广东中山地区土壤氡浓度填图研究

为了研究区域土壤氡填图的方法,利用RAD7电子测氡仪和RADON-JOK土壤气体渗透率仪在广东省中山市进行了面积为1 800 km2的测量工作,有效测点数为67个。中山市的平均土壤氡浓度为(100.41±154.64)kBq/m3;最大值和最小值分别为0.74 kBq/m3和1 199.24 kBq/m3。土壤气体渗透率测量结果表明,在风化花岗岩地区,高渗透率和中渗透率占优势;而第四纪沉积物地区大部分土壤气体渗透率较低。基于此,结合研究区土壤氡浓度和土壤气体渗透率,对研究区土壤氡风险进行了分级评价。为土壤氡风险分级的方法研究提供了有参考价值的研究实例。     

Seismic images under the Beijing region inferred from P and PmP data

In this study a new tomographic method is applied to over 1500 high-quality PmP (Moho reflected wave) travel-time data as well as over 38,500 high-quality first P-wave arrivals to determine a detailed 3D crustal velocity structure under Beijing and adjacent areas. Results of detailed resolution analyses show that the PmP data can significantly improve the resolution of the model in the middle and lower crust. After the PmP data are included in the tomographic inversion, our new model not only displays the tectonic feature appeared in the previous studies, but also reveals some new features. The Zhangjiakou-Bohai Sea fault zone (Zhang-Bo zone) is imaged as prominent and continuous low-velocity (low-V) anomalies in the shallower crust, while in the middle and lower crust it shows intermittent low-V anomalies extending down to the uppermost mantle. Furthermore, the pattern of low-V anomalies is different along the Zhang-Bo zone from the southeast to the northwest, indicating that there exist large differences in the dynamic evolution of Taihangshan and Yanshan uplifts and North China depression basin. Prominent low-V anomalies are visible under the source area of the 4 July 2006 Wen-An earthquake (M 5.1), suggesting that the occurrence of the Wen-An earthquake is possibly related to the effect of the crustal fluids probably caused by the upwelling of the hot and wet asthenospheric materials due to the deep dehydration of the stagnant Pacific slab in the mantle transition zone. The fluids in the lower crust may cause the weakening of the seismogenic layer in the upper and middle crust and thus contribute to the initiation of the Wen-An earthquake. This is somewhat similar to the cause of the 1695 Sanhe-Pinggu earthquake and the 1976 Tangshan earthquake in the region, as well as the 1995 Kobe earthquake in Japan and the 2001 Bhuj earthquake in India.     

Research of Recycled Salt and Glauber’ Salt Precipitation Rules of Yabulai Salt Lake Brine

正1 Introduction The main production of Yabulai salt lake was original salt and recycled salt many years ago.After decade’s production,the sale lake resource is more and more deficient.Glauber's salt and magnesium salt are concentrated in brine now.It could affect the quality of the salt.In recent years,research had done much work to     

The Impact of the Numbers of Monitoring Stations on the National and Regional Air Quality Assessment in China During 2013–18

China national air quality monitoring network has become the core data source for air quality assessment and management in China. However, during network construction, the significant change in numbers of monitoring sites with time is easily ignored, which brings uncertainty to air quality assessments. This study aims to analyze the impact of change in numbers of stations on national and regional air quality assessments in China during 2013–18. The results indicate that the change in numbers of stations has different impacts on fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and ozone concentration assessments. The increasing number of sites makes the estimated national and regional PM_2.5 concentration slightly lower by 0.6?2.2 μg m^?3 and 1.4?6.0 μg m^?3 respectively from 2013 to 2018. The main reason is that over time, the monitoring network expands from the urban centers to the suburban areas with low population densities and pollutant emissions. For ozone, the increasing number of stations affects the long-term trends of the estimated concentration, especially the national trends, which changed from a slight upward trend to a downward trend in 2014?15. Besides, the impact of the increasing number of sites on ozone assessment exhibits a seasonal difference at the 0.05 significance level in that the added sites make the estimated concentration higher in winter and lower in summer. These results suggest that the change in numbers of monitoring sites is an important uncertainty factor in national and regional air quality assessments, that needs to be considered in long-term concentration assessment, trend analysis, and trend driving force analysis.     

