Quantitative assessment on the influence of heavy rainfall on the crystalline schist landslide by monitoring system -case study on Zentoku landslide, Japan

On Shikoku Island, which is one of the four main islands of Japan, a large number of large-scale crystalline schist landslides have been revealed and are being monitored by an observation system. Seasonal heavy rainfall is the most active meteorological factor that can threaten the stability of this kind of site-specific landslide. In this paper, on the basis of the study of the rainfall-related behavior of a typical crystalline schist landslide, the Zentoku landslide, by analyzing the precisely and continuously observed piezometric and movement data, a method was developed to quantitatively assess the effect of heavy rainfall on a large-scale landslide. The results indicated that heavy rainfall-induced landslide displacement shows good correlation with the variation of groundwater levels. Variations of groundwater level have been simulated with the use of a tank model. The simulation using this model permits the change in water levels for future rainfall events to be predicted. By combining the predicted results with the empirical relation between displacements and water levels, rainfall-induced landslide movement during extreme rainfall events can be estimated in advance. The effect of heavy rainfall on sliding behavior can be quantified in terms of the change in displacement. Thus warning information or advisories for the local residents can be provided.     

横观各向同性饱和土体振动分析

基于饱和地基多孔介质理论,考虑了水土的惯性及耦合作用,研究了横观各向同性饱和地基的稳态振动问题。利用Hankel变换,得到饱和土的位移、应力、孔压的积分形式的解,由此利用数值Hankel逆变换给出了数值算例,最后讨论了横观各向同性饱和地基各向异性对地表竖向振幅的影响。     

山东鲁西地区绿岩带型金矿床特征及成因浅析

山东鲁西地区绿岩带地层总体金背景值较高,是金矿形成的矿源层.无论是保存相对完好的绿岩带还是被TTG改造后的花岗-绿岩带,均有利于金矿形成.已知金矿床的形成与分布均与韧性剪切带有关,韧性剪切带是形成绿岩型金矿的主要控矿构造.强烈韧性变形和破碎并富含绿岩带残留体的TTG岩系与金成矿关系密切.中生代燕山期岩浆热液活动的叠加有利于进一步富集成矿.     

陕西柞山地区穆家庄铜矿床成矿流体来源的氦氩氢氧同位素示踪

最近,在秦岭柞山地区泥盆系中又发现了穆家庄铜矿,矿体明显受层间破碎带控制,矿石主要产在铁白云石-石英脉中,其后生成矿现象非常明显.文章利用的黄铁矿流体包裹体He-Ar同位素和氢氧同位素,来探讨这类矿床的成矿流体的来源.穆家庄铜矿床矿石矿物黄铁矿流体包裹体的3He/4He比值为0.322～0.889R/Ra,小于1.0R/Ra.3He/4He比值远远低于地幔流体的比值,与地壳流体的比值在相同的数量级上.穆家庄铜矿成矿流体的40Ar/36Ar比值为377～569,平均470,显然偏离大气氩的同位素组成.穆家庄铜矿成矿流体的40Ar/4He比值为0.09～0.23,平均值为0.164.很显然,该矿床的成矿流体的40Ar/4He比值接近地壳.根据以上分析,柞山地区的穆家庄铜矿床的成矿流体是壳源的.氢氧同位素分析表明穆家庄铜矿的氢氧同位素则落入原生岩浆水范围内,表明穆家庄铜矿的成矿流体为岩浆水.综合对比分析后认为,穆家庄铜矿的成矿流体是由壳源岩浆驱动并参与的岩浆流体提供的.     

欠压实地层古地层压力恢复的统计模拟法及其在松辽盆地中的应用

恢复烃源岩古地层压力和对于研究其生留排烃过程具有重要意义。Ｎａｋａｙａｍａ［１］等在开展盆地模拟研究时应用Ｒｕｂｅｙ（１９５９）和Ｃｈａｐｍａｎ（１９７）等人提出的数学地质模型对欠压实地层的古地层压力进行恢复。本文通过对松辽盆地欠压实地层的研究发现欠压实因子随地层厚度、埋深、围岩渗透性等地质条件的不同而改变，在此基础上提出了欠压实地层压力恢复的统计模拟法，克服了目前Ｎａｋａｙａｍａ［１］等将地层埋藏过程中的欠压实因子视为常数的不足，从而使计算结果更接近实际。统计模拟法在松辽盆地的应用结果表明了这一方法在实用中的可行性和有效性。     

