Multiscale simulations of porous media flows in flow-based coordinate system

In this paper, we propose a multiscale technique for the simulation of porous media flows in a flow-based coordinate system. A flow-based coordinate system allows us to simplify the scale interaction and derive the upscaled equations for purely hyperbolic transport equations. We discuss the applications of the method to two-phase flows in heterogeneous porous media. For two-phase flow simulations, the use of a flow-based coordinate system requires limited global information, such as the solution of single-phase flow. Numerical results show that one can achieve accurate upscaling results using a flow-based coordinate system.     

21181综放工作面突水分析与治理

通过对21181综放工作面的突水特征与突水水质检测资料的分析,以及开采导水裂隙带高度的计算,得出了工作面突水原因——采煤后形成的导水裂隙带已波及到了上覆侏罗系上统巨厚砾岩含水层,通过运用合理的防治方案．为今后综放工作面预防水害打下了基础。     

河北省邯郸—邢台断裂晚更新世以来的活动特征

本文根据野外地质地貌调查,结合卫星影像解译和钻孔资料的分析认为,邯郸—邢台断裂是一条晚第四纪以来活动的断裂。根据断裂走向、活动时代及活动性质的变化,可将该断裂分为三段。临城—永年和永年—磁县段为全新世活动断裂,活动性质为右旋正断,晚更新世断裂的垂直滑动速率为0.25mm/a,全新世垂直滑动速率为0.47mm/a。磁县—安阳段为晚更新世时期活动断裂,活动性质为右旋正断,垂直运动速率为0.22mm/a,但全新世没有活动。     

Spatial variations of Pb,As, and Cu in surface snow along the transect from the Zhongshan Station to Dome A,East Antarctica

The spatial distributions of lead, arsenic, and copper(Pb, As, and Cu, respectively) in surface snow along the transect from the Zhongshan Station to Dome A, East Antarctica, are presented. The mean concentrations of Pb, As, and Cu are1.04±1.56 pg/g, 0.39±0.08 pg/g, and 11.2±14.4 pg/g, respectively. It is estimated that anthropogenic contributions are dominant for Pb, As, and Cu. Spatially, Pb concentrations show an exponentially decreasing trend from the coast inland, while a moderate decreasing trend is observed for Cu concentrations in the coastal area(below 2,000 m above sea level(a.s.l.)).In the intermediate area(2,000–3,000 m a.s.l.), the concentrations and enrichment factors of all these elements show high variability due to the complicated characteristics of climate and environment. On the inland plateau(above 3,000 m a.s.l.),the high concentrations of As and Pb are induced by high deposition efficiency, the existence of polar stratospheric precipitation, and the different fraction deposition to East Antarctica. The extremely high concentrations with maximum values of9.59 pg/g and 69.9 pg/g for Pb and Cu, respectively, are suggested to result mainly from local human activities at the station. Our results suggest that source, transport pathway, and deposition pattern, rather than distance from the coast or altitude, lead to the spatial distributions of Pb, As, and Cu; and it is further confirmed by spatial variations of the three metals deposited over the whole continent of Antarctica.     

科学数据共享实践：以国家地球系统科学数据中心为例

地球系统科学是一门综合性交叉学科,起源于全球变化研究,受益于遥感技术进步,现已进入大数据时代,人工智能技术成为解决地球系统科学前沿问题的新手段。科学数据共享是推动科学发展、提升数据价值的关键,经过长期的探索和实践,全球已形成完善的数据资源管理政策与机制、持续的数据共享服务体系、多元化的科学数据整合模式,并且新的理念不断推动数据共享创新发展,其中“可发现、可访问、可互操作和可重用”原则和数据出版备受推崇。我国颁布了国家层面的政策法规,着重推动国家级科学数据中心建设、科技项目数据资源汇交及数据出版。借鉴国外数据共享经验,结合国内实际发展情况,我国探索出具有中国特色的地球系统科学数据资源分类体系,在元数据、分布式互操作、大数据分析和共享服务等关键技术方面都取得了重大突破。本文以国家地球系统科学数据中心为例,系统梳理了国内地球系统科学领域的数据共享实践进展,详细介绍了国家在地球系统科学领域的数据共享实践及其成效。国家地球系统科学数据共享工作已探索形成成熟稳定的运行服务机制、研制出适用于多源分散地球系统科学数据的标准体系、 建成多学科多时空尺度的地球系统科学数据库群、自主研发海量异构数据共享网络技术体系与服务系统,促进了地球系统科学的科学发展,同时也推动了数据共享理念的传播与推广。然而,数据孤岛现象、共享服务系统标准化程度低、系统技术标准未对接国际规范等问题仍然较为突出,阻碍了地球系统科学数据开放与共享。未来,随着共享个性化需求被激活,定制化的“数据+知识”服务有望成为主流趋势,将给数据共享带来新的机遇和挑战。     

