华北地台晚古生代海侵模式雏议

本对华北地台的山西太原西山上石炭统太原组的7、8和11号煤层及其顶板灰岩的地球化学特征、煤核和生物化石进行了系统分析，发现煤层形成过程中有海水的影响，煤层上覆石灰岩形成过程中亦有淡水参与，说明煤层及其顶板灰岩在相序上是连续的，其海侵模式并不是突发型海便。而为渐进型海侵。本还应用层序地层学原理论述了海平面变化与聚煤作用的关系。     

陕西北秦岭地区构造作用与成矿初探

陕西北秦岭地区具有多旋回构造发展史及多旋四成矿作用。主要表现:断裂构造作用的多期性,板块多次俯冲碰撞,构造带多次由北向南迁移以及多期次岩浆活动和变质作用等方面。其结果使得该区显示出由北向南的构造发展规律,并形成了最终的构造格局。根据该区多旋回的构造发展历史,可将该区铀及其有关矿产分为五个矿化旋回期:太古代,元古代、早古生代、晚古-中生代和新生代。其中早古生代、晚古-中生代和新生代,是区内三个主要矿化旋回期。深大断裂带系统在成岩成矿中占有相当重要的地位,它们不但控制了区内内生矿化的形成,而且是控制变质怍用与矿化的重要因素。断裂作用破坏了地壳岩石的完整性,使处于封闭状态的铀及其它成矿元素得以活化转移,从而形成了矿化作用的有利条件。燕山-喜山期构造和岩浆活化作用,对原有地质构造和矿化进行了强烈的改造。形成了新的矿化排列组合及新类型矿化。铀矿化则以淋积型为主。该区有利的找矿方向是:地台边缘冒地槽区,深大断裂带通过富铀建造的地区,北东向隆起一沉降过渡区。     

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广西钦州地区那丽花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

位于广西南部钦州地区的那丽岩体是华南地区(除海南岛外)报道的、具精确同位素年龄的海西期花岗岩岩体,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示其形成时代为262Ma。二叠纪时期,羌塘-中缅Sibumasu地块与印支地块碰撞拼合,导致华南陆块俯冲于印支陆块之下,那丽花岗岩可能形成于这种俯冲作用的较晚阶段——弧后伸展环境。     

祁连山西段蛇绿岩型超基性岩特征及其地质意义

本文对祁连山西段具有代表性的大拉排沟等6个超基性岩体的岩石学,主要元素、微量元素及副矿物铬尖晶石特征作了深入的研究,认为分布于祁连造山带的蛇绿岩型超基性岩,具有分异后的上地幔组成特点,其成岩作用比较复杂。岩体主要由方辉橄榄岩和纯橄榄岩构成,为钙碱性系列的镁质超基性岩类。岩石化学成分具高MgO、Na₂O,而低Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃、TiO₂、CaO、K₂O特征。同时,微量元素分析表明,该类岩体均起源于分异作用相对较小的深部地幔。     

Distribution, isotopic variation and origin of sulfur in coals in the Wuda coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China

This paper describes coal petrographic characteristics, sulfur abundance, distribution and isotopic signature in coals in the Wuda coalfield, Inner Mongolia, northern China. Petrographic studies suggest that depositional environment influences petrographic composition. The No. 9 and No. 10 coal seams, which are thought to have formed on a tidal delta plain, have high collodetrinite contents (up to 66.1%) indicating enhanced gelification and bacteria activity during coal accumulation, and also have the highest sulfur content (3.46% and 3.42%). Both organic and pyritic sulfur isotope values (−12.3‰ to 5.8‰ and −18.7‰ to 1.1‰, respectively) are variable and generally tend to be more negative in high-sulfur coals than those in low-sulfur coals in the Wuda coalfield. The negative sulfur isotope values indicate that a large portion of sulfur in the high-sulfur coals has a bacterial origin. Sulfur isotopic compositions and variations within the section were used to propose a model to explain the origin of sulfur in these coals. The presence of pyritized rod-like bacteria, cyanophyte's gelatinous sheaths and degraded algae organic matter suggests that bacteria, and perhaps algae, may play an important role in the formation of these high-sulfur coals.     

