线性同相轴波场分离的高分辨率τ-p变换法

基于最小二乘τ-p变换和τ-p域模型稀疏分布的假设，本文给出高分辨率τ-p变换的推导及其模型空间域的离散采样公式，同时给出了保振幅线性同相轴波场分离的算法流程.在求解本文给出的高分辨率τ-p正变换时，由于待求解的矩阵不具备最小平方法所具有的Toeplitz结构，故采用Cholesky分解法进行计算.本文模拟了井间地震和阵列声波测井中的Stoneley上下行波的分离算法过程，高分辨率正反τ-p变换且滤波所得结果显示本文算法误差小和保振幅的特点.对于在τ-p域距离很近或时间域同相轴近于水平的线性波场，高分辨率算法的聚焦作用使得所分离波场畸变小，体现本文算法精度高的优点.理论模型试算表明本文给出的高分辨率τ-p变换线性波场分离算法具有稳定性、精度高和保振幅的特点.     

大同地震序列的震源机制解

使用ＣＤＳＮ长周期地震波形记录，利用Ｈｅｌｍｂｅｒｇｅｒ（１９６８）的广义地震射线理论得到的线性反演地震矩张量的方法，对１９８９年１０月１８日－１９９１年３月２５日发生在大同的４个Ｍｓ＞５．０的地震进行了反演，计算了这些地震矩张量和断层面解。     

伪谱法地震波正演模拟的多线程并行计算

地震波的正演模拟,尤其是3D正演模拟,往往涉及大规模的数据存储和计算,问题的规模往往超出计算机的物理内存,或者计算时间让问题的求解者难以忍受,即使采用目前存储和计算能力很强的计算机,其计算费用仍然是十分昂贵的.本文提出一种基于多线程协同使用多CPU和计算域分割的正演模拟并行计算技术,使得问题的求解过程得以加快,大大地缩短了用户等待的时间.为了检验我们的并行算法的可行性,文中以傅利叶正演模拟技术为例,给出了声波和3D各向异性弹性波模拟的例子,并对不同版本（串行、并行）运算效率进行了比较,证实了方法的有效性.     

抛物Radon变换法近偏移距波场外推

本文给出了抛物Radon变换的基本原理,以及部分动校正后的CMP道集抛物线近似有效性的证明,基于带限正反最小平方抛物Radon变换的Levinson递推算法,对缺失的近偏移距地震波场进行叠前重建和外推.给出了抛物Radon变换法地震道重建外推的基本原理和叠前地震数据规则化的处理流程,另外对于Radon域均匀采样的情形,本文给出了均匀层状介质和Marmousi模型的近偏移距外推结果,计算结果验证了算法的稳定性和适用性.     

长沙地区蒸发皿水体蒸发过程中稳定同位素的变化特征

蒸发过程中水体同位素分馏与蒸发时的气象要素密切相关。为此,于2013年6―9月份在长沙地区进行了4组室外蒸发皿蒸发实验,从而探讨蒸发剩余水体中稳定同位素与温度、相对湿度等气象要素之间的关系。实验结果表明：1）剩余水体中稳定同位素比率随着剩余水比例f的减少而富集,在高温无雨的伏旱天气下,蒸发剩余水体中稳定同位素分馏结果与瑞利分馏模式比较吻合;2）温度越高,分馏效应也将变大,蒸发过程中稳定同位素比率的改变量也将变大,随着水体质量的减小,稳定同位素比率的变化与相对湿度呈现负相关,尤其到蒸发后期,负相关关系更为明显,这可能是由于实验后期剩余水体绝对质量太小,易受空气中稳定同位素的影响;3）蒸发线δ2H＝3.89δ18O－24.55与δ2H＝3.38δ18O－24.96的斜率和截距明显小于同时期长沙降水线δ2H＝6.85δ18O－4.4的斜率和截距,与同时期湘江河水蒸发线δ2H＝3.9δ18O－13.2的斜率接近。以上结果说明本蒸发皿实验能一定程度上体现夏季自然水体蒸发分馏情况。     

