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61.
Starting from the occurrence of a zonal Walker circulation supplementing the meridional Hadley cell, the concept of ultralong waves with diagonal upper troughs extending far into the Tropics is stressed. The model of equatorial upwelling with air‐sea coupling is critically discussed and a modification proposed. An intensification of the subtropical jet at the peak of the 1972 El Niño (as suggested by Rowntree's model calculations) has been verified. Empirical studies deal with the large interannual and interdecadal variations of the energy fluxes at the air‐sea interface; time variations of the oceanic evaporation and sensible heat flux are greater than expected. Using spectrum analysis, the occurrence of a 5‐year periodicity in equatorial rainfall of the Pacific and Indonesia is demonstrated, together with a marked phase shift along the NE coast of New Guinea. 相似文献
62.
Carl Spandler Jörg Hermann Kevin Faure John A. Mavrogenes Richard J. Arculus 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2008,155(2):181-198
The transfer of fluid and trace elements from the slab to the mantle wedge cannot be adequately explained by simple models
of slab devolatilization. The eclogite-facies mélange belt of northern New Caledonia represents previously subducted oceanic
crust and contains a significant proportion of talc and chlorite schists associated with serpentinite. These rocks host large
quantities of H2O and CO2 and may transport volatiles to deep levels in subduction zones. The bulk-rock and stable isotope compositions of talc and
chlorite schist and serpentinite indicate that the serpentinite was formed by seawater alteration of oceanic lithosphere prior
to subduction, whereas the talc and chlorite schists were formed by fluid-induced metasomatism of a mélange of mafic, ultramafic
and metasedimentary rocks during subduction. In subduction zones, dehydration of talc and chlorite schists should occur at
sub-arc depths and at significantly higher temperatures (∼ 800°C) than other lithologies (400–650°C). Fluids released under
these conditions could carry high trace-element contents and may trigger partial melting of adjacent pelitic and mafic rocks,
and hence may be vital for transferring volatile and trace elements to the source regions of arc magmas. In contrast, these
hybrid rocks are unlikely to undergo significant decarbonation during subduction and so may be important for recycling carbon
into the deep mantle.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
63.
A Spatial Data Infrastructure Approach for the Characterization of New Zealand's Groundwater Systems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Alexander Kmoch Hermann Klug Alistair B. H. Ritchie Jochen Schmidt Paul A. White 《Transactions in GIS》2016,20(4):626-641
The future information needs of stakeholders for hydrogeological and hydro‐climate data management and assessment in New Zealand may be met with an Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards‐compliant publicly accessible web services framework which aims to provide integrated use of groundwater information and environmental observation data in general. The stages of the framework development described in this article are search and discovery as well as data collection and access with (meta)data services, which are developed in a community process. The concept and prototype implementation of OGC‐compliant web services for groundwater and hydro‐climate data include demonstration data services that present multiple distributed datasets of environmental observations. The results also iterate over the stakeholder community process and the refined profile of OGC services for environmental observation data sharing within the New Zealand Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) landscape, including datasets from the National Groundwater Monitoring Program and the New Zealand Climate Database along with datasets from affiliated regional councils at regional‐ and sub‐regional scales. With the definition of the New Zealand observation data profile we show that current state‐of‐the‐art standards do not necessarily need to be improved, but that the community has to agree upon how to use these standards in an iterative process. 相似文献
64.
Hermann L. F. Meyer 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1916,7(5-6):193-248
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65.
66.
Hermann Freudenberg 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1940,31(3-4):285-293
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
67.
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
68.
69.
Anita Engels Otto Hüther Mike Schäfer Hermann Held 《Global Environmental Change》2013,23(5):1018-1027
Many studies have shown a general decline of public concern about climate change or vice versa a rise in public climate-change skepticism, in particular in the U.S. and other Anglo-Saxon countries. There is a vivid debate on whether this is a global phenomenon, on which factors explain the decline, and on the broader societal implications of these trends in the context of the transformation toward a low-carbon society. We add to this literature by presenting the results of a recent general population survey in Germany in which we looked for systematic linkages between public climate-change skepticism on one hand, and energy preferences and political participation on the other. Germany is an interesting testbed as it is currently involved in a large-scale restructuring of its system of energy supply toward renewable energy sources (the “Energiewende”). Our results indicate that climate-change skepticism has not diffused widely in Germany, but that it correlates with less support of renewable energy sources. However, skepticism correlates negatively with political participation, and there is no strong political outlet for public climate-change skepticism in Germany. Alternative potential barriers for the successful implementation of the “Energiewende” are also discussed. 相似文献
70.
Coma Structures in Comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3, Components B and C,Between January and May 2006
Jean-Baptiste Vincent Hermann Böhnhardt Ivano Bertini Luisa-Maria Lara Michael Küppers Rafael Rodrigo 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2010,106(1):27-35
The Jupiter family comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3 has been widely observed since 1995 after a nucleus break-up event produced
at least five components labeled 73P-A to E. During the 2006 appearance, two of them (B and C) showed very strong coma activity.
Our R-filter imaging of 73P-B & C from 21 January to 25 May 2006 revealed the presence of fan-like structures in the comae
of both components and evidence for further fragmentation events in component B. As of early April 2006, component C showed
two jets emanating from the nucleus, with one continuously visible. Through a simulation of the orbital geometry we infer
that the rotation axis of 73P-C has an inclination of 20° to the orbital plane and a longitude of 45° at perihelion. The coma
activity of component B was highly variable, displaying signatures of at least 3 fragmentation events. The coma was characterized
by the continuous presence of a jet roughly in sunward direction, starting from the beginning of May. The first fragmentation
event of component B may have happened between April 16 and April 26, leading to the presence of at least 6 fragments detected
in images of May 2. The second one happened on or shortly before May 8, the third one between May 18 and 24. For the rotation
axis of 73P-B we infer an inclination of 5°–15° to the orbital plane and a longitude of 20°–30° at perihelion. 相似文献