羟基铝镍多孔粘土材料的表面酸性及其孔容

把羟基铝镍聚合物引入蒙脱石层间,制备多孔粘土材料,利用XRD、IR及非水溶液滴定法研究了制备方法及条件变化对材料表面酸性及孔容的影响。结果表明,制备方法及Al／Ni、(Al Ni)／土、老化温度等条件对表面酸性及孔容均有影响,材料在400℃以下热稳定性较好。     

福建漳浦山门石英砂矿地质特征及成因探讨

山门石英砂矿主要贮存于长乐组海积层中,矿体近水平层状产出,主要受物质来源、地貌和水动力与新构造运动等条件控制,矿床成因类型属滨海堆积。区内石英砂资源量大且质优,成矿地质条件好。     

Electrical conductivity of alkali feldspar solid solutions at high temperatures and high pressures

The electrical conductivities of alkali feldspar solid solutions ranging in chemical composition from albite (NaAlSi₃O₈) to K-feldspar (KAlSi₃O₈) were measured at 1.0 GPa and temperatures of 873–1,173 K in a multi-anvil apparatus. The complex impedance was determined by the AC impedance spectroscopy technique in the frequency range of 0.1–10⁶ Hz. Our experimental results revealed that the electrical conductivities of alkali feldspar solid solutions increase with increasing temperature, and the linear relationship between electrical conductivity and temperature fits the Arrhenius formula. The electrical conductivities of solid solutions increase with the increasing Na content at constant temperature. At 1.0 GPa, the activation enthalpy of solid solution series shows strong dependency on the composition, and there is an abrupt increase from the composition of Or₄₀Ab₆₀ to Or₆₀Ab₄₀, where it reaches a value of 0.96 eV. According to these results in this study, it is proposed that the dominant conduction mechanism in alkali feldspar solid solutions under high temperature and high pressure is ionic conduction. Furthermore, since the activation enthalpy is less than 1.0 eV for the alkali feldspar solid solutions, it is suggested to be a model where Na⁺ and K⁺ transport involves an interstitial mechanism for electrical conduction. The change of main charge carriers can be responsible for the abrupt increase in the activation energy for Or₆₀Ab₄₀. All electrical conductivity data were fitted by a general formula in order to show the dependence of activation enthalpy and pre-exponential factor on chemical composition. Combining our experimental results with the effective medium theory, we theoretically calculated the electrical conductivity of alkali feldspar granite, alkali feldspar quartz syenite, and alkali feldspar syenite with different mineral content and variable chemical composition of alkali feldspar at high temperatures at 1.0 GPa, and the calculated results are almost in agreement with previous experimental studies on silicate rocks.     

GIS-based geo-environmental evaluation for urban land-use planning: a case study

A geo-environmental evaluation for urban land-use planning often requires a large amount of spatial information. Geographic information systems (GIS) are capable of managing large amounts of spatially related information, providing the ability to integrate multiple layers of information and to derive additional information. A GIS-aid to the geo-environmental evaluation for urban land-use planning is illustrated for the urban area of Lanzhou City and its vicinity in Northwest China. This evaluation incorporates topography, surficial and bedrock geology, groundwater conditions, and historic geologic hazards. Urban land-use is categorized according to the types of land-use and projects planned, such as high-rise building, multi-storey building, low-rise building, waste disposal, and natural conservation. Multi-criteria analysis is performed to evaluate development suitability of the geo-environment for each category, according to appropriately measured and weighted factors. A suitability map for each category is developed using an algorithm that combines factors in weighted linear combinations. It is demonstrated that the GIS methodology has high functionality for geo-environmental assessment.