive Eu anomaly and LREE-rich negative Eu anomaly types of eclogites are dominant .REE types of eclogites in different areas can be compared and the REE feactures of the same REE type of eclogites in different areas are similar.The results of reconstruction of the primary rocks show that the primary rocks of eclogites possibly are dominated by continental tholeiites which are the product of partial melting of relatively fertile mantle and the rocks of tholeiite crystallization-differentiation.There is perfect evolution relationship among the primary rocks of the LREE-rich, LREE-rich positive Eu anomaly and LREE-rich negative Eu anomaly types of eclogites and among those of the REE pattern smooth and MREE-rich types of eclogites,the former three types were deried from continental settings and the latter two from nearly oceanic settings.Meanwhile,it is concluded that the mantle sources of primary rocks of the eclogites are inhomogeneous and the primary rocks of eclogites in this area appear to have undergone varying degree of crustal contamination.     

内蒙古阿巴嘎旗乌和尔楚鲁图钼矿区成矿斑岩的岩石地球化学特征与年代学

乌和尔楚鲁图钼矿床位于国内重要的二连东乌旗钼矿成矿带中,为近几年新发现的斑岩型钼矿床.本次就该矿床成矿岩体的地球化学及其U-Pb年代学开展相关研究.结果表明: 矿区中的成矿岩体属过铝质、高钾钙碱性系列;富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)、亏损高场强元素(HFSE),具有与南岭型花岗岩相似的地球化学特征.锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年显示,与乌和尔楚鲁图钼矿床成矿有关的花岗斑岩形成于中侏罗世((160 ± 1)Ma).因此,可推测乌和尔楚鲁图钼矿床斑岩型钼矿的成矿时代为燕山早期.综合研究认为乌和尔楚鲁图斑岩型钼矿床形成于后碰撞的构造环境.     

鄂西宁乡式铁矿分布层位岩相特征与成因探讨

鄂西宁乡式铁矿分布广、规模大,尤以普遍发育赤铁矿鲕粒而独具特色。并且它一般赋存于加里东运动后第一个海浸沉积序列中由碎屑岩向碳酸盐岩过渡的层位,岩相古地理环境有明显的控制作用。本文铁矿层中赤铁矿鲕粒类型之繁多,结构之复杂,安全可与碳酸盐鲕粒相提并论,其成因亦非常相似,均为强烈搅动环境中机械沉积的产物。经波浪和潮汐水流的再次搬运富集。最后定们于中等一弱动荡环境或相地低凹摈滨相上部。     

栖霞金矿矿物、流体和同位素特征及意义

栖霞金矿床伴生的黑钨矿是低温热液的产物。成矿流体的成分与典型的大气降水热液组分相类似,其δ１８Ｏ约为－３．６‰～４．５‰,δＤ约为－５６‰～－９５‰,变化范围较大,但这些氢、氧同位素值很好地反映了大气降水在不同温度和Ｗ／Ｒ比值条件下与胶东群变质岩交换后的分布特征,成矿作用以Ｗ／Ｒ比值较低为特点。金矿床的Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时线年龄为１２５．８×１０６ａ,与胶东群变质岩系和混合花岗岩的时差较大,矿化物质的Ｓｒ同位素初始比高达０．７１６８,大气降水深循环对流作用是形成栖霞金矿床的主要原因。     

Evaluation on Groundwater Resources of Medium Salinity in Tarim Basin and Development and Demonstration of Under-mulch-drip Irrigation Technology for Cotton

The groundwater of medium salinity refers to the groundwater with a mineralization degree of 2-7 g/L that can be directly or indirectly used for irrigation. This paper determined the distribution area of the groundwater with medium salinity in Tarim Basin, estimated the total amount of recharge resources and exploitable quantity of the groundwater of medium salinity. The irrigation water quality assessment was conducted on the groundwater of medium salinity by using multiple factors and methods. The salt tolerance parameters and irrigation water mineralization control parameters of the cotton in under-mulch-drip irrigation were determined. The under-mulch-drip irritation technology for cotton in groundwater of medium salinity was developed and applied successfully to the demonstration area. The social, economic and ecological effects of this technology as well as the application prospect were analysed. This paper also puts forward two questions that need to be further studied