多尺度水平集SAR影像水体自动分割方法

针对高分辨率SAR影像的水体特性,提出了一种新的可精确、快速、自动完成高分辨率SAR影像水体分割的方法。该方法将多尺度分析技术与水平集理论相结合,在考虑全局信息的同时,也顾及到了局部信息。同时,为了满足SAR图像的分布特性,将Gamma统计模型引入到水平集能量函数中,利用OTSU算法来初始化零水平集。为了消除SAR影像中疑似水体的目标,对分割结果进行了后处理。实验表明,该方法在提高精度的同时,也大大提高了水体提取的效率。     

雷电电磁辐射脉冲的GPS多站同步系统

利用全球卫星定位导航系统GPS(GlobalPositioningSystem)的秒脉冲信号PPS(PulsePerSec ond)与高精度时钟电路同步,实现了雷电电磁辐射脉冲测量时的多站同步,解决了因晶体振荡频率漂移造成高精度时钟计数误差的难点,同步精度达到±50ns。文中介绍了该系统的组成及原理,野外的初步观测得到了多站雷电观测的同步资料,证实了该同步系统的可靠性。     

东亚夏季风降水和环流数值模拟对不同对流参数化方案的敏感性

A 5-level spectral AGCM (ImPKU-5LAGCM) is used to examine the sensitivity of the simulated results of the summer monsoon rainfall and circulation in East Asia to different cumulus parameterization schemes in the climatological-mean case and in the cases of weak and strong Asian summer monsoons,respectively. The results simulated with the Arakawa-Schubert＇s(hereafter A-S＇s), Kuo＇s and Manabe＇s cumulus parameterization schemes show that these simulated distributions of the summer monsoon rainfall and circulation in East Asia depend strongly on the cumulus parameterization schemes either in the climatological-mean case or in the cases of weak and strong Asian summer monsoons. From the simulated results, it might be shown that the Kuo scheme appears to be more suitable for the simulation of the summer monsoon rainfall and circulation in East Asia than the A-S scheme or the Manabe scheme, although the A-S scheme is somewhat better in the simulations of the tropical rainfall. This might be due to that the Kuo＇s cumulus parameterization scheme is able to reflect well the characteristics of rainfall cloud system in the East Asian summer monsoon region, where the rainfall system used to be a mixing of cumulus and stratus.     

实测天然气扩散系数在地层条件下的校正

在研究天然气在地下岩石中扩散机理及扩散系数测试方法的基础上，指出了实测天然气扩散系数与地层条件下的差异，利用实测饱和水和干样条件下人造石英粉砂岩的扩散系数值的比值与其物性之间的关系，利用爱因斯坦方程产实测天然气扩散系数的饱和介质转换和温度校正方法，该方法的实际应用表明，校正结果符合地质规律，表明该校正方法是可行的。     

Defining physico-chemical variables, chlorophyll-a and Secchi depth reference conditions in northeast eco-region lakes, China

Establishing reference conditions for regional lakes is necessary to assess human impact on aquatic ecosystems, protect water quality and biotic integrity. The northeast eco-region lakes often present a marked seasonal variability in hydrological, biological and geochemical processes, which could affect physico-chemical variables, chlorophyll-a and Secchi depth reference conditions. Reference conditions were calculated using two different methods: lake population distribution method and trisection method. General physico-chemical reference conditions (pH, conductivity, BOD and nutrients) and chlorophyll-a, and Secchi depth reference conditions were established using the two approaches combined with the analysis of seasonal variability for each parameter for shallow and deep lake types in the northeast eco-region lakes. The results indicated that depth was an important factor affecting physico-chemical variables, chlorophyll-a and Secchi depth reference values. Moreover, the seasonal differences in parameters were also assessed using a non-parametric repeated measure ANOVA (Friedman test) in the shallow and deep lakes. Some parameters showed a seasonal variability for shallow and deep lakes. The least restrictive reference values of the four seasons were proposed to simplify the water quality assessment for regional lake management goals. These results indicated that the 50th percentile (median) value from the best one-third of the nutrient-concentration data distributions is more appropriate for the northeast eco-region lakes.