在Windows 95下用VC 6.0实现微机与全站仪的通讯

以日本Topcon701全站仪为例,利用VC 6.0中的ActiveX控件MicrosoftCommunicationControl6.0对微机串行口进行通讯操作,实现了Windows95下对全站仪测量数据的采集。     

基于BDS/GLONASS的短基线单历元多频RTK定位研究

在基于几何的TCAR(three carrier ambiguity resolution)算法基础上,将BDS/GLONASS组合引入到宽巷和窄巷模糊度解算中,提出一种基于双系统组合的单历元多频RTK定位模型,并通过实验进行分析。结果表明,相比于其他模型,该模型在模糊度解算效率和定位精度方面都是最优的。     

基于BDS+GPS中长基线多频RTK定位的快速收敛模型

随着全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)进入多系统时代,天空中导航卫星的可见数不断增加,而我国北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)也已开始面向用户提供三频导航信号,这都有利于改善RTK定位的精度和可靠性。本文提出了一种BDS+GPS中长基线多频RTK定位算法,先以较高成功率快速固定BDS的两个超宽巷模糊度,继而通过简单变换得到BDS宽巷模糊度,然后用其辅助提高GPS宽巷模糊度固定成功率,最后采用将电离层延迟误差和对流层延迟误差参数化的策略以加快窄巷模糊度浮点解的收敛速度,缩短模糊度首次固定的时间。结合实测数据进行的验证分析结果表明,利用本文算法对模糊度进行解算是可行的。     

Metal pollution of estuarine sediments caused by leaching of acid sulphate soils

This study tracks changes in metal distribution in estuarine sediments as a result of leakage from acid sulphate (AS) soil landscapes in the Boreal Zone (Finland). The main objective was to identify the impact of these nasty soils on sediment geochemistry in a biologically sensitive and shallow brackish-water estuary. In order to do this four sediment cores were sampled in a profile extending seawards from the mouth of the Vörå River, which is one of the most heavily AS soil-impacted rivers in Finland and Europe. Two of the cores were rather deep (2.5 m and 4.0 m) and the others were shallow (0.4 m and 0.8 m). The results showed that an appreciable amount of aluminium (Al), cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) were elevated in the surface and sub-surface of the sampled bottom sediments compared to the deeper sediment background levels. These metals are all known to be abundantly leached from the AS soils. At the site approximately 4 km away from the river mouth, the concentrations of Cd, Co, Mn, Ni and Zn were elevated 5–100 times as compared to the background levels and showed an intriguing cyclic pattern, most likely reflecting seasonal leaching dynamics in the AS soil landscapes. In contrast, metals that are not abundantly leached from AS soils, i.e. chromium (Cr), iron (Fe) and vanadium (V) had consistently low concentrations throughout all sediment cores. The elevated metal concentrations in the top layers of the sediments in the estuary are alarming. The continuous land uplift of the region combined with the episodic rapid declines in pH may result in short and long term extensive release of metals. This, in turn, may have significant effects on the trace-metal contents in the Gulf of Bothnia and the entire Baltic Sea.     

Impacts of climate change on primary production and carbon sequestration of boreal Norway spruce forests: Finland as a model

The aim of this study was to estimate the potential impacts of climate change on the spatial patterns of primary production and net carbon sequestration in relation to water availability in Norway spruce (Picea abies) dominated forests throughout Finland (N 60°–N 70°). The Finnish climatic scenarios (FINADAPT) based on the A2 emission scenario were used. According to the results, the changing climate increases the ratio of evapotranspiration to precipitation in southern Finland, while it slightly decreases the ratio in northern Finland, with regionally lower and higher soil water content in the south and north respectively. During the early simulation period of 2000–2030, the primary production and net carbon sequestration are higher under the changing climate in southern Finland, due to a moderate increase in temperature and atmospheric CO₂. However, further elevated temperature and soil water stress reduces the primary production and net carbon sequestration from the middle period of 2030–2060 to the final period of 2060–2099, especially in the southernmost region. The opposite occurs in northern Finland, where the changing climate increases the primary production and net carbon sequestration over the 100-year simulation period due to higher water availability. The net carbon sequestration is probably further reduced by the stimulated ecosystem respiration (under climate warming) in southern Finland. The higher carbon loss of the ecosystem respiration probably also offset the increased primary production, resulting in the net carbon sequestration being less sensitive to the changing climate in northern Finland. Our findings suggest that future forest management should carefully consider the region-specific conditions of sites and adaptive practices to climate change for maintained or enhanced forest production and carbon sequestration.     