System identification of linear structures based on Hilbert–Huang spectral analysis. Part 2: Complex modes

A method, based on the Hilbert–Huang spectral analysis, has been proposed by the authors to identify linear structures in which normal modes exist (i.e., real eigenvalues and eigenvectors). Frequently, all the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of linear structures are complex. In this paper, the method is extended further to identify general linear structures with complex modes using the free vibration response data polluted by noise. Measured response signals are first decomposed into modal responses using the method of Empirical Mode Decomposition with intermittency criteria. Each modal response contains the contribution of a complex conjugate pair of modes with a unique frequency and a damping ratio. Then, each modal response is decomposed in the frequency–time domain to yield instantaneous phase angle and amplitude using the Hilbert transform. Based on a single measurement of the impulse response time history at one appropriate location, the complex eigenvalues of the linear structure can be identified using a simple analysis procedure. When the response time histories are measured at all locations, the proposed methodology is capable of identifying the complex mode shapes as well as the mass, damping and stiffness matrices of the structure. The effectiveness and accuracy of the method presented are illustrated through numerical simulations. It is demonstrated that dynamic characteristics of linear structures with complex modes can be identified effectively using the proposed method. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种提高北斗系统中低纬度无源定位精度的改进方法

本文提出一种提高北斗系统中低纬度无源定位精度的方法,利用星际间单差及高程约束来提高定位精度。与传统方法相比,新方法具有更高的精度及较好的稳定性,仿真结果表明,在中低纬度地区定位精度可达50~200M。     

Empirical Analysis of City Contact in Zhujiang （Pearl） River Delta,China

In traditional urban geography, city contact research is a classic study element in city research. In general, researchers use the traditional gravity model to characterize the contacts that exist between two cities. The traditional gravity model assumes ideal condi- tions, but these preconditions and their results often do not exist in realistic conditions. Thus, we used a modified gravity model to char- acterize the city contacts within a specific region. This model considers factors such as intercity complementarities, government inter- vention, and the diversity of the transportation infrastructure which is characterized as the transportation distance instead of the tradi- tional Euclidean distance. We applied this model to an empirical study of city contact in the Zhujiang （Pearl） River Delta （PRD） of China. The regression results indicated that the modified gravity model could measure city contact more accurately and comprehen- sively than the traditional gravity model, i.e., it yielded a higher adjusted R2 value （0.379） than the traditional gravity model result （0.259）. Our study also suggests that, in addition to urban-regional and metropolitan development, the complementarities of the basic functions of cities at the administrative and market levels, as well as the corporeal and immaterial levels, play very significant roles in the characterization of city contact. Given the complexity of city contact, it will be necessary to consider more relevant influential fac- tors in the modified gravity model to characterize the features of city contact in the future.     

系外行星大气研究现状

探测系外行星的最终目的是为了寻找系外生命和宣居行星,而系外行星大气是人们了解行星宜居特性的窗口,所以系外行星大气的研究至关重要。近10年来,系外行星大气的理论研究和观测都发展迅速。受观测技术限制,目前观测到大气的系外行星主要是用凌星法探测到的热木星和超级地球,还有用直接成像法探测到的离主星较远的年轻气态巨行星。力求在系外行星大气领域飞速发展之际,对该领域研究现状做简明介绍。首先介绍系外行星大气的观测方法,随后介绍热木星和超级地球的大气概况和研究现状,最后对系外行星大气探测的有关项目进行简要介绍,以展示未来系外行星大气研究的前景。     

2017年11月7—8日南昌市一次重度污染天气过程分析

利用地面常规观测资料、探空资料和大气污染物监测数据等资料,对2017年11月7—8日南昌市一次重度污染天气过程的大气污染物特征、天气形势及气象要素特点等进行了分析,并运用拉格朗日混合单粒子轨道模型（HYSPLIT）分析了大气污染物的后向轨迹。结果表明：1） 此次过程的首要污染物为PM2.5,空气质量呈东部劣于西部,市内劣于市郊的特点。AQI有明显的日变化特征,凌晨和上午10时各有一个AQI高峰,傍晚有一个AQI低谷,中午前后为AQI明显下降时段。2） 地面气压梯度小、风速小,不利于污染物的扩散。对流层中层有低槽东移,低层有弱切变线位于江西省北部,低层弱辐合导致周边污染物向中心辐合堆积。地面能见度与相对湿度变化呈反相关,在重度污染天气发生时多为雾和霾的混合物。南昌上空表现为“中层湿、低层干”的特点,在较干的低层有等温层和弱的逆温层,能抑制大气污染物的垂直扩散。3） 此次重度污染天气过程的大气污染物来源主要有三个,即南昌市周边环境污染、本地污染源的排放和大气污染物的外来输入,外来输入源主要为广东、广西及湖南上空的大气污染物。