Numerical Study of Storm Surge Inundation in the Southwestern Hangzhou Bay Region During Typhoon Chan-Hom in 2015

Storm surge inundation is a major concern in marine hazard risk assessment during extreme weather conditions.In this study,a high-resolution coupled model(the ADVanced CIRCulation model+the Simulating WAves Nearshore model)was used to investigate the storm surge inundation in the southwestern Hangzhou Bay region during Typhoon Chan-hom in 2015.The simulated hydrodynamic processes(sea surface wave and storm tide)were validated with measured data from wave buoys and tide gauges,indicating that the overall performance of the model was satisfactory.The storm surge inundation in the coastal area was simulated for several idealized control experiments,including different wave effects(wave-enhanced wind stress,wave-enhanced bottom stress,and wave radiation stress).Dike overflowing cases with different dike heights and dike breaking cases with different dike breach lengths were considered in the simulation.The results highlight the necessity of incorporating wave effects in the accurate simulation of storm surge inundation.Dike height significantly influences the magnitude and phase of the maximum inundation area in the dike overflowing cases,and dike breach length is an important factor impacting the magnitude of the maximum inundation area in the dike breaking cases.This study may serve as a useful reference for accurate coastal inundation simulation and risk assessment.     

基于遗传BP神经网络的海底沉积物声速预报

在海底沉积物声速预报中,针对传统经验公式存在预测精度差、适用范围窄、缺乏物理意义等问题,在已有BP神经网络预测的基础上,运用遗传算法优化其初始权值和阈值的方法,构建出基于含水量、孔隙度的声速预报模型。将南沙海域采集得到的海底沉积物样品分为两部分,抽取120组涵盖陆架、陆坡、海槽等地貌单元的样品作为训练数据,另外剩余6组作为测试数据。经试验对比后发现,在对本区域进行声速预报时,宜采用遗传算法优化的BP神经网络,其要优于传统的单参数、双参数回归拟合预报方法和国内外其他学者所得到的经验公式。此种预报方法具有一定的科学依据和广泛的应用前景,可在今后为建立明确、统一的声速预报模型提供参考。     

地基微波辐射计反演水汽密度廓线精度分析

以探空水汽廓线为标准,对00:00UTC、12:00UTC北京南郊(39.93°E,116.28°N)观测站的微波辐射计水汽廓线与WRF(Weather ResearchForecasting Model)模拟的水汽廓线进行精度分析。结果表明,整体上WRF水汽密度接近探空,但在近地面处微波辐射计的更接近探空;水汽密度偏差在夏季较大冬季较小;微波辐射计的水汽密度在3km左右偏大,根据北京地区历史天气记录中有中云的天气较多的信息,推测可能是由于云对微波辐射计反演有影响。06:00UTC和18:00UTC以WRF水汽廓线为参考对微波辐射计的水汽廓线进行精度分析,得到的结果与00:00UTC和12:00UTC的类似。     

改进HOT法的Landsat 8 OLI遥感影像雾霾及薄云去除

针对Haze optimized transformation(HOT)方法存在的地物敏感性、过度矫正、红绿蓝波段RGB合成影像色彩失真等问题,提出了相应的改进方法。首先,采用归一化差分植被指数(NDVI)结合地物红蓝光谱差(RBSD)制作通用掩膜,并利用掩膜提取原始影像植被覆盖区对应的原始HOT图部分作为HOT值评估雾霾强度的有效像素集;然后从有效像素集出发推断非植被区的HOT值,得到有效HOT图;最后以有效HOT图为参考,实施暗目标减法。在暗目标减法过程中,首先利用直方图取百分位数的方法确定起始波段的改正值,然后根据散射模型计算其他波段的改正值。在红蓝光谱空间中,去雾后的影像表现出与原始无云区相似的特征,同时保持了不同地物间的差异。实验表明:改进的HOT方法能有效去除雾霾及薄云;有效解决了HOT对水体、裸地、人造地物等地表覆被类型的敏感性问题,避免了RGB合成影像的色彩失真;并且统一了不同波段的纠正尺度,解决了某一(或几个)波段的过度矫正问题,防止了块斑和光晕的产生。