1961-2004年青藏高原夏季降水的时空分布

The summer day-by-day precipitation data of 97 meteorological stations on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1961 to 2004 were selected to analyze the temporal-spatial distribution through accumulated variance,correlation analysis,regression analysis,empirical orthogonal function,power spectrum function and spatial analysis tools of GIS.The result showed that summer precipitation occupied a relatively high proportion in the area with less annual precipitation on the Plateau and the correlation between summer precipitation and annual precipitation was strong.The altitude of these stations and summer precipitation tendency presented stronger positive correlation below 2000 m,with correlation value up to 0.604（α=0.01）.The subtracting tendency values between 1961-1983 and 1984-2004 at five altitude ranges（2000-2500 m,2500-3000 m,3500-4000 m,4000-4500 m and above 4500 m）were above zero and accounted for 71.4%of the total.Using empirical orthogonal function, summer precipitation could be roughly divided into three precipitation pattern fields：the Southeast Plateau Pattern Field,the Northeast Plateau Pattern field and the Three Rivers＇ Headstream Regions Pattern Field.The former two ones had a reverse value from the north to the south and opposite line was along 35°N.The potential cycles of the three pattern fields were 5.33a,21.33a and 2.17a respectively,tested by the confidence probability of 90%.The station altitudes and summer precipitation potential cycles presented strong negative correlation in the stations above 4500 m,with correlation value of-0.626（α=0.01）.In Three Rivers Headstream Regions summer precipitation cycle decreased as the altitude rose in the stations above 3500 m and increased as the altitude rose in those below 3500 m.The empirical orthogonal function analysis in June precipitation,July precipitation and August precipitation showed that the June precipitation pattern field was similar to the July＇s,in which southern Plateau was positive and northern Plateau negative.But positive     

大数据时代中国气候变化科学数据共享服务的发展现状与趋势分析

随着气候变化研究的进一步深入,中国已经积累和发布了越来越多气候变化方面的数据,为深入系统的科学研究和科技创新提供了宝贵的数据资源.相关数据存量越来越大,存储类型越来越丰富,促使我们进入一个前所未有的大数据时代.大数据时代需要对海量数据进行挖掘和应用,必然离不开数据的开放和共享.本文首先对气候变化驱动因素科学数据、气候变...     

一种伪随机脉冲的快速参数估计方法

在精密定轨中,附加伪随机脉冲能够很好地弥补力学模型精度不足的问题,然而由于伪随机脉冲数量通常较多,如果利用常规最小二乘方法直接进行参数估计,会严重降低计算效率。针对这一问题,给出了一种基于参数预消除与回代思想的伪随机脉冲参数快速估计方法,实测算例表明,利用本文方法,能够获得与常规最小二乘方法相同的参数估值,但本文方法在计算效率上要明显优于后者。     

吉尔吉斯斯坦楚河过去407年径流量重建

紧邻丝绸之路经济带核心区的中亚地区跨境河流众多,水资源分配极不均衡.揭示中亚跨境河流径流变化规律,对水资源调配管理,缓解区域水资源紧张局面有深远影响,对促进东西方经济文化交流和"一带一路"建设具有重大的战略意义.文章选取中亚重要跨境河流——楚河为研究对象,利用吉尔吉斯斯坦天山山区雪岭云杉(Picea schrenkia...     

一种宽幅星载TOPSAR数据高效成像算法

得益于天线波束方位向扫描技术,星载合成孔径雷达（SAR）能够在渐进扫描模式（TOPS）下实现宽测绘带观测.在TOPS模式下,SAR波束沿着方位向进行逆时针反复扫描,并在距离向上进行多次切换,从而获取多个图像切片（burst）.为了获得均匀采样的完整成像结果,通常需要对各burst进行重采样,但这会增加额外的计算量,降低处理效率.本文提出了一种宽幅星载TOPSAR数据高效成像算法.首先,在去斜率操作中引入一种新的插值方法,可以灵活地调整最终图像的方位采样间隔,方便进行图像拼接.该方法避免了在聚焦处理前的补零操作,从而降低计算量.在此基础上,本文结合TOPS模式多burst的特点,设计了一种GPU并行处理架构,成倍地提高数据处理效率.最后,根据仿真数据进行了实验,验证了该成像算法的有效性和高效性.