乳山金矿煌斑岩的Sm-Nd同位素研究

乳山金矿区发育多种与金矿脉在时空上密切伴生的煌斑岩脉。煌斑岩的稀土元素含量和配分曲线与胶东群残留体和昆嵛山花岗岩的均较相似；三者的εNd(t)、INd(t)和tDM亦甚为相近。胶东群的分异熔融作用，可较好地解释煌斑岩与花岗岩和胶东群残留体在成因上的渊源关系。     

Petroleum Migration Direction of the Silurian Paleo-pools in the Tarim Basin, Northwest China

The results obtained in this paper indicate that carbazole-type compounds have high thermal stability and also show stability in oxidation and bio-degradation. This kind of compounds still has a high concentration and complete distribution in the analyzed dry asphalt samples, showing that they are particularly useful in studying petroleum migration of paleo-pool. During the basin＇s first-stage of oil-gas pool formation in the Silurian in Tazhong and Tabei areas of Tarim Basin （at the end of Silurian period） and the second-stage in the Awati area （in Permian）, the petroleum experienced a long-distance migration. During the formation of the Silurian paleo-pools in Tazhong Uplift at the end of Silurian, the petroleum mainly came from the lower and middle Cambrian source rocks in the Manjiaer sag. The petroleum migrated towards the southwest-south entering the Silurian reservoir beds in Tazhong first. Then, it further migrated within Silurian from northwest to southeast along the highs of the Structural Belts to the region of the Silurian pinchout boundary in Tazhong. In Tabei Uplift, during the first-stage of pool formation, the petroleum was also from the lower and middle Cambrian source rocks in the Manjiaer sag. It migrated northwest entering the Silurian reservoir beds in the Tabei Uplift firstly, and then the migration continued in the same direction within the Silurian reservoirs and finally the petroleum was trapped in higher positions. During the second-stage pool formation in the Silurian beds in the areas around Awati sag, the petroleum mainly came from the lower-middle Cambrian source rocks in the Awati sag. The petroleum migrated from the generation center to Silurian reservoirs in all directions around the sag through major paths, and the petroleum was finally trapped in higher locations.     

三维地震勘探技术在新疆沙吉海井田中的应用

针对沙吉海井田以往未开展过地震勘探,煤层多、局部间距小特点,介绍了研究区主要地震反射波与煤层对应关系.通过对T13、T12、T10、T6反射波研究,采用地震波阻抗反演技术对该区煤层厚度及煤层结构进行解释,查明井田构造形态和主要煤层赋存变化特征,取得了较好地震勘探效果.     

吉林省和龙市和安河金矿床地质特征及找矿方向

和安河金矿床是我队在吉林省东部金矿化集中区发现的金矿之一。通过地表工程的深部稀疏钻孔控制,确定为一小型金矿床。普查结果表明,矿化系统有一定延深。本文分析了金矿床地质特征及矿床成因,认为构造、岩浆活动在成矿过程中起着重要作用。和安河金矿勘查对在吉林省东部寻找金矿具有着指导意义,明确了本区找矿方向。     

海底冷泉在旁扫声纳图像上的识别

海底冷泉是指来自海底沉积地层(或更深)的气体以喷涌或渗漏的方式注入海洋中的一种海洋地质现象,它普遍发育于主动大陆边缘和被动大陆边缘。海底冷泉研究在天然气水合物、全球气候变化、极端生物群落等研究方面都具有重要意义。利用实测的海上资料,通过分析水体声学剖面上的冷泉气柱、旁扫声纳图像上的亮斑异常以及柱状沉积物样品中天然气水合物等的对应关系,指出旁扫声纳图像上出现的亮斑异常是海底冷泉喷逸的指示。海底冷泉逸出的大量气泡遮蔽海底,从而形成一个强波阻抗界面,这个强波阻抗界面在旁扫声纳图像上形成亮斑异常。通过亮斑异常,可以判定海底冷泉的存在。旁扫声纳可以成为海底冷泉探测的有力方法。